Cosmology-Independent Photon Mass Limits from Localized Fast Radio Bursts by Using Artificial Neural Networks

A hypothetical photon mass m_(γ) can produce a frequency-dependent vacuum dispersion of light, which leads to an additional time delay between photons with different frequencies when they propagate through a fixed distance. The dispersion measure and redshift measurements of fast radio bursts(FRBs) have been widely used to constrain the rest mass of the photon. However, all current studies analyzed the effect of the frequency-dependent dispersion for massive photons in the standard ΛCDM cosmological context. In order to alleviate the circularity problem induced by the presumption of a specific cosmological model based on the fundamental postulate of the masslessness of photons, here we employ a new model-independent smoothing technique, artificial neural network(ANN), to reconstruct the Hubble parameter H(z) function from 34 cosmic-chronometer measurements.By combining observations of 32 well-localized FRBs and the H(z) function reconstructed by ANN, we obtain an upper limit of m_(γ) ≤ 3.5 × 10^(-51)kg, or equivalently m_(γ) ≤ 2.0 × 10^(-15)eV/c^(2)(m_(γ) ≤ 6.5 × 10^(-51)kg, or equivalently m_(γ) ≤ 3.6 × 10^(-15)eV/c_(2)) at the 1σ(2σ) confidence level. This is the first cosmology-independent photon mass limit derived from extragalactic sources.

A Constrained Local Neighborhood Approach for Efficient Markov Blanket Discovery in Undirected Independent Graphs

When learning the structure of a Bayesian network,the search space expands significantly as the network size and the number of nodes increase,leading to a noticeable decrease in algorithm efficiency.Traditional constraint-based methods typically rely on the results of conditional independence tests.However,excessive reliance on these test results can lead to a series of problems,including increased computational complexity and inaccurate results,especially when dealing with large-scale networks where performance bottlenecks are particularly evident.To overcome these challenges,we propose a Markov blanket discovery algorithm based on constrained local neighborhoods for constructing undirected independence graphs.This method uses the Markov blanket discovery algorithm to refine the constraints in the initial search space,sets an appropriate constraint radius,thereby reducing the initial computational cost of the algorithm and effectively narrowing the initial solution range.Specifically,the method first determines the local neighborhood space to limit the search range,thereby reducing the number of possible graph structures that need to be considered.This process not only improves the accuracy of the search space constraints but also significantly reduces the number of conditional independence tests.By performing conditional independence tests within the local neighborhood of each node,the method avoids comprehensive tests across the entire network,greatly reducing computational complexity.At the same time,the setting of the constraint radius further improves computational efficiency while ensuring accuracy.Compared to other algorithms,this method can quickly and efficiently construct undirected independence graphs while maintaining high accuracy.Experimental simulation results show that,this method has significant advantages in obtaining the structure of undirected independence graphs,not only maintaining an accuracy of over 96%but also reducing the number of conditional independence tests by at least 50%.This significant performance improvement is due to the effective constraint on the search space and the fine control of computational costs.

Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

Are cities greener because of innovation?Independent innovation policy and green economic efficiency

The national independent innovation demonstration zone(NIIDZ)is an independent innovation policy that plays a crucial role in implementing strategies.Given the importance of the NIIDZ,this study uses panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020 and empirically examines the effect and internal mechanism of the NIIDZ on green economic efficiency(GEE)using the difference-in-difference model(DID).The results show that the NIIDZ effectively enhances the growth of GEE,and the results remain valid through several robustness tests,such as year-by-year propensity score matching.The transmission mechanism suggests that the NIIDZ indirectly drives GEE by accelerating scientific and technological investment,promoting talent concentration,and optimizing the industrial structure.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect of the NIIDZ on GEE is more prominent in the eastern region and high green development level areas.The study’s findings can serve as a reference for China to further utilize the policy effectiveness of the NIIDZ and accelerate the high-quality development of the green economy in the future.

Analysis of the Role of Problem-Based Independent Learning Model in Teaching Cerebral Ischemic Stroke First Aid in Emergency Medicine

Objective:To analyze the effect of using a problem-based(PBL)independent learning model in teaching cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS)first aid in emergency medicine.Methods:90 interns in the emergency department of our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected for the study.They were divided into Group A(45,conventional teaching method)and Group B(45 cases,PBL independent learning model)by randomized numerical table method to compare the effects of the two groups.Results:The teaching effect indicators and student satisfaction scores in Group B were higher than those in Group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of the PBL independent learning model in the teaching of CIS first aid can significantly improve the teaching effect and student satisfaction.

Projecting Wintertime Newly Formed Arctic Sea Ice through Weighting CMIP6 Model Performance and Independence

Precipitous Arctic sea-ice decline and the corresponding increase in Arctic open-water areas in summer months give more space for sea-ice growth in the subsequent cold seasons. Compared to the decline of the entire Arctic multiyear sea ice,changes in newly formed sea ice indicate more thermodynamic and dynamic information on Arctic atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction and northern mid–high latitude atmospheric teleconnections. Here, we use a large multimodel ensemble from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) to investigate future changes in wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice. The commonly used model-democracy approach that gives equal weight to each model essentially assumes that all models are independent and equally plausible, which contradicts with the fact that there are large interdependencies in the ensemble and discrepancies in models' performances in reproducing observations. Therefore, instead of using the arithmetic mean of well-performing models or all available models for projections like in previous studies, we employ a newly developed model weighting scheme that weights all models in the ensemble with consideration of their performance and independence to provide more reliable projections. Model democracy leads to evident bias and large intermodel spread in CMIP6 projections of newly formed Arctic sea ice. However, we show that both the bias and the intermodel spread can be effectively reduced by the weighting scheme. Projections from the weighted models indicate that wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice is likely to increase dramatically until the middle of this century regardless of the emissions scenario.Thereafter, it may decrease(or remain stable) if the Arctic warming crosses a threshold(or is extensively constrained).

MPC-based Torque Distribution for Planar Motion of Four-wheel Independently Driven Electric Vehicles:Considering Motor Models and Iron Losses

The most critical obstacle for four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles(4WID-EVs)is the driving range.Being the actuators of 4WID-EVs,motors account for its major power consumption.In this sense,by properly distributing torques to minimize the power consumption,the driving range of 4WID-EV can be effectively improved.This paper proposes a model predictive control(MPC)-based torque distribution scheme,which minimizes the power consumption of 4WID-EVs while guaranteeing its tracking performance of planar motions.By incorporating the motor model considering iron losses,the optimal torque distribution can be achieved without an additional torque controller.Also,for this reason,the proposed control scheme is computationally efficient,since the power consumption term to be optimized,which is expressed as the product of the motor voltages and currents,is much simpler than that derived from the efficiency map.With reasonable simplification and linearization,the MPC problem is converted to a quadratic programming problem,which can be solved efficiently.The simulation results in MATLAB and CarSim co-simulation environments demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively reduces power consumption with guaranteed tracking performance.

The Path to Growth and Maturity for Young Students: Embracing Independence and Self- Reliance

Young students are the future of our country and the hope of our nation.The healthy growth of young students must rely on independence and self-reliance.From the perspectives of family,society,and school,this article explores the cultivation of young students’spirit of independence and self-reliance,which should be grasped from three aspects:recognizing the situation,identifying the reasons,and taking effective measures.

Solving the k-Independent Sets Problem of Graphs by Gröbner Bases

The aim of this paper is to given an algebraic computational method for finding maximal independent sets as well as the independent number of an arbitrary finite graph of n vertices G by strengthening the problem of finding maximal independent sets of G to the problem of finding k-independent sets in G for. It is shown that the existence of k-independent sets in G is equivalent to the existence of solutions of a system of multivariate polynomial equations. It follows that the problem of finding k-independent sets can be realized by using Gröbner bases of polynomial ideals. Since the number of k-independent sets is finite, the triangular equations composed by Gröbner bases are easier to be solved. Consequently, the maximal independent sets and the independent number of G are obtained after solving at most n such equations. Finally, the numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this algebraic computational method.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of group independent components underpinning item responses to paranoid-depressive scale

BACKGROUND Our study expand upon a large body of evidence in the field of neuropsychiatric imaging with cognitive,affective and behavioral tasks,adapted for the functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(fMRI)experimental environment.There is sufficient evidence that common networks underpin activations in task-based fMRI across different mental disorders.AIM To investigate whether there exist specific neural circuits which underpin differ-ential item responses to depressive,paranoid and neutral items(DN)in patients respectively with schizophrenia(SCZ)and major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS 60 patients were recruited with SCZ and MDD.All patients have been scanned on 3T magnetic resonance tomography platform with functional MRI paradigm,comprised of block design,including blocks with items from diagnostic paranoid(DP),depression specific(DS)and DN from general interest scale.We performed a two-sample t-test between the two groups-SCZ patients and depressive patients.Our purpose was to observe different brain networks which were activated during a specific condition of the task,respectively DS,DP,DN.RESULTS Several significant results are demonstrated in the comparison between SCZ and depressive groups while performing this task.We identified one component that is task-related and independent of condition(shared between all three conditions),composed by regions within the temporal(right superior and middle temporal gyri),frontal(left middle and inferior frontal gyri)and limbic/salience system(right anterior insula).Another com-ponent is related to both diagnostic specific conditions(DS and DP)e.g.It is shared between DEP and SCZ,and includes frontal motor/language and parietal areas.One specific component is modulated preferentially by to the DP condition,and is related mainly to prefrontal regions,whereas other two components are significantly modulated with the DS condition and include clusters within the default mode network such as posterior cingulate and precuneus,several occipital areas,including lingual and fusiform gyrus,as well as parahippocampal gyrus.Finally,component 12 appeared to be unique for the neutral condition.In addition,there have been determined circuits across components,which are either common,or distinct in the preferential processing of the sub-scales of the task.CONCLUSION This study has delivers further evidence in support of the model of trans-disciplinary cross-validation in psychiatry.

Free Vibration Analysis of Rectangular Plate with Cutouts under Elastic Boundary Conditions in Independent Coordinate Coupling Method

Based on Kirchhoff plate theory and the Rayleigh-Ritz method,the model for free vibration of rectangular plate with rectangular cutouts under arbitrary elastic boundary conditions is established by using the improved Fourier series in combination with the independent coordinate coupling method(ICCM).The effect of the cutout is taken into account by subtracting the energies of the cutouts from the total energies of the whole plate.The vibration displacement function of the hole domain is based on the coordinate system of the hole domain in this method.From the continuity condition of the vibration displacement function at the cutout,the transition matrix between the two coordinate systems is constructed,and the mass and stiffness matrices are completely obtained.As a result,the calculation is simplified and the computational efficiency of the solution is improved.In this paper,numerical examples and modal experiments are presented to validate the effectiveness of the modeling methods,and parameters related to influencing factors of the rectangular plate are analyzed to study the vibration characteristics.

Tianmen textile machinery:Independently developed the drawing frame equipment

Hubei Tianmen Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.is a well-known enterprise and key high-tech enterprise in China textile industry.The company's leading product,drawing frame,has completely independent intellectual property rights,among which TM 11 is well received by users and has a high market share in China.

Designing for Independent Living:The Case Study of an Inclusive Apartment for Persons with Disabilities

Independent living and freedom of choice are closely linked to the social inclusion of PwD(Persons with Disabilities)in society.The paper reports on a recent study focused on investigating and understanding the needs and desires of persons with intellectual disabilities,with reduced mobility and with visual impairments while performing daily activities in order to design user-friendly and inclusive home environments for their life project.The case study concerns an apartment on the ground floor of a building well embedded in a neighborhood urban and social context.It was selected by Anffas Trentino Onlus to train young adults in independent living.Anffas is the National Association of Families of People Intellectual and/or Relational Disabilities,present and operating throughout Italy.Since 2008,important projects have been promoted by Anffas Trentino Onlus aimed at stimulating a personal and housing autonomy in PwD for“during and after us”,or rather when there are no more family members to take care of them.The design process involved a representative focus group of end users.With them and some Anffas staff components,it was possible to implement a participatory design process by sharing and verifying needs,desires,expectations.This approach was adopted in order to jointly develop a design proposal for a new inclusive apartment changing the paradigm from design for to design with,and building awareness both in the end users and designers.

Research on the Impact of Independent R&D and Collaborative Innovation on Economic Performance in China’s pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the impact of independent R&D and collaborative innovation on economic performance in the pharmaceutical industry.Methods A panel regression model was established by selecting the panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019.Results and Conclusion Independent R&D and collaborative innovation of the pharmaceutical industry in eastern,central and western regions of China had a positive effect on economic performance.Besides,the promotion effect of independent R&D was greater than that of collaborative innovation.The positive driving effect of economic performance is the largest among the three regions,followed by the central and western regions.The collaborative innovation has the greatest positive effect on economic performance in the central region,followed by the eastern and western regions.

Experimental Study of Primary School Students’Independent Reading Based on the Network Teaching Platform

The development of information technology, especially the rise of online teaching platforms, has changed the way people read and the methods they use. Under this influence, primary school students’ independent reading has also been changed. However, due to limited self-control and understanding, primary school students face certain difficulties when using online teaching platforms for independent reading. Advantages and disadvantages of distance learning based on the network teaching platform were summarized in this paper. A one-year experiment study was carried out on our school fifth-grade students in independent reading using WeChat campus platform considering their current situation and existing problems of independent reading. In experiment study an independent reading mode was introduced. The results show that this reading mode can significantly improve students’ independent reading ability.

Origin of the Dashuigou Independent Tellurium Deposit at the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Based on the Abundances of Trace Elements in the Country Rocks

Through a detailed study of the abundances and spatial-temporal distribution patterns of Te,Bi,As,Se,Cu,Pb,Zn,Au,and Ag in the rock types of different geological epochs in the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit,and in combination with other research findings of previous researchers in this area,the authors conclude as follows:Abundances of the main ore-forming elements Te,Bi,As,Se,Au,and Ag are not high in the regional geological background,generally lower or close to their respective crustal Clark values,but almost all altered country rocks contain high levels of ore-forming elements.This indicates that the deposit’s ore-forming elements do not come from the country rocks.This also indicates that the geological thermal events that cause alteration and mineralization originate from depths and may be related to mantle plumes.Considering the distribution pattern of these ore-forming elements in the ore bodies’hanging wall and footwall,the metallogenic mechanism may be as follows:Mineralization is not achieved through lateral secretion in the horizontal or near horizontal direction,but rather through the upward movement and emplacement of deep ore-forming elements driven by geological processes such as mantle plumes.In addition,the migration of deep ore-forming elements is not achieved through dispersed infiltration between overlying rock particles,but through non widespread concentrated penetrating channels.This type of channel is likely to be the expansion structures where faults from different directions intersect,or where linear faults intersect with circular structures.

胶东盘子涧金矿床成矿流体特征--来自包裹体、H-O同位素证据

盘子涧金矿床地处华北板块胶辽隆起区,栖霞—蓬莱金成矿带上。金矿的形成主要与区内控矿断裂——盘子涧断裂和中生代岩浆岩有关。为研究该矿床成矿流体性质及演化,并控讨矿床成因,对该矿床不同阶段的包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温、包裹体激光拉曼及H—O同位素分析研究。盘子涧金矿床成矿热液期可划分为4个成矿阶段,从早到晚分别是黄铁矿—石英阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、石英—黄铁矿(绢云母)阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、金—石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ阶段)和石英—碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ阶段)。其中Ⅱ、III阶段为主成矿阶段。不同成矿阶段的流体包裹体有3种类型,分别是富液气液两相盐水包裹体、含CO_(2)三相包裹体和纯液相包裹体。显微测温结果显示,成矿流体的完全均一温度介于142~348℃,主要集中于200~300℃,盐度介于4.44%~10.98%NaCl_(eqv)。石英的δD_(V-SMOW)值为-74.6‰~-68.5‰,δ^(18)O_(V-SMOW)值为+11.65‰~+13.92‰。显示成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的CO_(2)—H_(2)O—NaCl体系,来源于地幔,以岩浆热液为主,并伴有部分大气降水加入。矿床成因类型属石英脉型金矿。

丛枝菌根真菌对褐土玉米氮素吸收和土壤N_(2)O排放的影响

探究不同氮肥水平下丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对褐土玉米土壤N_(2)O排放和氮转化功能基因的影响,为阐明AM真菌在褐土N_(2)O排放中的作用和效应提供理论依据。设置氮肥用量(NⅠ:105 mg/kg;NⅡ:210 mg/kg)、AM真菌(M0:不接种AM真菌;M1:接种根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices);M2:接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae);M3:接种Rhizophagus intraradices+Funneliformis mosseae等比例混合)双因素盆栽试验。测定植株地上部全氮含量、土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量和N_(2)O排放量,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法分析土壤硝化功能基因(amoA-AOA和amoA-AOB)和反硝化功能基因(nirS、nirK和nosZ)的丰度。结果表明,两种施氮水平下,接种AM真菌均可显著降低土壤N_(2)O排放通量和累积排放量,不同AM真菌处理下N_(2)O累积排放量表现为:M0>M2>M1>M3。相同AM真菌处理的土壤N_(2)O排放通量和累积排放量在NⅡ施氮水平高于NⅠ施氮水平;相同AM真菌处理的玉米菌根侵染率在NⅡ施氮水平低于NⅠ施氮水平。与M0相比,NⅠ条件下M1、M2和M3处理土壤铵态氮含量分别降低24.5%、20.8%和45.3%,硝态氮含量分别降低19.7%、14.9%和30.2%,植株地上部全氮含量分别增加16.3%、35.2%和59.6%;与M0相比,NⅡ条件下M1、M2和M3处理土壤铵态氮含量分别降低20.9%、24.8%和40.0%,硝态氮含量分别降低36.3%、25.6%和45.2%,植株地上部全氮含量分别增加33.2%、43.9%和95.4%。两种施氮水平下,AM真菌可显著降低土壤硝化功能基因(amoA-AOA和amoA-AOB)丰度,增加反硝化功能基因(nirS、nirK和nosZ)丰度。AM真菌与N_(2)O排放通量呈极显著负相关。本盆栽试验条件下,接种AM真菌均可增强两种氮肥用量玉米植株氮素吸收能力,调节硝化、反硝化相关功能基因的丰度,减少土壤N_(2)O气体的排放,且两种AM真菌混合处理的N_(2)O减排效应强于单一AM真菌接种。

Three Dimensional Kinematics Analysis of the Independent Suspension Multibody System

Based on the theory of multibody system dynamics, the spatial kinematics analysis of the Mcpherson independent suspension widely used in the car was carried out. A practical and simpler method was provided to reduce the number of the generalized coordinates and constraint functions. By solving the nonlinear equations, the motion of any points in the whole suspension and wheel system can be predicted, including the spatial changes of the wheel alignment parameters which are of great importance to the car performances.

Modeling dam deformation using independent component regression method

In the application of regression analysis method to model dam deformation, the ill-condition problem occurred in coefficient matrix always prevents an accurate modeling mainly due to the multicollinearity of the variables. Independent component regression （ICR） was proposed to model the dam deformation and identify the physical origins of the deformation. Simulation experiment shows that ICR can successfully resolve the problem of ill-condition and produce a reliable deformation model. After that, the method is applied to model the deformation of the Wuqiangxi Dam in Hunan province, China. The result shows that ICR can not only accurately model the deformation of the dam, but also help to identify the physical factors that affect the deformation through the extracted independent components.