The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose...The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.展开更多
The properties of matched streams, the simultaneous operation time, and the distance between integrated processes, are the main factors which determine whether the direct integration is feasible or not. According to w...The properties of matched streams, the simultaneous operation time, and the distance between integrated processes, are the main factors which determine whether the direct integration is feasible or not. According to whether such synthetic integration is economically better than the separate integration of each process, a mathematical formulation is established. The retrofit of reforming and arene processes in a certain petrochemical factory, which are independent each other, is chosen as a case study. By only considering the simultaneous operation time, two retrofit designs are proposed: one is that each of the two processes is separately integrated by itself, and the other is that the two processes are integrated comprehensively. Under different simultaneous operation hours, the energy-saving effects and the economic profits of the two designs are calculated, and furthermore, the critical simultaneous operation time for direct heat integration of the two processes is obtained. When the actual simultaneous operation time of the two processes is longer than the critical value, the direct heat integration of the two processes is better economically, and otherwise the separate heat integration for each process should be considered.展开更多
Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel Oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-...Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel Oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2＋ signaling is uncoupled from its conventional role of Ca2＋-ATPase and independent of store-operated Ca2＋ signaling pathway. SPCA2-induced store-independent Ca2＋ entry （SICE） plays essential roles in many important physiological processes, while unbalanced SICE leads to enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Finally, we have summarized the clinical implication of SICE in oral cancer prognosis and treatment. Inhibition of SICE may be a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.展开更多
Toward solving the actual operation problems of cascade hydropower stations under hydrologic uncertainty, this paper presents the process of extraction of statistical characteristics from long-term optimal cascade ope...Toward solving the actual operation problems of cascade hydropower stations under hydrologic uncertainty, this paper presents the process of extraction of statistical characteristics from long-term optimal cascade operation, and proposes a monthly operation function algorithm for the actual operation of cascade hydropower stations through the identification, processing, and screening of available information during long-term optimal operation. Applying the operation function to the cascade hydropower stations on the Jinshajiang-Yangtze River system, the modeled long-term electric generation is shown to have high precision and provide benefits. Through comparison with optimal operation, the simulation results show that the operation function proposed retains the characteristics of optimal operation. Also, the inadequacies and attribution of the algorithm are discussed based on case study, providing decision support and reference information for research on large-scale cascade operation work.展开更多
Cleverly using the relation of independence spaces and B-matroids, this paper firstly deals with the properties of the closure operator of an independence space, followed by presenting the definitions and solving some...Cleverly using the relation of independence spaces and B-matroids, this paper firstly deals with the properties of the closure operator of an independence space, followed by presenting the definitions and solving some relative properties for the sub-independence spaces of an independence space with the help of circuits.展开更多
文摘The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20176045)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No. G20000263)
文摘The properties of matched streams, the simultaneous operation time, and the distance between integrated processes, are the main factors which determine whether the direct integration is feasible or not. According to whether such synthetic integration is economically better than the separate integration of each process, a mathematical formulation is established. The retrofit of reforming and arene processes in a certain petrochemical factory, which are independent each other, is chosen as a case study. By only considering the simultaneous operation time, two retrofit designs are proposed: one is that each of the two processes is separately integrated by itself, and the other is that the two processes are integrated comprehensively. Under different simultaneous operation hours, the energy-saving effects and the economic profits of the two designs are calculated, and furthermore, the critical simultaneous operation time for direct heat integration of the two processes is obtained. When the actual simultaneous operation time of the two processes is longer than the critical value, the direct heat integration of the two processes is better economically, and otherwise the separate heat integration for each process should be considered.
基金supported by grant GM62142 from the National Institution of Health to Rajini RaoAmerican Heart Association Pre-doctoral Fellowship 0815058E to Ming-Ye Fengsupported by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University
文摘Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel Oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2＋ signaling is uncoupled from its conventional role of Ca2＋-ATPase and independent of store-operated Ca2＋ signaling pathway. SPCA2-induced store-independent Ca2＋ entry （SICE） plays essential roles in many important physiological processes, while unbalanced SICE leads to enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Finally, we have summarized the clinical implication of SICE in oral cancer prognosis and treatment. Inhibition of SICE may be a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40971300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.10QX43)
文摘Toward solving the actual operation problems of cascade hydropower stations under hydrologic uncertainty, this paper presents the process of extraction of statistical characteristics from long-term optimal cascade operation, and proposes a monthly operation function algorithm for the actual operation of cascade hydropower stations through the identification, processing, and screening of available information during long-term optimal operation. Applying the operation function to the cascade hydropower stations on the Jinshajiang-Yangtze River system, the modeled long-term electric generation is shown to have high precision and provide benefits. Through comparison with optimal operation, the simulation results show that the operation function proposed retains the characteristics of optimal operation. Also, the inadequacies and attribution of the algorithm are discussed based on case study, providing decision support and reference information for research on large-scale cascade operation work.
基金Supported by NSF of Mathematical Special Foundation of Hebei Province(08M005)Supported by NSF of Educational Department of Hebei Province(2006105)
文摘Cleverly using the relation of independence spaces and B-matroids, this paper firstly deals with the properties of the closure operator of an independence space, followed by presenting the definitions and solving some relative properties for the sub-independence spaces of an independence space with the help of circuits.
