We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problem...We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problems of genuine biological autonomy: (1) if biological autonomy is not physical, where does it come from? (2) Is there a room for biological causes? And (3) how to obtain a workable model of biological teleology? It is shown here that the solution of all these three problems is related to the quantum vacuum. We present a short review of how this basic aspect of the fundamentals of quantum theory, although it had not been addressed for nearly 100 years, actually it was suggested by Bohr, Heisenberg, and others. Realizing that the quantum mechanical measurement problem associated with the "collapse" of the wave function is related, in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, to a process between self-consciousness and the external physical environment, we are extending the issue for an explanation of the different processes occurring between living organisms and their internal environment. Definitions of genuine biological autonomy, biological aim, and biological spontaneity are presented. We propose to improve the popular two-stage model of decisions with a biological model suitable to obtain a deeper look at the nature of the mind-body problem. In the newly emerging picture biological autonomy emerges as a new, fundamental and inevitable element of the scientific worldview.展开更多
Toni Morrison, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award winner, is a major voice in Black writing."Recitatif"is the only short story she has written, it has mainly been studied in terms of unreliable n...Toni Morrison, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award winner, is a major voice in Black writing."Recitatif"is the only short story she has written, it has mainly been studied in terms of unreliable narrator, racial relations, and narratology, and related perspectives. In her short story"Recitatif", Toni Morrison reveals the dilemma and struggle of the black people as she always did in her fictions, because her works, to a large extent, are accounts of official history, hidden from which she gives voice to voiceless people. In this short story, she never points out which character is black, which is white, between who there are some rather poignant conflicts, creating many indeterminate and absent elements, as well as individual anxieties, altogether compose a big myth of the short story for the readers, which is one of Morrison's central themes in her works. Myth, together with blackness, compose"Recitatif". This short story is entitled"Recitatif", or recitative(also known by its Italian name "recitativo") is a style of delivery(much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition. In this sense,"Recitatif"aims to tell something to the readers in a narrative way. Through analyzing indeterminacy, anxiety and absence in"Recitatif", this essay argues that Morrison shows her concerns about the condition of black people, especially black women who are under double pressures, and advocates equal treatment and respect for them.展开更多
The past few decades has seen various efforts devoted to the discussion of Quine's famous argument of indeterminacy of trans-lation,which seems to suggest the improbability of an exclusively correct translation.Th...The past few decades has seen various efforts devoted to the discussion of Quine's famous argument of indeterminacy of trans-lation,which seems to suggest the improbability of an exclusively correct translation.This paper begins with a literature review of his fa-mous theory of translational indeterminacy,and then attempts to explore the different effects of the theory on actual translation,in thecourse of which we correct some common misunderstandings concerning the theory.We come to the conclusion that 1) Quine's insight-ful claim proves the variability of translation standard from an epistemological view,2) his claim underlies the controversial translatabili-ty between languages,and 3) his claim may counterbalance the struggle between literal translation and free translation.展开更多
Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is ground...Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is grounded on a prepredicative,i. e. pre-linguistic and pre-communicative,level. I will endorse a Husserlian viewpoint on the issue,and I will try to develop some aspects of the Husserlian account of three-dimensional thing-perception by means of which I will showhowprepredicative experience can actually offer us a fundamental element of our common understanding of objectivity. In doing this,it will be necessary to acknowledge thing-perception as being primarily intertwined with indeterminacy. I will claim that only on the basis of such an intuitive and prepredicative access to the things as partially indeterminate,first,and as determinable,second,is it possible to have an understanding of the world as something (at least partially) independent from the intuition (s) all subjects can have of it. By means of the addition of a consciousness of the thing as accessible to other subjects,one achieves a vision of the thing as fully determinate in itself. This"vision",however,takes one to be aware of the determination of the thing as lying beyond any intuitive grasp of it. The result will,thus,be that the prepredicative constitution of our basic sense of objectivity leads us to intend the world as something which should be accounted for (also) by means of sources different from intuition.展开更多
This paper begins with an overview of quantum mechanics, and then recounts a relatively recent algebraic extension of the Boolean algebra of probabilistic events to “conditional events” (order pairs of events). The ...This paper begins with an overview of quantum mechanics, and then recounts a relatively recent algebraic extension of the Boolean algebra of probabilistic events to “conditional events” (order pairs of events). The main point is to show that a so-called “superposition” of two (or more) quantum events (usually with mutually inconsistent initial conditions) can be represented in this algebra of conditional events and assigned a consistent conditional probability. There is no need to imagine that a quantum particle can simultaneously straddle two inconsistent possibilities.展开更多
In the text of Wolf Totem, there are many spots of indeterminacy left purposely or involuntarily by the author in the depiction of characters, scenes, events and in the use of culture-related expressions, which are to...In the text of Wolf Totem, there are many spots of indeterminacy left purposely or involuntarily by the author in the depiction of characters, scenes, events and in the use of culture-related expressions, which are to be filled in by individual's interpretation through active reading of the work. Howard Goldblatt, as the translator of this work, adopts "creative rewriting" in the translation of Wolf Totem to actualize the indeterminacy and the factors guiding his concretization.展开更多
This article describes some dynamic aspects on dynastic utility incorporating two-sided altruism with an OLG setting. The special case is analyzed where the weights of two-sided altruism are dynamically inconsistent. ...This article describes some dynamic aspects on dynastic utility incorporating two-sided altruism with an OLG setting. The special case is analyzed where the weights of two-sided altruism are dynamically inconsistent. The Bellman equation for two-sided altruism proves to be reduced to one-sided dynamic problem, but the effective discount factor is different only in the current generation. It is shown that a contraction mapping result of value function cannot be achieved in general, and that there can locally exist an infinite number of self-consistent policy functions of the class C" with distinct steady states (indeterminacy of self-consistent, differentiable policy functions).展开更多
"Fidelity"has been a central principle of film adaptation, however, the concept itself is equivocal. Especially in the context of post-modernism, meaning and"core"of literature and artworks are no ..."Fidelity"has been a central principle of film adaptation, however, the concept itself is equivocal. Especially in the context of post-modernism, meaning and"core"of literature and artworks are no longer held as an indisputable notion. Filmmakers are finding new ways of fulfilling"fidelity"principles. Andrea Arnold's adaptation of Wuthering Heights in 2011 broaches a radical approach by exploring the mystery through Heathcliff's perspective and in doing so she goes directly to the essence of story.Her method is to strip this tragedy down to its unmediated essential state and unveil the enigmatic relationship between the selfdestructive couple. In trying to complete a missing link in the original text, Arnold performs a revolutionary way of adhering"fidelity"principle.展开更多
The Efficient Markets Hypothesis(EMH)is the focusing topic in the past 50 years of financial market researches.Many empirical studies are then provided that want to test EMH but have no consensus.The perception of EMH...The Efficient Markets Hypothesis(EMH)is the focusing topic in the past 50 years of financial market researches.Many empirical studies are then provided that want to test EMH but have no consensus.The perception of EMH determines the attitude and strategy of participants and regulators in financial market.One perception of EMH argues that investors’behavior of seeking abnormal profits and arbitrage drives prices to their“correct”value.Investigating the“correct”value derives the concept of“market indeterminacy”.It means the inability to determine whether stock prices are efficient or inefficient.Market indeterminacy pervades stock markets because“correct”prices are unknown because of imperfect information and model sensitivity.Market indeterminacy makes arbitrage risky and makes event studies unreliable in some policy and litigation applications.The concept of market efficiency is needed to be re-recognized considering the mechanism of price formation.In order to further research and practice in law and financial market,there needs a view from the“jumping together”of disparate disciplines.Adaptive Markets Hypothesis(AMH)that using the evolutionary principles in financial market is a new viewpoint on cognitive decision and deserves to be paid more attention to.展开更多
Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending i...Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending in Animal Farm,analyzes the horizons of expectation,indeterminacy and the“blank”in the work,and explores the interaction between readers and the work.展开更多
This study draws on usage-based approach to language learning and investigates the role of syntactical indeterminacy and token frequency in constructional acquisition, for which reflexive verb constructions were selec...This study draws on usage-based approach to language learning and investigates the role of syntactical indeterminacy and token frequency in constructional acquisition, for which reflexive verb constructions were selected as the testing field. Syntactic structures of reflexive verbs are either by reflexive constructions or adjectival passive, which have a polysemous interrelationship within the verb. To examine whether syntactic indeterminacy and token frequency play a role in the acquisition of reflexive verb constructions, a test of reflexive verb constructions and a baseline test formed with transitive verbs were developed and administered to L2 learners of an intermediate proficiency level. The findings show: (1) L2 reflexive verb constructions were less acquired than transitive constructions, suggesting that syntactic indeterminacy had an impact upon sentence production; (2) no significant difference was found between the productions of reflexive constructions and adjectival passives, but descriptive statistics showed that learners were attracted to the adjectival passive for production; (3) production of both syntactic structures reflected token frequency trend from COCA, indicating the important role of frequency in complex constructional acquisition.展开更多
Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory,this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge,a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty,and its...Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory,this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge,a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty,and its English translations by William John Bainbrigge Fletcher,Herbert Allen Giles,Xu Yuanchong as well as Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang.Results are as follows:1)Xu’s translation is the best in that he adds annotations and combines literal and free translations so as to explicate cultural connotations and underlying implications of images while meeting and broadening target readers’horizon of expectation.In addition,he tries to replicate figurative characteristics and transform rhetorical techniques of original cultural images to retain the source text’s indeterminacy and aesthetic value and to provide target readers with intense aesthetic experience.2)There are inappropriate and inaccurate translations of cultural images in all the four English translations,and they are caused by differences in ethnic history,religious belief,mode of thinking,features of English and Chinese as well as the subjectivity of translators.展开更多
文摘We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problems of genuine biological autonomy: (1) if biological autonomy is not physical, where does it come from? (2) Is there a room for biological causes? And (3) how to obtain a workable model of biological teleology? It is shown here that the solution of all these three problems is related to the quantum vacuum. We present a short review of how this basic aspect of the fundamentals of quantum theory, although it had not been addressed for nearly 100 years, actually it was suggested by Bohr, Heisenberg, and others. Realizing that the quantum mechanical measurement problem associated with the "collapse" of the wave function is related, in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, to a process between self-consciousness and the external physical environment, we are extending the issue for an explanation of the different processes occurring between living organisms and their internal environment. Definitions of genuine biological autonomy, biological aim, and biological spontaneity are presented. We propose to improve the popular two-stage model of decisions with a biological model suitable to obtain a deeper look at the nature of the mind-body problem. In the newly emerging picture biological autonomy emerges as a new, fundamental and inevitable element of the scientific worldview.
文摘Toni Morrison, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award winner, is a major voice in Black writing."Recitatif"is the only short story she has written, it has mainly been studied in terms of unreliable narrator, racial relations, and narratology, and related perspectives. In her short story"Recitatif", Toni Morrison reveals the dilemma and struggle of the black people as she always did in her fictions, because her works, to a large extent, are accounts of official history, hidden from which she gives voice to voiceless people. In this short story, she never points out which character is black, which is white, between who there are some rather poignant conflicts, creating many indeterminate and absent elements, as well as individual anxieties, altogether compose a big myth of the short story for the readers, which is one of Morrison's central themes in her works. Myth, together with blackness, compose"Recitatif". This short story is entitled"Recitatif", or recitative(also known by its Italian name "recitativo") is a style of delivery(much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition. In this sense,"Recitatif"aims to tell something to the readers in a narrative way. Through analyzing indeterminacy, anxiety and absence in"Recitatif", this essay argues that Morrison shows her concerns about the condition of black people, especially black women who are under double pressures, and advocates equal treatment and respect for them.
文摘The past few decades has seen various efforts devoted to the discussion of Quine's famous argument of indeterminacy of trans-lation,which seems to suggest the improbability of an exclusively correct translation.This paper begins with a literature review of his fa-mous theory of translational indeterminacy,and then attempts to explore the different effects of the theory on actual translation,in thecourse of which we correct some common misunderstandings concerning the theory.We come to the conclusion that 1) Quine's insight-ful claim proves the variability of translation standard from an epistemological view,2) his claim underlies the controversial translatabili-ty between languages,and 3) his claim may counterbalance the struggle between literal translation and free translation.
文摘Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is grounded on a prepredicative,i. e. pre-linguistic and pre-communicative,level. I will endorse a Husserlian viewpoint on the issue,and I will try to develop some aspects of the Husserlian account of three-dimensional thing-perception by means of which I will showhowprepredicative experience can actually offer us a fundamental element of our common understanding of objectivity. In doing this,it will be necessary to acknowledge thing-perception as being primarily intertwined with indeterminacy. I will claim that only on the basis of such an intuitive and prepredicative access to the things as partially indeterminate,first,and as determinable,second,is it possible to have an understanding of the world as something (at least partially) independent from the intuition (s) all subjects can have of it. By means of the addition of a consciousness of the thing as accessible to other subjects,one achieves a vision of the thing as fully determinate in itself. This"vision",however,takes one to be aware of the determination of the thing as lying beyond any intuitive grasp of it. The result will,thus,be that the prepredicative constitution of our basic sense of objectivity leads us to intend the world as something which should be accounted for (also) by means of sources different from intuition.
文摘This paper begins with an overview of quantum mechanics, and then recounts a relatively recent algebraic extension of the Boolean algebra of probabilistic events to “conditional events” (order pairs of events). The main point is to show that a so-called “superposition” of two (or more) quantum events (usually with mutually inconsistent initial conditions) can be represented in this algebra of conditional events and assigned a consistent conditional probability. There is no need to imagine that a quantum particle can simultaneously straddle two inconsistent possibilities.
文摘In the text of Wolf Totem, there are many spots of indeterminacy left purposely or involuntarily by the author in the depiction of characters, scenes, events and in the use of culture-related expressions, which are to be filled in by individual's interpretation through active reading of the work. Howard Goldblatt, as the translator of this work, adopts "creative rewriting" in the translation of Wolf Totem to actualize the indeterminacy and the factors guiding his concretization.
文摘This article describes some dynamic aspects on dynastic utility incorporating two-sided altruism with an OLG setting. The special case is analyzed where the weights of two-sided altruism are dynamically inconsistent. The Bellman equation for two-sided altruism proves to be reduced to one-sided dynamic problem, but the effective discount factor is different only in the current generation. It is shown that a contraction mapping result of value function cannot be achieved in general, and that there can locally exist an infinite number of self-consistent policy functions of the class C" with distinct steady states (indeterminacy of self-consistent, differentiable policy functions).
文摘"Fidelity"has been a central principle of film adaptation, however, the concept itself is equivocal. Especially in the context of post-modernism, meaning and"core"of literature and artworks are no longer held as an indisputable notion. Filmmakers are finding new ways of fulfilling"fidelity"principles. Andrea Arnold's adaptation of Wuthering Heights in 2011 broaches a radical approach by exploring the mystery through Heathcliff's perspective and in doing so she goes directly to the essence of story.Her method is to strip this tragedy down to its unmediated essential state and unveil the enigmatic relationship between the selfdestructive couple. In trying to complete a missing link in the original text, Arnold performs a revolutionary way of adhering"fidelity"principle.
文摘The Efficient Markets Hypothesis(EMH)is the focusing topic in the past 50 years of financial market researches.Many empirical studies are then provided that want to test EMH but have no consensus.The perception of EMH determines the attitude and strategy of participants and regulators in financial market.One perception of EMH argues that investors’behavior of seeking abnormal profits and arbitrage drives prices to their“correct”value.Investigating the“correct”value derives the concept of“market indeterminacy”.It means the inability to determine whether stock prices are efficient or inefficient.Market indeterminacy pervades stock markets because“correct”prices are unknown because of imperfect information and model sensitivity.Market indeterminacy makes arbitrage risky and makes event studies unreliable in some policy and litigation applications.The concept of market efficiency is needed to be re-recognized considering the mechanism of price formation.In order to further research and practice in law and financial market,there needs a view from the“jumping together”of disparate disciplines.Adaptive Markets Hypothesis(AMH)that using the evolutionary principles in financial market is a new viewpoint on cognitive decision and deserves to be paid more attention to.
文摘Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending in Animal Farm,analyzes the horizons of expectation,indeterminacy and the“blank”in the work,and explores the interaction between readers and the work.
文摘This study draws on usage-based approach to language learning and investigates the role of syntactical indeterminacy and token frequency in constructional acquisition, for which reflexive verb constructions were selected as the testing field. Syntactic structures of reflexive verbs are either by reflexive constructions or adjectival passive, which have a polysemous interrelationship within the verb. To examine whether syntactic indeterminacy and token frequency play a role in the acquisition of reflexive verb constructions, a test of reflexive verb constructions and a baseline test formed with transitive verbs were developed and administered to L2 learners of an intermediate proficiency level. The findings show: (1) L2 reflexive verb constructions were less acquired than transitive constructions, suggesting that syntactic indeterminacy had an impact upon sentence production; (2) no significant difference was found between the productions of reflexive constructions and adjectival passives, but descriptive statistics showed that learners were attracted to the adjectival passive for production; (3) production of both syntactic structures reflected token frequency trend from COCA, indicating the important role of frequency in complex constructional acquisition.
文摘Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory,this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge,a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty,and its English translations by William John Bainbrigge Fletcher,Herbert Allen Giles,Xu Yuanchong as well as Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang.Results are as follows:1)Xu’s translation is the best in that he adds annotations and combines literal and free translations so as to explicate cultural connotations and underlying implications of images while meeting and broadening target readers’horizon of expectation.In addition,he tries to replicate figurative characteristics and transform rhetorical techniques of original cultural images to retain the source text’s indeterminacy and aesthetic value and to provide target readers with intense aesthetic experience.2)There are inappropriate and inaccurate translations of cultural images in all the four English translations,and they are caused by differences in ethnic history,religious belief,mode of thinking,features of English and Chinese as well as the subjectivity of translators.