Correlation between the Human Development Index and the Incidence and Mortality of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objective This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods We compared the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and the ASMR to ASIR ratio(MIR)at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index(HDI)in 2012 and 2018.Results The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018,and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and 2018.The highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018,and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in 2018.The lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018,and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and 2018.HDI was strongly negatively correlated with MIR(r:−0.8810,P<0.0001,2012;r:−0.8895,P<0.0001,2018).Compared to the 2012 data,the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in 2018.Conclusion The MIR is negatively correlated with HDI.Increasing the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

Socio-economic development of countries based on the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI)

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries.The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent,since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries.The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI).The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields(social development,digital development,economic development,and environmental security)and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI.The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine.The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries.This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities,it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors.This was confirmed by the results obtained,demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI.The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology(e.g.,the CCDI)for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

Dynamic Development Characteristics and Driving Factors of High Quality Development Level in China’s Five Major Urban Agglomerations

High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist,modern country,as well as the primary task of building urban agglomerations in China.Based on the five development concepts,this paper used the entropy method to measure the High Quality Development Index(HQDI)of the five major urban agglomerations.The results showed that the HQDI of the five major urban agglomerations shows a fluctuating upward trend.First,using the Dagum Gini coefficient to explore the sources of HQDI development differences in urban agglomerations,we found that the main source of HQDI differences in urban agglomerations was inter-regional differences,while intra-regional differences were not important.Second,kernel density estimation was used to test the dynamic evolution trend of HQDI within urban agglomerations.There was a polarisation phenomenon in the HQDI of urban agglomerations,such as the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.But overall,the degree of imbalance had decreased.Third,using geographic detectors to examine the driving factors of HQDI in urban agglomerations,we found that the main driving forces for improving HQDI in urban agglomerations were economic growth,artificial intelligence technology and fiscal decentralisation.All the interaction factors had greater explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of HQDI,which can be divided into two types:two-factor improvement and non-linear improvement.This study is conducive to improving and enriching the theoretical system for evaluating the high quality development of urban agglomerations,and provides policy references for promoting the high quality development of urban agglomerations.

Study on the After-evaluation Index System and Evaluation Model of Industrial Estate Land Development Project

According to the modem management theories and the characters of industrial estate land development project, this paper studies the after-evaluation＇s content and method of industrial estate land development project and puts forward the index system of course after-evaluation, finance after-evaluation and society after-evaluation. Moreover, this paper also brings forward the method and model of synthetic after-evaluation.

Construction and Analysis of Development Pole Index of Guangdong Coastal Economic Zone:A Case Study of Zhanjiang

Zhanjiang and Shantou are big agricultural cities and important development poles of the East and West of the Guangdong Coastal Economic Belt.It is of great practical significance to quantitatively study the formation degree of development poles in economically underdeveloped regions.Taking Zhanjiang as an example,this paper constructs the development pole and measures the index by integrating 9 indicators,and analyzes the history and current situation of Zhanjiang as the development pole.It turns out that in the neighboring area,Zhanjiang has the ability to become a development pole,but it is far from being formed,and must cooperate with Haikou to form the dual development pole model.According to the analysis results,the corresponding suggestions are given in industry,ecology,transportation,talents,technological innovation and financial investment.

National Breast Cancer Mortality and Incidence Rates According to the Human Development Index: An Ecological Study

Background: This study aimed to identify the role of human development index (HDI) in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) worldwide. Methods: Data on the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of BC for 184 countries were obtained from the GLOBOCAN. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained from the World Bank Report 2013. Linear regression model was used for assessment the effect of HDI on BC occurrence rates. Results: In 2012, BCs were estimated to have affected a total of 1,671,149 individuals (crude rate: 47.8 per 100,000 individuals), and caused 521,907 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 14.7 per 100,000 individuals). Nearly half of total female BC cases (46.3%) with the highest risk of incidence (age-standardized Rate (ASR): 128 per 100,000) had occurred in very high HDI regions. The most proportion of the mortality burden was in low HDI and medium HDI areas. Linear regression analyses showed a direct significant correlation between the incidence of BC and HDI at the global level (B = 104.5, P < 0.001). The mortality rate of BC was not significantly associated with HDI (B = 3.26, P = 0.160). Conclusion: Our study showed that the burden of female BC is enormous in very high HDI and low HID regions. Targeted interventions have the ability to reduce this number significantly through resource-dependent interventions. Moreover, further reductions in mortality could be brought about by increasing access to curative treatment for patients with BC.

Calculation and Analysis of the Industrial Green Development Index in Hunan Province

In order to realize the purpose of human sustainable development,green development has become a dominant trend in contemporary society. ＂ Green Hunan＂ is the primary slogan of Hunan＇s four cards. Thus,in recent years,what is the practice result of Hunan＇s green development？ Based on the concept of industrial green development index,we selected the related panel data from 14 different cities of Hunan Province in 2012. The energy consumption and carbon emissions were also selected as input indexes,and GDP of secondary industry was used as the output index to build the industrial green development index. The CRS model of DEA was used to calculate and sequence the industrial green development indexes of 14 cities in Hunan Province.

Linear Mixed Model Analysis of Worldwide Longitudinal Infant Mortality Rate Data and Association with Human Development Index

A linear mixed model is used to determine the explaining infant mortality rate data of United Nations countries. The HDI （human development index） has a significant negative linear relationship with infant mortality rate. United Nations data shows that the infant mortality rate has a descending trend over the period 1990-2010. This study aims to assess the value of the HDI as a predictor of infant mortality rate. Findings in the paper suggest that significant percentage reductions in infant mortality might be possible for countries for controlling the HDI.

癫痫患儿脑电图棘慢波指数与P300及Gesell评分的相关性

目的研究癫痫患儿脑电图棘慢波指数(SWI)与P300、Gesell评分的相关性。方法前瞻性选取2022年6月至8月西安交通大学第一附属医院榆林医院收治的100例睡眠中癫痫性电持续状态(ESES)患儿作为研究组,选择同期于本院行健康体检的儿童100名作为对照组。记录研究组患儿的脑电图慢波睡眠期的棘慢波指数,比较两组患儿的格赛尔发展诊断量表(Gesell评分)与P300参数。分析Gesell评分、P300波幅均与慢波睡眠期SWI之间的相关性。结果研究组患儿的慢波睡眠期SWI为92.92±8.35。研究组患儿的社会适应性、整体化运动、细节化运动、语言表达功能、社会交往等Gesell评分分别为(56.66±11.97)、(49.47±10.82)、(44.44±11.36)、(61.65±14.79)、(57.27±9.31)分,均明显低于对照组[(86.5±7.68)、(70.24±10.53)、(72.03±10.65)、(81.68±10.34)、(83.93±12.04)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患儿的P300潜伏时间为(347.55±11.76)ms,明显长于对照组[(331.92±14.84)ms],P300波幅为(14.22±1.04)μV,明显低于对照组[(16.37±1.74)μV],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患儿社会适应、整体运动、精细运动、语言能力、社会交往、P300波幅均与慢波睡眠期SWI均呈明显负相关(P<0.05),P300潜伏时间与慢波睡眠期SWI呈明显正相关(P<0.05)。结论ESES患儿脑电波图显示出增强的棘波和慢波活动,与Gesell发育评估的分数呈现出明显的逆向关联,与P300波形正相关。

Changing Rural Development Inequality in Jilin Province, Northeast China

Rural development inequality is an important practical issue during the course of full establishment of a ′moderately well-off society′ in modern China,and the objective understanding and evaluation of the status and regional inequality of rural development can provide scientific basis for ′building a new countryside′ and coordination development of rural-urban regions.Based on the county-level data of 2000,2005 and 2009,this paper examines the rural development inequality of Jilin Province in Northeast China by establishing a rural development index.The spatio-temporal dynamic patterns and domain factors are discussed by using the method of exploratory spatial data analysis and multi-regression model.The results are shown as follows.Firstly,most of the counties were in lower development level,which accounted for 58.3%,62.5% and 66.7% of the total counties in 2000,2005 and 2009,respectively.The characteristics of spatial inequality were very obvious at county level.For example,rural development level of Changchun Proper and the proper of seven prefecture-level cities were much higher than that of the surrounding regions.The counties in the eastern and northern Jilin Province were the lowest regions of rural development level,while the middle counties were the rapid growth areas in rural economy.Secondly,Moran′s I of rural development index(RDI) was 0.01,–0.16 and –0.06 in 2000,2005 and 2009,respectively,which indicated that spatial agglomeration of RDI was not obvious in Jilin Province,and took on the characteristic of random distribution.The counties of both the units and its adjacent units have higher development level(HH) were transferred from the western areas to the eastern areas,while the countries of both the units and its adjacent units have lower development level(LL) were diffused from the eastern to middle and western Jilin Province.Finally,the result of multi-regression analysis showed that the improvement of agricultural production condition,development of agricultural economics and the adjustment of industrial structure were the domain factors affecting rural development inequality of Jilin Province in the later ten years.

仿宫鸟巢结合亲子袋鼠护理模式在早产儿发展性照护中的应用

目的:探讨仿宫鸟巢结合亲子袋鼠护理模式在早产儿发展性照护中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年8月至2023年2月本院收治的早产儿80例,采用随机数字表法将其进行对照组和观察组,其中对照组40例采取常规护理,观察组40例实施仿宫鸟巢结合亲子袋鼠护理模式,2组均持续护理2周。比较2组早产儿生理指标变化、生长发育情况、喂养不耐受发生情况以及家长满意度。结果:观察组护理后生理指标、生长发育情况均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组喂养不耐受发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组家长满意度各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在早产儿发展性照护中采取仿宫鸟巢结合亲子袋鼠护理模式,可改善早产儿生理指标,促进早产儿生长发育,降低喂养不耐受发生风险,从而提升家长满意度。

Sustainable Urban Development Evaluation of Shanghai:An Ecological Wellbeing Performance Perspective

Against the backdrop of aggravating resource and environment restriction,it is an inevitable choice to adopt the sustainable development pattern to maximize social well-being within the ecological threshold.From the perspective of ecological well-being performance,ecological footprint per capita and human development index were selected to construct the evaluation index system for sustainable urban development,and DEA applied to calculate the input-output efficiency,so as to analyze the sustainable development level of Shanghai from 1999 to 2012.The results showed that①human development index,ecological footprint per capita of Shanghai grew in step with economic development,but ecological footprint per capita level exceeded the ecological carrying capacity,thus the overall ecological conditions remained in the state of worsening "deficit";②ecological well-being performance of Shanghai in most years remained in the DEA ineffective state,and the scale return had decreased gradually since 2005.In addition,the paper gave pertinent suggestions.

A Study of Resource Curse Effect of Chinese Provinces Based on Human Developing Index

Traditional opinion considers that natural resources play an important positive role in economic development, while resource curse theory holds that natural resources usually obstruct economic increase. This debate needs further exploration. In most of empirical studies on resource curse theory, the economic development of an area is mainly evaluated by the Gross Domestic Product(GDP), however, the social and cultural contents of economic development are seldom considered. Thus, the Human Developing Index(HDI) was chosen to describe the comprehensive developing situation of an area in our study. Based on the panel data from the year of 2000 to 2011, the relationship between Human Developing Index and resource exploitation degree(RED) of 30 provinces in China(Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao were not included because of the restriction of data acquisition) was investigated by correlation coefficient analysis and regression analysis. We found that resource curse did exist over the entire country and its effect on 30 provinces were not exactly the same. According to the effects of resource curse, these provinces could be classified into four types: no resource curse provinces, slight resource curse provinces, severe resource curse provinces, and extreme resource curse provinces. Testing from two short time periods 2000–2005, and 2006–2011, the resource curse effect was not prominent. However, testing from the entire period of 2000–2011, the effect was obvious among each province.

Evaluation of Material-based Development of China Using GIS Methods

Regional development is a course of accumulation based on many factors, which is directly related to resources utilization and conversion. And material wealth production and accumulation embody the outcome of regional development. Thus, focusing on material wealth, regional development can be evaluated from resources and perspective of resources conversion. Taking the infrastructural level, transportation accessibility and economic development level into full account, the concept of "material-based development" was presented and the material-based development index (MDI) model was established. By using the MDI model, geographic information system technology and mathematic methods, this article then calculated MDI of each county and province of China in 2005 and systematically evaluated the material-based development of China at county and provincial scales, so as to bring some scientific references and policy-making supports to the population development function oriented zoning and population spatial distribution planning of China. The result showed that: (1) At county scale, the material-based development of counties within China in 2005 was significantly different, in which there were 1876 counties belonging to the mid-level material-based development and accounted for 78.10% of the total. The numbers of high-level and low-level counties were 144 and 382 and accounted for 6.00% and 15.90% respectively, demonstrating a spindle shape in general. The spatial distribution of material-based development was unbalanced, and it was much better in southeastern part of the line of "Daxinganling–Yinshan-Liupanshan–southeast edge of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau" than that of northwestern. Furthermore, there were also differences of the sub-index between different material-based development levels. Therefore, for different regions, key issues and measures adaptable to local condition should be prioritized and taken in order to realize regional balance development. (2) At provincial scale, there was also significant difference between each province and the spatial distribution of it was "high in the east, low in the west" in general. It meant that the capacity of natural resources attraction and conversion of east China was better than that of west China. The infrastructure level was the main factor ac- counting for the differences of material-based development levelsamong provinces. As a result, our government should make great efforts to improve infrastructure condition, especially the western part of China, so as to narrow the gap between the western part and the eastern part to realize the coordinated development within different regions and rapidly socio-economic development of China.

Training and Rural Development in Some Countries of the European Union

The aim of this research was to value, using a multiple regression model, the role of knowledge to guarantee the development in rural areas of European Union countries over 10 years. The main question was to find out relationships among some variable, as the percentage of national Gross Domestic Product （GDP） used to improve the high training, and rural development in terms of agricultural labour units. The results underlined in 2001 as an high value of rural development, in terms of working force in agriculture, was identified in some countries of European Union characterised by a low value both in high training investments and also by a low value of Human Development Index, according to the definition of The Economist. The results in 2010 pointed out an inverse correlation among the dependent variable development in rural areas and the independent variables per capita GDP and national expenditure in advanced training, in percentage of national GDP. The learning by doing and by using, the introduction of advanced training in agriculture, using Long Life Learning measures of European Union, are important to improve the development of European rural areas but, sometimes, these actions are not perceived as something of useful.

Comparison of Organic Sector Development in Six Balkan Countries

The study elaborates and examines a method for evaluation of organic farming development according to 10 indicators estimated by experts＇ opinion. It could be used for making comparisons in different countries, regions, or even time periods on the basis of the 10 main indicators determined considering organic operators, organic area, organic production, organic farms＇ structure, resources, access to market, institutional support, education and training, science and technology, environmental protection, each one of them including sub-indicators. The proposed organic development index （ODI） could be used as a complex indicator for organic sector development embracing different and very significant aspects rather than only nowadays used organic area, percentage, sales, etc collected data for which are still questionable and difficult. The method was put into practice for six Balkan countries （Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, and Romania）. The calculations of ODI show very low results--not well developed and competitive sector suffering the interference of international open markets. Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania perform better while Western Balkan countries （Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina） are still at the beginning of organic sector development.

Mining Contribution to Municipalities Development

Mining activity in Brazil has significantly contributed to the country development.However,this contribution is not always fully noticed by society.This study aims to bring more evidence to this mining activity contribution,based on highly regarded development indicators,such as the HDI(Human Development Index),created by the UNDP(United Nations Development Programme).The HD1 was traditionally designed as an instrument to evaluate the degree of countries development and was subsequently deployed to states and municipalities(IDHM(Municipal Human Development Index)for Brazilian municipalities).In addition to lDHM released by the UNDP,FIRJAN(Federation of the Industries of the State of Rio de Janeiro)developed its own IFDM(FIR JAN Municipal Development Index).The statistical analysis shows that the average of the municipalities with mining activities has superior development indices than those with non-mining activities,especially in the two major mining states:Minas Gerais and Parfi.

An Analytic Study on Internal Linkages Between Human Development and Globalization

Globalization is often understood as increasing global economic integration, global forms of governance, and globally inter-linked social and environmental developments. The target of this paper~ is to demonstrate the connection among human development, globalization, and institutional quality. The second part provides the methodology of measuring the overall globalization with an emphasis on the 2011 Konjunkturforschungsstelle （KOF） Globalization Index. The KOF Globalization Index includes economic, social, and political contexts. The third part shortly introduces one of the parameters of institutional quality--Human Development Index （HDI） （or rather Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index （IHDI） as the real indicator of the level of human development） and its methodology and results. For the analysis, two out of three dimensions of IHDI were used （long and healthy life and access to education） and two dimensions of Globalization Index were employed （social and political globalization）. The third part compares indices and scores together, analyzes them, and assesses the relationships between the HDI and the Globalization Index. It is possible to conclude from the results achieved in the study that the social globalization has stronger linkages with human development than with the political globalization, yet, spurring growth rates and reduced poverty in countries with poor institutions cannot be achieved simply by globalizing their economies.

数字乡村发展水平指标体系构建与实证研究--以河南省2014-2021年18个地级市面板数据为例

【目的】科学量化数字乡村发展水平,有效推进现代信息技术与乡村各领域全面有机融合,助力乡村振兴。【方法】在梳理学界最新研究成果以及实践调研的基础上,基于2014-2021年河南省18个地市面板数据,从乡村数字信息基础、乡村数字经济新业态、农业数字化转型、乡村生活数字化4个维度选取20个指标,构建数字乡村发展水平评价指标体系。综合运用熵权法、TOPSIS法、Kernel密度估计、泰尔指数、Moran’s I等研究方法测度河南省数字乡村发展水平,分析其区域差异及时空演变规律。【结果】(1)从发展水平看,考察期内河南省数字乡村发展水平呈现逐年上升态势,虽然整体发展水平不高,但可持续发展动能强劲。(2)从区域差异看,河南数字乡村发展水平整体差异呈现稳步下降趋势。其中,区域间差异对总体差异的贡献最大,中原城市群与黄淮地区差异最明显,区域内差异表现为中原城市群、豫西豫西南、豫北、黄淮地区依次递减的态势。(3)从时空演变看,四大经济区区域间呈现明显且稳定的正相关,中原城市群地市多表现为高高集聚,而黄淮地区基本表现为低低集聚。【结论】河南省数字乡村发展应该结合省情及区域特征,全面布局、统筹推进、均衡发展、弥合差距、快速提升。

不同剂量醋酸曲普瑞林对特发性中枢性性早熟患儿性激素及骨代谢的影响

目的分析不同剂量醋酸曲普瑞林对特发性中枢性性早熟患儿性激素及骨代谢的影响。方法收集2020年5月至2022年1月儿科收治的特发性中枢性性早熟患儿72例,根据电脑随机数字表法分组,每组36例。对照组予以80μg/kg醋酸曲普瑞林治疗,观察组予以60μg/kg醋酸曲普瑞林治疗,12个月后比较2组患儿的临床疗效、发育指标、性激素、骨代谢指标及安全性。结果观察组患儿的总有效率为97.22%,对照组为94.44%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患儿的预测成年身高、身高标准差分值(HtSDSBA)与骨龄均高于治疗前,而生长速率低于治疗前(P<0.05),但2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患儿的雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)与促卵泡生成素(FSH)均低于治疗前(P<0.05),但2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患儿的骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID)与Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端肽(PINP)水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05),但2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组中不良反应发生率为5.56%低于对照组的25.00%(P<0.05)。结论不同剂量醋酸曲普瑞林在特发性中枢性性早熟患儿中的应用均可取得显著效果,可有效改善其发育指标、性激素及骨代谢指标,但低剂量醋酸曲普瑞林在安全性方面更具优势。