Evaluation of regional water resources carrying capacity based on binary index method and reduction index method

Based on the regional water resources carrying capacity(WRCC)evaluation principles and evaluation index system in the National Technical Outline of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Monitoring and Early Warning(hereafter referred to as the Technical Outline),this paper elaborates on the collection and sorting of the basic data of water resources conditions,water resources development and utilization status,social and economic development in basins,analysis and examination of integrity,consistency,normativeness,and rationality of the basic data,and the necessity of WRCC evaluation.This paper also describes the technique of evaluating the WRCC in prefecture-level cities and city-level administrative divisions in the District of the Taihu Lake Basin,which is composed of the Taihu Lake Basin and the Southeastern River Basin.The evaluation process combines the binary index evaluation method and reduction index evaluation method.The former,recommended by the Technical Outline,uses the total water use and the amount of exploited groundwater as evaluation indices,showing stronger operability,while the latter is developed by simplifying and optimizing the comprehensive index system with greater systematicness and completeness.The mutual validation and adjustment of the results of the above-mentioned two evaluation methods indicate that the WRCC of the District of the Taihu Lake Basin is overloaded in general because some prefecture-level cities and city-level administrative divisions in the Taihu Lake Basin and the Southeastern River Basin are in a severely overloaded state.In order to explain this conclusion,this paper analyzes the causes of WRCC overloading from the aspects of basin water environment,water resources development and utilization,water resources regulation and control ability,water resources utilization efficiency,and water resources management.

Evaluation of Natural Ecological Environment in Guangzhou City Based on Remote Sensing Technology and Comprehensive Index Method

Based on the ETM remote sensing images of Guangzhou City in 2014, the spatial distribution results o f three environmental factors including vegetation coverage(NDVI), soil index(vegetation index of bare soil) and sl ope were obtained. By using comprehensive index method, the normalized environmental factors were weighted and superimposed, and the fi nal evaluation results of ecological environment in Guangzhou City were obtained. The results showed that overall situation of natural ecological environment in Guangzhou was not optimistic, that is, the area of land with bad, moderate, good and superior environment accounted for 59.70%, 35.79%, 4.50% and around 0.01% of total area of land in Guangzhou City respectively. Ecological environment was generally poor in the central urban districts in the south of Guangzhou City, while it was relatively better in the north and northeast. Attaching importance to the constr uction of greenbelts and greenways is an effective way to improve regional environmental quality and natural ecological e nvironment level.

A Double-Index Method to Classify Kuroshio Intrusion Paths in the Luzon Strait

A double index （DI）, which is made up of two sub-indices, is proposed to describe the spatial patterns of the Kuroshio intrusion and mesoscale eddies west to the Luzon Strait, based on satellite altimeter data. The area-integrated negative and positive geostrophic vorticities are defined as the Kuroshio warm eddy index （KWI） and the Kuroshio cold eddy index （KCI）, respectively. Three typical spatial patterns are identified by the DI： the Kuroshio warm eddy path （KWEP）, the Kuroshio cold eddy path （KCEP）, and the leaking path. The primary features of the DI and three patterns are further investigated and compared with previous indices. The effects of the integrated area and the algorithm of the integration are investigated in detail. In general, the DI can overcome the problem of previously used indices in which the positive and negative geostrophic vorticities cancel each other out. Thus, the proportions of missing and misjudged events are greatly reduced using the DI. The DI, as compared with previously used indices, can better distinguish the paths of the Kuroshio intrusion and can be used for further research.

Method of Estimating Human Error Probabilities in Construction for Structural Reliability Analysis Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Failure Likelihood Index Method

Human error(HE) is the most important factor influencing on structural safety because its effect often exceeds the random deviation.Large numbers of facts have shown that structural failures may be caused by the gross error due to HE.So it is essential to analyze HE in construction.The crucial work of human error analysis(HEA) is the estimation of human error probability(HEP) in construction.The method for estimating HEP,analytic hierarchy process and failure likelihood index method(AHP-FLIM),is introduced in this paper.The method also uses the process of expert judgment within the failure likelihood index method(FLIM).A numerical example shows the effectiveness of the methods proposed.

Parameter analysis of a photonic crystal fiber with raised-core index profile based on effective index method

Photonic crystal fibers （PCFs） with a stepped raised-core profile and one layer equally spaced holes in the cladding are analyzed. Using effective index method and considering a raised step refractive index difference between the index of the core and the effective index of the cladding, we improve the characteristic parameters such as numerical aperture and V-parameter, and reduce its bending loss to about one tenth of a conventional PCF. Implementing such a structure in PCFs may be one step forward to achieve low loss PCFs for communication applications.

Determination of Fructose and Glucose Contents in Honey by Liquid Chromatography-refractive Index Detection Method and Direct Titration Method

In this study, fructose and glucose contents in honey were determined by liquid chromatography-refractive index detection method and alkaline copper tartrate solution-direct titration method. According to the results, there were great differences between determination results of reducing sugar contents by liquid chromatography-refractive index detection method and alkaline copper tartrate solution-direct titration method. Specifically, average determination results of reducing sugar contents by liquid chromatography-refractive index detection method were reduced by about 9.5% compared with alkaline copper tartrate solution-direct titra- tion method. Subsequently, determination results of reducing sugar contents by two methods were compared and analyzed. Liquid chromatography-refractive index detection method was used to determine fructose and glucose monomers in honey, but alkaline copper tartrate solution-direct titration method was used to determine reducing sugar composition in honey, which might lead to significantly different results. Due to small sample size and limited conditions, the determination results were not necessarily representative. Bee product acquisition and processing enterprises and relevant departments should pay much attention on these issues and fully consider the current situation of grass-roots units to develop scientific, rigorous, simple, universal, convenient, low-cost and practicable standards, thus ensuring the safety and reliability of food quality.

Construction of the First Certification Evaluation Index System for Diabetes Specialist Nurses by Delphi Method

Objective: To establish an evaluation index system for the first-time certification of diabetes specialist nurses in line with the clinical nursing practice in China, and to provide a reference basis for government administrations and hospitals to formulate unified standards. Methods: After the research team has determined the theme, it will consult the development of A) specialist nursing through the library, Internet and electronic literature database;B) the history of the development of specialist nurses in diabetes and other fields;C) the selection criteria of specialist nurses;D) the training of specialist nurses system, assessment method;E) Specialist nurse certification body, evaluation standards and certification standards and other related documents, literature, books and report materials. The author established the preliminary index system through literature review, specialist interview and group discussion and used Delphi method to organize three rounds of 30 experts’ consultations. Results: A first certification evaluation index system including 8 fundamental indicators, 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 99 third-level indicators was constructed for diabetes nurses. Conclusion: The results of three rounds of expert consultation and demonstration are reliable, and the constructed index system is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of diabetes specialist nurses, which provides a basis for the effective management of nursing resources.

Comparison of delay compensation methods for real-time hybrid simulation using frequency-domain evaluation index

The delay compensation method plays an essential role in maintaining the stability and achieving accurate real-time hybrid simulation results. The effectiveness of various compensation methods in different test scenarios, however, needs to be quantitatively evaluated. In this study, four compensation methods （i.e., the polynomial extrapolation, the linear acceleration extrapolation, the inverse compensation and the adaptive inverse compensation） are selected and compared experimentally using a frequency evaluation index （FEI） method. The effectiveness of the FEI method is first verified through comparison with the discrete transfer fimction approach for compensation methods assuming constant delay. Incomparable advantage is further demonstrated for the FEI method when applied to adaptive compensation methods, where the discrete transfer function approach is difficult to implement. Both numerical simulation and laboratory tests with predefined displacements are conducted using sinusoidal signals and random signals as inputs. Findings from numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the FEI method is an efficient and effective approach to compare the performance of different compensation methods, especially for those requiring adaptation of compensation parameters.

The study of coal mine equipment’s comprehensive evaluation index system and evaluation method

Equipment management is one of the important parts of business administra- tion of coal. Most of coal mines take no account of their equipment management, and have no comprehensive and effective evaluation index system. Based on the analysis of the equipment evaluation measures of reform and the applications, the paper built up a comprehensive and effective evaluation index system of coal mine equipment, and im- proved the evaluation method with the use of fuzzy theory, analytic hierarchy process and entropy method.

A Method for Determining the Reliability Index of a Materiel Subsystem

This paper presents a method for determining the reliability index of a subsystem in the materiel demonstration phase-AHP Failure Rate Method. It fully considers the various factors which influence a subsystem reliability index and solves a difficult problem that puzzles the demonstration personnel.

Kind of Fuzzy Method Determining Index Weight on Multi-Objctive Decision Making

Based on fuzzy characteristic of dicision-making thought, matrix of priority relation has been introduced and blurrized. A kind of fuzzy method, which is to determine the index weight on multi-objective decision making, has been put forward by means of the sequence root method for analysis of hierarchical process (AHP). Using this method an example which is to define the index weigbt on multi-objective decision making in thc scheme optimization of mine design has been given.

Research on the statistics index system and evaluation method of high and new technology industry development

During the evolution of the global economic, high and new technology industry has become the main driver to impel the global economy growth via technological advancement, and the main means to guarantee the sustainable development of the global economy. In the view of China’s situation, this article analyzes the experiences of OECD in high and new technology industry and gives a statistics index system along with the evaluation method to estimate the development of high and new technology industry.

A sludge volume index (SVI) model based on the multivariate local quadratic polynomial regression method

In this study, a multivariate local quadratic polynomial regression(MLQPR) method is proposed to design a model for the sludge volume index(SVI). In MLQPR, a quadratic polynomial regression function is established to describe the relationship between SVI and the relative variables, and the important terms of the quadratic polynomial regression function are determined by the significant test of the corresponding coefficients. Moreover, a local estimation method is introduced to adjust the weights of the quadratic polynomial regression function to improve the model accuracy. Finally, the proposed method is applied to predict the SVI values in a real wastewater treatment process(WWTP). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MLQPR method has faster testing speed and more accurate results than some existing methods.

基于FAST和Sobol指数法的雷达系统效能敏感性分析

为了以较小的代价快速提升对空探测雷达系统的综合效能,首先搭建了对空探测雷达系统综合效能的评估指标体系,在此基础上完成了综合效能评估模型的建立。选择两种基于方差原理的全局敏感性分析方法,即傅里叶幅度敏感性测试(Fourier amplitudes sensitivity test,FAST)和Sobol指数法,分别从频域和时域对建立的评估模型进行敏感性分析。在基于FAST进行敏感性分析时,提出了21维输入指标所对应的特征频率集的选取方法;在基于Sobol指数法进行敏感性分析时,考虑了二阶及高阶敏感性指数的影响。对比FAST和Sobol指数法的分析结果,两种方法获得的敏感性分析结果具有较好的一致性。其中,功率和频率为对空探测雷达系统的主要影响指标,为雷达系统的研发和升级提供了可靠性依据。

基于统计的语音传输指数预测方法实验对比

良好的言语可懂度是语言声厅堂声环境设计的重要目标,语音传输指数(STI)是言语可懂度的客观评价参量。在设计阶段就能对STI做出准确预测,对语言声厅堂的声环境控制具有重要意义。基于统计的STI预测方法是IEC 60268-16标准推荐的主要预测方法,但对于使用该方法时的影响因素以及预测精度,当前仍缺少系统性的实验对比研究。该文使用4个房间中13个测点共52种听音条件下的STI实测结果,分析了基于统计的STI预测方法的精度以及影响因素,结果表明:考虑和不考虑直达声的两种预测方法,都存在着系统偏差,预测结果普遍小于实测值;在距离声源较近测点的预测都产生了较大误差,在距离声源较远测点的预测误差相对较小;基于单指数衰变声场不考虑直达声的预测方法操作简单,但误差较大,52种听音条件的平均误差达到了-0.032,最大误差达到了-0.131;考虑直达声的预测方法误差相对较小,52种听音条件的STI平均误差为-0.018,最大误差为-0.080;预测精度主要受所使用的信噪比、扬声器的指向性、房间的声场条件等因素影响,并对这些因素的影响进行了对比分析。结果可为STI预测方法的使用者提供参考。

物有所值视角下工程招投标评定分离定标办法

直接抽签定标法、票决定标法及票决低价定标法等定标办法均没有综合考虑定标候选人报价和综合得分,择优竞价性相对较差.基于物有所值(VFM)理论创新性地提出了票决指数法。对我国评定分离办法试点情况进行梳理,基于VFM理论构建票决指数法的初步模型和最合适区域模型,对比分析票决指数法与其他票决办法。结果表明:票决指数法是一种科学有效的评定分离定标办法,可为招标人更科学择优竞价定标提供一定的理论指导。

干旱指数法综合评价河南烤烟新品种抗旱性

以中烟100、云烟87和NC89为对照品种,采用PEG(聚乙二醇)模拟干旱试验,结合盆栽控水试验研究干旱胁迫对河南省烤烟新品种的影响,采用干旱指数法综合评价新品种的抗旱性。结果表明,河洛1号抗旱性最强;其次是豫浓香201,在中度干旱胁迫条件下抗旱性较强,重度干旱则影响烟叶正常生长;渠首1号抗旱性与对照品种NC89、中烟100和云烟87基本相当。

北方寒冷地区交通碳排放驱动因素分析

北方地区气候寒冷,交通工具燃油效率低、车内加热需求增加及路面积雪结冰等复杂道路条件导致交通碳排放增加。因此,有必要针对寒冷地区的交通碳排放驱动因素进行分析,识别关键因素,并有针对性地降低碳排放。以典型北方寒冷地区黑龙江省为例,采用Tapio脱钩测度模型及GDIM因素分解法对2006—2021年黑龙江省交通行业碳排放驱动因素展开分析,分解得到8个驱动因素并发现其脱钩状态呈现“强脱钩-扩张负脱钩-强脱钩”,其中交通产值碳强度和单位交通行业产值的能耗促进脱钩,交通行业总产值和总周转量阻碍脱钩;另外交通行业总产值、能源消耗量对碳排放有较强的促进作用,交通产值碳强度和单位交通行业产值的能耗对碳排放有较强的抑制作用。

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

固体颗粒润湿性评价新方法

润湿性不仅控制着疏松砂岩储层中流体的流动和分布,而且影响微粒运移,因此对固体颗粒表面润湿性的准确评价直接关系到储层微粒润湿性的有效调控,对储层微粒运移损害的防治具有重要意义。但现有的评价方法主要针对固体平面厘米以上的宏观尺度,无法准确评价疏松砂岩储层中毫微米尺度的泥砂颗粒的表面润湿性。该文结合活化指数法和接触角测量法,提出了适用于颗粒润湿性评价的新参数——颗粒润湿指数R,建立了一套适用于毫微米尺度的固体颗粒润湿性评价新方法,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该评价方法可以更准确地评价泥砂颗粒的润湿性,测试程序简单,数据处理方便,适用范围广泛,为固体颗粒润湿性的评价与应用技术提供了新手段。