Source apportionment studies of TSP (atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 100 μm) and PM10 (atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm) have revealed that soil dus...Source apportionment studies of TSP (atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 100 μm) and PM10 (atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm) have revealed that soil dust is an important source of these particulates in China. In this study, the contamination of soil dust was assessed through the use of a geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The mass concentration profiles of 17 elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Ba, and Pb) were established for urban soil dusts. Geochemical compositions of soils from 15 cities were used to represent background urban soil compositions. The results of this study indicated that a number of cities are severely polluted by particulates containing Ca, Cr, Ni, and Cu in both size fractions (TSP and PM10). Contamination with Zn, Pb, Co, and Br was moderate to severe (Igeo 〉 2). The Al and Fe concentrations were not high enough for them to be considered contaminants.展开更多
Soil characterization and heavy metals in different layers (0 - 15 cm;15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm depth) of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The soils showed remarkably high levels of all the metals above b...Soil characterization and heavy metals in different layers (0 - 15 cm;15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm depth) of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The soils showed remarkably high levels of all the metals above background concentrations with most (Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr and Cd) decreasing with soil depth. The distribution pattern were in the following order Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Across all the sampling locations and profiles, Fe and Cd showed the highest (476.4 μg·g-1) and least (37.5 μg·g-1) mean concentrations respectively. Pollution load index (PLI) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) revealed overall high and moderate contamination respectively but the enrichment factors (EFs) for Pb Ni and Cd are severe. The inter-element relationship revealed the identical source of elements in the soils of the studied area. The accuracy of the results has been cheeked using the standard reference material;SRM (PACS-2). The mechanic waste dumps represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to environment. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threat to both surface and groundwater.展开更多
Surface sedimental samples were collected from(1)Le An River in Jiangxi Province, south of China,and(2)several lakes located in southwest of Germany.Concentrations of heavy metals in these samples were determined.More...Surface sedimental samples were collected from(1)Le An River in Jiangxi Province, south of China,and(2)several lakes located in southwest of Germany.Concentrations of heavy metals in these samples were determined.Moreover,the situations of heavy metal pollution in two regions were comprehensively assessed by combined index of geoaccumulation with visualized multi- variate graphical method——modified Chernoff Face Graph.Face graphs intuitively demonstrated strong heavy metal contamination in Le An River,especially copper pollution.However,in lakes' sedimental samples,contamination of other heavy metals showed mild or clean except cadmium and chromium.展开更多
To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and correspo...To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use patterns.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs.Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts.Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect.The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg.The I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo.Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil.Noncarcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden plot.However,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area.The TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low level.Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.展开更多
Gold mining is now widely acknowledged as one of the significant sources of soil pollution in developed countries. In developing countries, the sources and levels of soil contamination have not been thoroughly address...Gold mining is now widely acknowledged as one of the significant sources of soil pollution in developed countries. In developing countries, the sources and levels of soil contamination have not been thoroughly addressed. Thus, this study was intended to determine the source of soil pollution and the level of contamination in the active and closed gold mining areas. The research paper presents the pollution load of heavy metals (lead-Pb, chromium-Cr, cadmium-Cd, copper-Cu, arsenic-As, manganese-Mn, and nickel-Ni) in 90 soil samples collected from the studied sites. Multivariate statistical analysis, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, was performed to determine the possible sources of pollution in the study areas. The results indicated that Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn come from different sources than Cd, As and Ni. The results obtained from the metal pollution assessment using the Pollution Index (PI) and the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) confirmed that soils in the mining areas were contaminated in the range from moderately through strongly to highly contaminated soils. This study verified that soil contamination in the gold mining areas results from natural and anthropogenic processes. The current study findings would enhance our knowledge regarding the soil contamination level in the mining areas and the source of contamination. It is recommended to use PCA, CA, PI and Igeo to assess and monitor the heavy metal contaminated soil in gold mining areas.展开更多
In Tunisia,water scarcity is only adding pressure on water demand in agriculture.In the context of sustainable development goals,Tunisia has been reusing treated wastewater(TWW)as a renewable and inexpensive source fo...In Tunisia,water scarcity is only adding pressure on water demand in agriculture.In the context of sustainable development goals,Tunisia has been reusing treated wastewater(TWW)as a renewable and inexpensive source for soil fertigation and groundwater(GW)recharge.However,major risks can be expected when the irrigation water is of poor quality.This study aims for evaluating the potential risk of TWW and GW irrigation on soil parameters.Accordingly,we evaluated the suitability of water quality through the analysis of major and minor cations and anions,metallic trace elements(MTEs),and the sodium hazard by using the sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)and the soluble sodium percentage(SSP).The risk of soil sodicity was further assessed by SAR and the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The degree of soil pollution caused by MTEs accumulation was evaluated using geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and pollution load index(PLI).Soil maps were generated using inverse spline interpolation in ArcGIS software.The results show that both water samples(i.e.,TWW and GW)are suitable for soil irrigation in terms of salinity(electrical conductivity<7000μS/cm)and sodicity(SAR<10.00;SSP<60.00%).However,the contents of PO_(4)^(3-),Cu^(2+),and Cd^(2+)exceed the maximum threshold values set by the national and other standards.Concerning the soil samples,the average levels of SAR and ESP are within the standards(SAR<13.00;ESP<15.00%).On the other hand,PLI results reveal moderate pollution in the plot irrigated with TWW and no to moderate pollution in the plot irrigated with GW.Igeo results indicate that Cu^(2+)is the metallic trace element(MTE)with the highest risk of soil pollution in both plots(Igeo>5.00),followed by Ni^(2+)and Pb^(2+).Nevertheless,Cd^(2+)presents the lowest risk of soil pollution(Igeo<0.00).Statistical data indicates that Ca^(2+),Na+,Ni^(2+),and Pb^(2+)are highly distributed in both plots(coefficient of variation>50.0%).This study shows that the use of imagery tools,such as ArcGIS,can provide important information for evaluating the current status of soil fertility or pollution and for better managing soil irrigation with TWW.展开更多
A total of 52 soil samples of Hohhot City were collected and four heavy metals and eight organochlorine pesticides were analyzed. The results showed that Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in soil were in range of 20.54 - 48.15 mg/kg...A total of 52 soil samples of Hohhot City were collected and four heavy metals and eight organochlorine pesticides were analyzed. The results showed that Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in soil were in range of 20.54 - 48.15 mg/kg, 40.10 - 94.60 mg/kg, 35.14 - 110.48 mg/kg, 38.86g - 245.36 mg/kg, with a mean value of 37.24 mg/kg, 60.76 mg/kg, 80.49 mg/kg, and 145.99 mg/kg, respectively. The high degree of variation of Pb, Zn, and Cu, reflected that the heavy metals were mainly interfered by human factors. The content values of ∑DDTs ranged from 5.01 ng/g to 105.08 ng/g with a mean of 36.94 ng/g, while the ∑HCHs ranged from 6.52 ng/g to 48.65 ng/g with an average of 23.29 ng/g, indicated that DDTs were highly used than HCHs in the study area. The relatively low α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio and relatively high o,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDT ratio indicated the application of lindane and dicofol on regional agricultural soil. The mean Igeo values was Pb (2.9) > Cu (1.5) > Cr (-0.31) > Zn (-0.35), revealing that the soil in Hohhot City was not polluted by Cr and Zn (Igeo 0), moderate polluted by Cu (1 Igeo 2), moderate to heavy pollution by Pb (2 Igeo 3). The range of potential ecological risk index of metals was from 35.02 to 132.96, indicating low to moderate potential ecological risk. HCHs in all soil samples were less than 50 ng/g, which could be considered as unpolluted, while DDTs in several samples were between 50 and 500 ng/g, which could be regarded as having low pollution.展开更多
This study focused on the concentration change of heavy metals of sediment cores in heavily polluted north area and less polluted middle area of Fuxian Lake in Southwest China.On the basis of the analysis of Cu,Ni,Ti,...This study focused on the concentration change of heavy metals of sediment cores in heavily polluted north area and less polluted middle area of Fuxian Lake in Southwest China.On the basis of the analysis of Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Cd,and Zn concentration-depth profiles,the pollution history of heavy metals was studied using 137cesium(137Cs) dating.The sources of heavy metals were distinguished by normalization of their profiles to aluminum and analysis of heavy metal concentrations of potential source materials.Geoaccumulation index(Igeo) was used to quantify their contamination intensity.The results showed that all the heavy metals found in the Fuxian Lake sediments originated naturally before 1980s.Cu,Ni,Ti,and V were still mainly natural in the north lake after 1980s,Cu,Ni,Ti,V,and Pb were mainly natural in the middle lake at all time,but the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the north lake were influenced by industrial wastes from the phosphorus fertilizer factory and cement plants.In all the lake,the contaminations of Cd and Zn were the results of agricultural cultivation using a large amount of fertilizers and the atmospheric fallouts of dusts from cement plants.At present,the geoaccumulation indices showed that the Fuxian Lake sediments were moderately to strongly polluted by Cd in the middle lake,and unpolluted to moderately polluted by Pb and Zn and strongly polluted by Cd in the north lake.Moreover,the pollution intensities of Cd,Zn,and Pb have been increased since 1980s.展开更多
Daba Mountain area is one of the two endemic selenosis areas in China,which may relate with the environmental behaviors of selenium (Se) in soil.This study focuses on the concentraion and distribution of Se and its re...Daba Mountain area is one of the two endemic selenosis areas in China,which may relate with the environmental behaviors of selenium (Se) in soil.This study focuses on the concentraion and distribution of Se and its relationships with some other elements in natural soil in the area.The average concentration of Se in Daba Mountain soils was 14.3 times higher than the value cited for natural soil background worldwide,suggesting that soils in the region were contaminated by the element.The finding was confirmed...展开更多
The geochemical baseline is the fundamental reference for environmental change and assessment.In this article we describe cluster and regression analyses with a normalization procedure.The elements Sc and Ag were chos...The geochemical baseline is the fundamental reference for environmental change and assessment.In this article we describe cluster and regression analyses with a normalization procedure.The elements Sc and Ag were chosen to calculate the environmental geochemical baseline.The geoaccumulation index was calculated and mapped to indicate the environmental quality of the soil.The results show that the urban areas are barely polluted with Ni and Cr but the rural areas in the southern part of the city, and the western part of the lake,are polluted with Ni,Cr,and Cu at the second level.On the other hand,the rural areas in the southern part of the city,and the western part of the lake,are polluted with As at a moderate level.The other area is polluted at the second level.An increase in As pollution occurs in a direction from northeast to southwest.The Cd pollution follows a trend similar to As,with an additional smaller contaminated area polluted at levelⅢ.The Hg pollution typical of urban areas occurs in the main and northern parts of the city.The geochemical accumulation index decreases from the city center to the periphery.The highest pollution level reaches levelⅣ,which indicates that the soil is seriously polluted with Hg.The southern part of the city and the rural areas to the west of the lake are not contaminated with Hg.Geological factors and the disturbance from human activities are both possible major factors:further research is needed to identify them.展开更多
The heavy metal pollution caused by human activities in river system has become a topic of great concern to multidisciplinary research.Recently,as the economic booming and industrial development,more and more waste is...The heavy metal pollution caused by human activities in river system has become a topic of great concern to multidisciplinary research.Recently,as the economic booming and industrial development,more and more waste is charging into the river and lake in different ways,which would induce serious environmental problem.In this research,the Poyang Lake was selected as the research area,the content,展开更多
The occurrence and accumulation of total mercury (T-Hg) in sediments collected from the Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB),the Lhasa River,the Niyang River and the Palongzangbu River were analyzed and the soil samples simult...The occurrence and accumulation of total mercury (T-Hg) in sediments collected from the Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB),the Lhasa River,the Niyang River and the Palongzangbu River were analyzed and the soil samples simultaneously collected from the bank were employed as control.Meanwhile,pollution status and potential ecological risk of Hg were calculated and assessed using index of geoaccumulation ( I geo ) and potential ecological risk assessment method (Er) in this study.The results showed that the T-Hg concentrations in sediments at eight sections of YLZB ranged from 4.23 to 48.1 μg/kg with mean concentration of 25.1 μg/kg,which was higher than background Hg value of soils in Tibet.T-Hg concentrations in sediments at three typical segments of YLZB were all significantly higher than those in soils collected from its bank (P<0.05).The Igeo and E r indexes revealed that the T-Hg pollution levels were slight pollution in two sections and moderate ecological risk in six sections of YLZB.Hg pollution risks also existed in the sediments of partial sections of the Lhasa River and the Niyang River,and slightly moderate Hg contamination with high ecological risk was presented in Lhasa urban district.The level of Hg in sediments of YLZB showed a notable spatial distribution characteristic with a trend of increasing firstly and then declining.Human activities played an important role in increasing Hg content in sediments of the river.展开更多
The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Lake Junin National Reserve was evaluated using the pollution factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), duri...The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Lake Junin National Reserve was evaluated using the pollution factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), during 2018. Surface sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling sites, with three repetitions, during the rainy and dry seasons. The heavy metals determined were Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Zn;As, was also determined. The results revealed the descending order of Fe > Cu > Zn > As > Pb > Cd > Cr concentrations recorded in the three sampling sectors. The values of the CF obtained for the metals qualified as low CF, in times of rain and low water. The CF values of Cd were qualified as moderate contamination factors at all sampling sites, except at LJ1 where it qualified as CF considerable. The PLI for Lake Junin ranged from 0.0721 to 0.3260. The Igeo obtained indicated that the sampling sites are not contaminated by the heavy metals under study. Therefore, the mean values for heavy metals and As did not exceed the reference values and sediment quality guidelines. In general terms, CF, PLI and Igeo indicate that there is no appreciable contamination by these metals in Lake Junin;except for Cd.展开更多
The pollution characteristics of Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni and Hg in agricultural soil around coal mining area were studied. After longterm mining activity,the soil around mining area was polluted by 6 elements to different degr...The pollution characteristics of Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni and Hg in agricultural soil around coal mining area were studied. After longterm mining activity,the soil around mining area was polluted by 6 elements to different degrees. Especially for Cd,its concentration was 3. 2times that of the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard Ⅱ. The values suggest that the contamination degree from strong to weak in soil is in the order of Hg > Cu > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cd. BCR sequential extraction results show that the order of average percentage about weak acid soluble fraction( F1) is that Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu > Hg > Cr,the order of 6 heavy metals available fraction( F1 + F2 + F3) is that Cu( 56. 89) > Cd( 50. 95) > Ni( 41. 52) > Zn( 35. 06) > Hg( 23. 04) > Cr( 4. 88). The RAC results indicate that soils were in a moderate potential ecological risk by pollution of Cd,and at the same time,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg should be noted.展开更多
This study is performed to know the contamination level of heavy metals on the surrounding agricultural soils at the site of Barapukuria Coal Mine Company Limited (BCMCL). Total concentrations of eight heavy metals (C...This study is performed to know the contamination level of heavy metals on the surrounding agricultural soils at the site of Barapukuria Coal Mine Company Limited (BCMCL). Total concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni and Mn) were measured in that soil. To calculate the contamination level, the enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) and Hakanson potential ecological risk index were done. I<sub>geo</sub> values indicated that the study areas at all stations were suffering from moderate contamination with As. The results of enrichment factor revealed that soils in all stations were in extremely high enrichment condition by As metal. Under Hakanson potential ecological risk index, the contamination coefficient () and potential ecological risk index () were calculated. The degree of contamination at BCMCL area reflects moderate contamination. By considering the ecological risk index of a particular heavy metal, the order is as follows: Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn and Cd has the highest risk index and poses the greatest damage to the BCMCL area’s soil. EF, I<sub>geo</sub> values and potential ecological risk index indicate that there is considerable As and Cd pollution, mainly caused by coal mine drainage water.展开更多
文摘Source apportionment studies of TSP (atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 100 μm) and PM10 (atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm) have revealed that soil dust is an important source of these particulates in China. In this study, the contamination of soil dust was assessed through the use of a geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The mass concentration profiles of 17 elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Ba, and Pb) were established for urban soil dusts. Geochemical compositions of soils from 15 cities were used to represent background urban soil compositions. The results of this study indicated that a number of cities are severely polluted by particulates containing Ca, Cr, Ni, and Cu in both size fractions (TSP and PM10). Contamination with Zn, Pb, Co, and Br was moderate to severe (Igeo 〉 2). The Al and Fe concentrations were not high enough for them to be considered contaminants.
文摘Soil characterization and heavy metals in different layers (0 - 15 cm;15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm depth) of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The soils showed remarkably high levels of all the metals above background concentrations with most (Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr and Cd) decreasing with soil depth. The distribution pattern were in the following order Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Across all the sampling locations and profiles, Fe and Cd showed the highest (476.4 μg·g-1) and least (37.5 μg·g-1) mean concentrations respectively. Pollution load index (PLI) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) revealed overall high and moderate contamination respectively but the enrichment factors (EFs) for Pb Ni and Cd are severe. The inter-element relationship revealed the identical source of elements in the soils of the studied area. The accuracy of the results has been cheeked using the standard reference material;SRM (PACS-2). The mechanic waste dumps represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to environment. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threat to both surface and groundwater.
文摘Surface sedimental samples were collected from(1)Le An River in Jiangxi Province, south of China,and(2)several lakes located in southwest of Germany.Concentrations of heavy metals in these samples were determined.Moreover,the situations of heavy metal pollution in two regions were comprehensively assessed by combined index of geoaccumulation with visualized multi- variate graphical method——modified Chernoff Face Graph.Face graphs intuitively demonstrated strong heavy metal contamination in Le An River,especially copper pollution.However,in lakes' sedimental samples,contamination of other heavy metals showed mild or clean except cadmium and chromium.
基金supported by Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements(No.2023KFKTB001)the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101800)+2 种基金the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of IGGE(AS2023D01)the projects of the China Geological Survey(DD20230309 and DD20190305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42002105)。
文摘To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use patterns.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs.Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts.Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect.The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg.The I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo.Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil.Noncarcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden plot.However,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area.The TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low level.Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.
文摘Gold mining is now widely acknowledged as one of the significant sources of soil pollution in developed countries. In developing countries, the sources and levels of soil contamination have not been thoroughly addressed. Thus, this study was intended to determine the source of soil pollution and the level of contamination in the active and closed gold mining areas. The research paper presents the pollution load of heavy metals (lead-Pb, chromium-Cr, cadmium-Cd, copper-Cu, arsenic-As, manganese-Mn, and nickel-Ni) in 90 soil samples collected from the studied sites. Multivariate statistical analysis, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, was performed to determine the possible sources of pollution in the study areas. The results indicated that Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn come from different sources than Cd, As and Ni. The results obtained from the metal pollution assessment using the Pollution Index (PI) and the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) confirmed that soils in the mining areas were contaminated in the range from moderately through strongly to highly contaminated soils. This study verified that soil contamination in the gold mining areas results from natural and anthropogenic processes. The current study findings would enhance our knowledge regarding the soil contamination level in the mining areas and the source of contamination. It is recommended to use PCA, CA, PI and Igeo to assess and monitor the heavy metal contaminated soil in gold mining areas.
文摘In Tunisia,water scarcity is only adding pressure on water demand in agriculture.In the context of sustainable development goals,Tunisia has been reusing treated wastewater(TWW)as a renewable and inexpensive source for soil fertigation and groundwater(GW)recharge.However,major risks can be expected when the irrigation water is of poor quality.This study aims for evaluating the potential risk of TWW and GW irrigation on soil parameters.Accordingly,we evaluated the suitability of water quality through the analysis of major and minor cations and anions,metallic trace elements(MTEs),and the sodium hazard by using the sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)and the soluble sodium percentage(SSP).The risk of soil sodicity was further assessed by SAR and the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The degree of soil pollution caused by MTEs accumulation was evaluated using geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and pollution load index(PLI).Soil maps were generated using inverse spline interpolation in ArcGIS software.The results show that both water samples(i.e.,TWW and GW)are suitable for soil irrigation in terms of salinity(electrical conductivity<7000μS/cm)and sodicity(SAR<10.00;SSP<60.00%).However,the contents of PO_(4)^(3-),Cu^(2+),and Cd^(2+)exceed the maximum threshold values set by the national and other standards.Concerning the soil samples,the average levels of SAR and ESP are within the standards(SAR<13.00;ESP<15.00%).On the other hand,PLI results reveal moderate pollution in the plot irrigated with TWW and no to moderate pollution in the plot irrigated with GW.Igeo results indicate that Cu^(2+)is the metallic trace element(MTE)with the highest risk of soil pollution in both plots(Igeo>5.00),followed by Ni^(2+)and Pb^(2+).Nevertheless,Cd^(2+)presents the lowest risk of soil pollution(Igeo<0.00).Statistical data indicates that Ca^(2+),Na+,Ni^(2+),and Pb^(2+)are highly distributed in both plots(coefficient of variation>50.0%).This study shows that the use of imagery tools,such as ArcGIS,can provide important information for evaluating the current status of soil fertility or pollution and for better managing soil irrigation with TWW.
文摘A total of 52 soil samples of Hohhot City were collected and four heavy metals and eight organochlorine pesticides were analyzed. The results showed that Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in soil were in range of 20.54 - 48.15 mg/kg, 40.10 - 94.60 mg/kg, 35.14 - 110.48 mg/kg, 38.86g - 245.36 mg/kg, with a mean value of 37.24 mg/kg, 60.76 mg/kg, 80.49 mg/kg, and 145.99 mg/kg, respectively. The high degree of variation of Pb, Zn, and Cu, reflected that the heavy metals were mainly interfered by human factors. The content values of ∑DDTs ranged from 5.01 ng/g to 105.08 ng/g with a mean of 36.94 ng/g, while the ∑HCHs ranged from 6.52 ng/g to 48.65 ng/g with an average of 23.29 ng/g, indicated that DDTs were highly used than HCHs in the study area. The relatively low α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio and relatively high o,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDT ratio indicated the application of lindane and dicofol on regional agricultural soil. The mean Igeo values was Pb (2.9) > Cu (1.5) > Cr (-0.31) > Zn (-0.35), revealing that the soil in Hohhot City was not polluted by Cr and Zn (Igeo 0), moderate polluted by Cu (1 Igeo 2), moderate to heavy pollution by Pb (2 Igeo 3). The range of potential ecological risk index of metals was from 35.02 to 132.96, indicating low to moderate potential ecological risk. HCHs in all soil samples were less than 50 ng/g, which could be considered as unpolluted, while DDTs in several samples were between 50 and 500 ng/g, which could be regarded as having low pollution.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (Nos.2008CB418005 and 2004CB720200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40273004)
文摘This study focused on the concentration change of heavy metals of sediment cores in heavily polluted north area and less polluted middle area of Fuxian Lake in Southwest China.On the basis of the analysis of Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Cd,and Zn concentration-depth profiles,the pollution history of heavy metals was studied using 137cesium(137Cs) dating.The sources of heavy metals were distinguished by normalization of their profiles to aluminum and analysis of heavy metal concentrations of potential source materials.Geoaccumulation index(Igeo) was used to quantify their contamination intensity.The results showed that all the heavy metals found in the Fuxian Lake sediments originated naturally before 1980s.Cu,Ni,Ti,and V were still mainly natural in the north lake after 1980s,Cu,Ni,Ti,V,and Pb were mainly natural in the middle lake at all time,but the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the north lake were influenced by industrial wastes from the phosphorus fertilizer factory and cement plants.In all the lake,the contaminations of Cd and Zn were the results of agricultural cultivation using a large amount of fertilizers and the atmospheric fallouts of dusts from cement plants.At present,the geoaccumulation indices showed that the Fuxian Lake sediments were moderately to strongly polluted by Cd in the middle lake,and unpolluted to moderately polluted by Pb and Zn and strongly polluted by Cd in the north lake.Moreover,the pollution intensities of Cd,Zn,and Pb have been increased since 1980s.
文摘Daba Mountain area is one of the two endemic selenosis areas in China,which may relate with the environmental behaviors of selenium (Se) in soil.This study focuses on the concentraion and distribution of Se and its relationships with some other elements in natural soil in the area.The average concentration of Se in Daba Mountain soils was 14.3 times higher than the value cited for natural soil background worldwide,suggesting that soils in the region were contaminated by the element.The finding was confirmed...
基金supported by the National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(No. 2009AA12Z147)the Postdoctorial Foundation of China(No.20090451339)+2 种基金the Postdoctorial Foundation of Shandong Province(No.200802013)Soft Science Project of Shandong Province(No.2007 RKA071)this research is also supported by Qingdao Economic & Technical Developing District Project (No.2008-2-26).
文摘The geochemical baseline is the fundamental reference for environmental change and assessment.In this article we describe cluster and regression analyses with a normalization procedure.The elements Sc and Ag were chosen to calculate the environmental geochemical baseline.The geoaccumulation index was calculated and mapped to indicate the environmental quality of the soil.The results show that the urban areas are barely polluted with Ni and Cr but the rural areas in the southern part of the city, and the western part of the lake,are polluted with Ni,Cr,and Cu at the second level.On the other hand,the rural areas in the southern part of the city,and the western part of the lake,are polluted with As at a moderate level.The other area is polluted at the second level.An increase in As pollution occurs in a direction from northeast to southwest.The Cd pollution follows a trend similar to As,with an additional smaller contaminated area polluted at levelⅢ.The Hg pollution typical of urban areas occurs in the main and northern parts of the city.The geochemical accumulation index decreases from the city center to the periphery.The highest pollution level reaches levelⅣ,which indicates that the soil is seriously polluted with Hg.The southern part of the city and the rural areas to the west of the lake are not contaminated with Hg.Geological factors and the disturbance from human activities are both possible major factors:further research is needed to identify them.
文摘The heavy metal pollution caused by human activities in river system has become a topic of great concern to multidisciplinary research.Recently,as the economic booming and industrial development,more and more waste is charging into the river and lake in different ways,which would induce serious environmental problem.In this research,the Poyang Lake was selected as the research area,the content,
基金Supported by Investigation on Fishery Resources and Environment in Key Waters of TibetSpecial Scientific Research Projects of Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)(201503108)
文摘The occurrence and accumulation of total mercury (T-Hg) in sediments collected from the Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB),the Lhasa River,the Niyang River and the Palongzangbu River were analyzed and the soil samples simultaneously collected from the bank were employed as control.Meanwhile,pollution status and potential ecological risk of Hg were calculated and assessed using index of geoaccumulation ( I geo ) and potential ecological risk assessment method (Er) in this study.The results showed that the T-Hg concentrations in sediments at eight sections of YLZB ranged from 4.23 to 48.1 μg/kg with mean concentration of 25.1 μg/kg,which was higher than background Hg value of soils in Tibet.T-Hg concentrations in sediments at three typical segments of YLZB were all significantly higher than those in soils collected from its bank (P<0.05).The Igeo and E r indexes revealed that the T-Hg pollution levels were slight pollution in two sections and moderate ecological risk in six sections of YLZB.Hg pollution risks also existed in the sediments of partial sections of the Lhasa River and the Niyang River,and slightly moderate Hg contamination with high ecological risk was presented in Lhasa urban district.The level of Hg in sediments of YLZB showed a notable spatial distribution characteristic with a trend of increasing firstly and then declining.Human activities played an important role in increasing Hg content in sediments of the river.
文摘The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Lake Junin National Reserve was evaluated using the pollution factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), during 2018. Surface sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling sites, with three repetitions, during the rainy and dry seasons. The heavy metals determined were Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Zn;As, was also determined. The results revealed the descending order of Fe > Cu > Zn > As > Pb > Cd > Cr concentrations recorded in the three sampling sectors. The values of the CF obtained for the metals qualified as low CF, in times of rain and low water. The CF values of Cd were qualified as moderate contamination factors at all sampling sites, except at LJ1 where it qualified as CF considerable. The PLI for Lake Junin ranged from 0.0721 to 0.3260. The Igeo obtained indicated that the sampling sites are not contaminated by the heavy metals under study. Therefore, the mean values for heavy metals and As did not exceed the reference values and sediment quality guidelines. In general terms, CF, PLI and Igeo indicate that there is no appreciable contamination by these metals in Lake Junin;except for Cd.
基金Supported by Project for Social Development of Guizhou Province(SY20103013)
文摘The pollution characteristics of Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni and Hg in agricultural soil around coal mining area were studied. After longterm mining activity,the soil around mining area was polluted by 6 elements to different degrees. Especially for Cd,its concentration was 3. 2times that of the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard Ⅱ. The values suggest that the contamination degree from strong to weak in soil is in the order of Hg > Cu > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cd. BCR sequential extraction results show that the order of average percentage about weak acid soluble fraction( F1) is that Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu > Hg > Cr,the order of 6 heavy metals available fraction( F1 + F2 + F3) is that Cu( 56. 89) > Cd( 50. 95) > Ni( 41. 52) > Zn( 35. 06) > Hg( 23. 04) > Cr( 4. 88). The RAC results indicate that soils were in a moderate potential ecological risk by pollution of Cd,and at the same time,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg should be noted.
文摘This study is performed to know the contamination level of heavy metals on the surrounding agricultural soils at the site of Barapukuria Coal Mine Company Limited (BCMCL). Total concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni and Mn) were measured in that soil. To calculate the contamination level, the enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) and Hakanson potential ecological risk index were done. I<sub>geo</sub> values indicated that the study areas at all stations were suffering from moderate contamination with As. The results of enrichment factor revealed that soils in all stations were in extremely high enrichment condition by As metal. Under Hakanson potential ecological risk index, the contamination coefficient () and potential ecological risk index () were calculated. The degree of contamination at BCMCL area reflects moderate contamination. By considering the ecological risk index of a particular heavy metal, the order is as follows: Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn and Cd has the highest risk index and poses the greatest damage to the BCMCL area’s soil. EF, I<sub>geo</sub> values and potential ecological risk index indicate that there is considerable As and Cd pollution, mainly caused by coal mine drainage water.