Integrated Analysis of Water Quality in Artificial Fishponds Using WQI and GIS in South-East Sierra Leone

Artificial fishponds play a pivotal role in global aquaculture, serving as a source of livelihood and nourishment for many communities. Ensuring the sustained health and productivity of Fishes in these environments relies heavily on water quality management. This assessment was done to determine the water quality of ten artificial fishponds in the south-eastern part of Sierra Leone using twelve physicochemical factors (pH, BOD, EC, TDS, turbidity, COD, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH3, , and alkalinity) to find out the Water Quality Index (WQI) and spatial distribution of respective parameters. The assessment of artificial fishponds using WQI and Inverse Distant Weighting (IDW) integration represents a relatively underexplored area within the domain of environmental water resources. The WQI was determined using the “Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index’’ method. The results of WQI in the study area range from 65.05 to 147.26. Several locations have water quality deemed unsuitable for consumption, while others range from good to very poor. It is essential to address and improve water quality in locations categorized as unsuitable for consumption and very poor to ensure safe and healthy water sources. It was also clear from the calculation that the smaller the mean concentration value of the pH as compared to the ideal value (7), the smaller the WQI value and the better the water quality. To keep the artificial fishpond water in good condition, mass domestic use should be controlled, and draining of surrounding organic matter should be stopped in ponds Bo_001, Kenema_001, and Kenema_002.

Research on the Weight of Index for the Assessment Standard for Green Store Building

Assessment standard for green store building of national standard has been compiled. The index has been given by experts' subjective assignment based on experience. Analytic hierarchy process has been used,making questionnaires of experts,using pairwise comparison and calculating the weight of each index. The weight of index in assessment would not only make quantitative evaluation on the whole situation of green store buildings,but also provide the foundation for compilation and revision.

3D Slicing of Weighted Index for Reservoir Quality of Lower Miocene Rocks, Belayim Marine Oil Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt

This study aims to have a single coefficient resulting from the integration of all the reservoir parameters through which a decision can be taken to determine the best quality places in the reservoir. The conventional well logging data in nine wells were used to determine the reservoir parameters in the study area. Seven different parameters were calculated, five of them were directly proportional to the quality of the reservoir, while the remaining two parameters which represent shale volume and water saturation were inversely proportional to the reservoir quality. The index of each parameter was calculated. A new value was created from the integration of the seven different parameter indexes called the weighted index for the reservoir quality. The reservoir quality values were sliced in the three dimensions depending on the effect of all reservoir parameters and not on any single parameter. It is clear from the results of this study that horizontal and vertical slicing, as well as cut-off values, illustrates that the middle and upper parts are the best places for the reservoir to explore hydrocarbons, where the values of the weighted index of the reservoir quality range from 0.65 to 0.9. Meanwhile, the quality of the reservoir decreases in its lower parts.

基于向量夹角余弦的喀斯特地区水资源承载力评价(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to assess the water resources carrying capacity in Guizhou Province based on the cosine vector included angle method. [Method] By using the cosine vector included angle method, the index weight was determined. The projection value of water resources carrying capacity in Guizhou Province was counted by using the multi-objective gray relational projection method. Moreover, the projection value which was counted by the index weight determined by the mean-variance method was as the control. [Result] The projection values which were obtained by two kinds of methods were very close, and the ordering result was consistent. [Conclusion] In the assessment of water resources carrying capacity, it was feasible to use the cosine vector included angle method to determine the index weight.

国家三级公立医院绩效考核非监测指标权重研究

目的 根据上海市的国家三级公立医院绩效考核非监测指标数据,研究国家三级公立医院绩效考核29项非监测指标的权重系数,为提高三级公立医院绩效评价效果提供借鉴。方法 运用专家咨询法与熵权法分别对29项国家非监测指标进行赋权,最终以主客观赋值结合的方法得到权重系数。结果 两种赋权方法的指标对比,人才培养、学科建设等部分的权重系数存在较大差异。结论 根据上海市的绩效考核数据,通过主客观结合的方法建立国家三级公立医院绩效考核非监测指标权重系数有助于其他省市及其他医院开展相关绩效评价,能够更好地促进公立医院按照国家要求高质量发展。

Impact of dynamic distribution of floc particles on flocculation effect

Polyaluminum chloride （PAC） was used as coagulant and suspended particles in kaolin water. Online instruments including turbidimeter and particle counter were used to monitor the flocculation process. An evaluation model for demonstrating the impact on the flocculation effect was established based on the multiple linear regression analysis method. The parameter of the index weight of channels quantitatively described how the variation of floc particle population in different size ranges cause the decrement of turbidity. The study showed that the floc particles in different size ranges contributed differently to the decrease of turbidity and that the index weight of channel could excellently indicate the impact degree of floc particles dynamic distribution on flocculation effect. Therefore, the parameter may significantly benefit the development of coagulation and sedimentation techniques as well as the optimal coagulant selection.

Program evaluation and its application to equipment based on super-efficiency DEA and gray relation projection method

For the gray attributes of the equipment program and its difficulty to carry out the quantitative assessment of the equipment program information, the gray relation projection method is simply reviewed. Combining the super-data envelopment analysis（DEA） model and the gray system theory, a new super-DEA for measuring the weight is proposed, and a gray relation projection model is established to rank the equipment programs. Finally, this approach is used to evaluate the equipment program. The results are verified valid and can provide a new way for evaluating the equipment program.

Groundwater recharge site suitability analysis through multiinfluencing factors(MIF)in West Bengal dry-land areas,West Bengal,India

Groundwater levels are gradually declining in basins around the world due to anthropogenic and natural factors.Climate is not the only factor contributing to change in groundwater levels,population growth and economic progress are leading to increased water demand.Areas used for agricultural irrigation are expanding,necessitating the use of artificial groundwater recharge as a method to sustain pumping and enhance storage.The present study delineates potential locations of significant groundwater resources that already exist using a geostatistical approach as a method to identify potential groundwater recharge zones.The Multi-Influencing Factors(MIF)technique was applied to determine the relationship between different landscape and climatic factors that influence groundwater recharge.Factors include topography,climate,hydrogeology,population,economic change,and geology.Integration of these factors enabled the identification of potential locations of groundwater suitable for artificial recharge efforts based on weights derived through the MIF technique.We applied these weights to derive a groundwater recharge index(GRI)map.The map was delineated into three groundwater recharge zones classified by their potential areal coverage as a metric for recharge suitability,namely low,medium and high suitability,occupying areas of 8625 km2(30.06%),9082 km2(31.65%),and 10,989 km~2(38.29%),respectively.Our findings have important implications for designing sustainable groundwater development and land-use plans for the coming century.

High-resolution remote sensing data can predict household poverty in pastoral areas,Inner Mongolia,China

The accurate prediction of poverty is critical to efforts of poverty reduction,and high-resolution remote sensing(HRRS)data have shown great promise for facilitating such prediction.Accordingly,the present study used HRRS with 1 m resolution and 238 households data to evaluate the utility and optimal scale of HRRS data for predicting household poverty in a grassland region of Inner Mongolia,China.The prediction of household poverty was improved by using remote sensing indicators at multiple scales,instead of indicators at a single scale,and a model that combined indicators from four scales(building land,household,neighborhood,and regional)provided the most accurate prediction of household poverty,with testing and training accuracies of 48.57%and 70.83%,respectively.Furthermore,building area was the most efficient indicator of household poverty.When compared to conducting household surveys,the analysis of HRRS data is a cheaper and more time-efficient method for predicting household poverty and,in this case study,it reduced study time and cost by about 75%and 90%,respectively.This study provides the first evaluation of HRRS data for the prediction of household poverty in pastoral areas and thus provides technical support for the identification of poverty in pastoral areas around the world.

Quality Evaluation of Threshing and Redrying Process Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Improving the stability of the homogenization process to achieve the homogeneity of tobacco products is one of important targets for the redrying industry.According to the specification for threshing and redrying process,a total of 14 indicators in three categories that affect the quality of the threshing and redrying process were selected.Using analytic hierarchy process,combined with expert experiences,a judgment matrix was constructed to conduct consistency test.The weights of indices in production were obtained.This will help in evaluating the actual production quality,finding the weak links of process and adjusting the parameters of the corresponding links in a targeted manner,thereby improving the quality of production process.

Motivations,enablers and barriers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers:Evidence from the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana

This paper examined the prioritized climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers,the motivations of adopting climate-smart agricultural practices,the enablers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices,and the barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana.Specifically,we employed ethnographic research using participatory approaches,including two stakeholder workshops and household surveys with 1061 households in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana.The weighted average index(WAI)and problem confrontation index(PCI)were used to rank smallholder farmers’perceived enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices and the barriers affecting climate-smart agricultural practices,respectively.Results suggest that the majority of the respondents used a suite of climate-smart agricultural practices,including the timely harvesting of produce and storage,emergency seed banking,appropriate and timely weed and pest control,and early planting as practices to build climate resilience.The majority of smallholder farmers primarily employed climate-smart agricultural practices to improve household food security(96.2%),reduce pests and diseases(95.6%),and obtain higher yields and greater farm income(93.2%).Findings also show that secured land tenure system arrangement,understanding the effects of climate change,and access to sustainable agricultural technologies were ranked the first,second,and third most important enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices with the WAI values of 2.86,2.75,and 2.70,respectively.Key barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices included incidences of pests and diseases(PCI=2530),inadequate access to agricultural credit(PCI=2502),high cost of improved crop varieties(PCI=2334),and limited government support with farm inputs(PCI=2296).Smallholder farmers need to be better supported through the provision of appropriate institutional and policy arrangements together with improved land management extension advice to overcome these barriers and facilitate the more effective implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices in Ghana.

Health Assessment and Protection Countermeasures of Ecosystem of the Dajiu Lake in Shennongjia

The Dajiu Lake is an important subtropical alpine wetland in central China.In May of 2019,an ecological investigation was conducted on water quality and aquatic organisms(phytoplankton,zooplankton and zoobenthos)of the Dajiu Lake in Shennongjia forest region.The results showed that parameters of water quality in No.5 and No.9 sub lakes of the Dajiu Lake corresponded with standard of class II water of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002),while other sub lakes corresponded with standard of class III water.Diversity indexes of phytoplankton and zooplankton ranged from 2.0 to 3.0,and there were two families(Chironomidae and Libellulidae Rambur)of one phylum(Arthropoda)in zoobenthos.Comprehensive health index of entropy weight was used to evaluate water ecological status of the Dajiu Lake,and water quality of No.5,No.8 and No.9 sub lakes was in a healthy status,while other sub lakes were in sub-health status.Finally,corresponding countermeasures were proposed according to protection needs of the Dajiu Lake.

Calculation and Measurement of China’s Human Capital after Comparing Human Capital with Technological Innovation

Human capital,as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers,is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature.This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies.Technological innovation is a short-term activity that attaches importance to economic benefits while human capital accumulation is a long-term strategic process with lifelong benefits,and human capital is the foundation of technological innovation.In empirical part,this paper adopts Solow Residual Method to calculate stock,elasticity and growth rate of human capital of 10 countries after eliminating physical capital,labor force and technological innovation.It is found that human capital stock in the United States is the largest and human capital growth in China is the fastest.Calculation is followed by measurement.We construct a comprehensive index of human capital by using Index Weight Assignment Method and Two-level&Three-factor CES Function to measure and predict human capital level in China.Both calculating and measuring results show that growth rate of China’s human capital is around 5%.In the future,for high-quality economic development,China should give priority to human capital development and comprehensively improve human capital competitiveness.

Schedule Model for Project Portfolio Based on Design Structure Matrix

To improve the enterprise resource utilization and shorten the cycle of the whole project portfolio, a scheduling model based on Design Structure Matrix （DSM） is built. By setting the project activity weight index system and calculating the activity weight for the project portfolio, the constraint relationship between project portfolio information and resource utilization, as the two dimensions of the DSM, are fully reflected in the sched- ule model to determine the order of these activities of project portfolio. A project portfolio example is given to il- lustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the schedule model.

Comparison of Charlson＇s weighted index of comorbidities with the chronic health score for the prediction of mortality in septic patients

Background Comorbidity is one of the most important determinants ot short-term and long-term outcomes in septic patients. Charlson＇s weighted index of comorbidities （WIC） and the chronic health score （CHS）, which is a component of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation （APACHE） II, are two frequently-used measures of comorbidity. In this study, we assess the performance of WIC and CHS in predicting the hospital mortality of intensive care unit （ICU） patients with sepsis. Methods A total of 338 adult patients with sepsis were admitted to a multisystem ICU between October 2010 and August 2012. Clinical data were collected, including age, gender, underlying diseases, key predisposing causes, severity-of- sepsis, and hospital mortality. The APACHE II, CHS, acute physiology score （APS）, sequential organ failure assessment （SOFA） and WIC scores were assessed within the first 24 hours of admission. Univariate and multiple Logistic regression analyses were used to compare the performance of WlC and CHS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC） was used to predict hospital mortality over classes of risk. Results Of all the enrolled patients, 224 patients survived and 114 patients died. The surviving patients had significantly lower WlC, CHS, APACHE II, and SOFA scores than the non-surviving patients （P 〈0.05）. Combining WIC or CHS with other administrative data showed that the hospital mortality was significantly associated with age, severe sepsis, key predisposing causes such as pneumonia, a history of underlying diseases such as hypertension and congestive cardiac failure, and WlC, CHS and APS scores （P 〈0.05）. The AUC for the hospital mortality were 0.564 （95% confidence interval （CO 0.496-0.631） of CHS, 0.663 （95% CI 0.599-0.727） of WIC, 0.770 （95% CI 0.718-0.822） of APACHE II, 0.856 （95% Cl 0.815-0.897） of the CHS combined with other administrative data, and 0.857 （95% CI 0.817-0.897） of the WlC combined with other administrative data. The diagnostic value of WIC was better than that of CHS （P=0.0015）. Conclusions The WlC and CHS scores might be independent determinants for hospital mortality among ICU patients with sepsis. WlC might be an even better predictor of the mortality of septic patients with comorbidities than CHS. Chin Med J 2014;127 （14）： 2623-2627

Towards experimental studying the airborne sound insulation of light frame walls with staggered studs

Light frame walls(LFWs) serve as common partition walls in prefabricated buildings due to their lightweight nature, costeffectiveness, energy efficiency, and adaptability for rapid on-site assembly. However, their acoustic insulation capability is hindered by issues such as sound bridges, resonance, and coincidence dips, resulting in inadequate sound insulation. This study aims to propose LFW designs with superior acoustic insulation suitable for practical engineering while meeting prevailing national standards. Nine full-scale LFW configurations were subjected to laboratory testing to evaluate the impact of staggered stud arrangements, stud types, and incorporation of compounded materials. The tests were performed between 100 and 5000 Hz,and the sound pressure level and reverberation time at 1/3 octave band were measured and used to calculate the weighted sound insulation index(Rw). Results demonstrated that the outlined design modifications significantly enhanced the sound insulation of the LFW. These modifications effectively mitigate the influence of sound bridges while addressing resonance and coincidence dips inherent in the wall system. Particularly noteworthy was the superior sound insulation achieved by staggered-stud LFWs with compounded materials, surpassing that of autoclaved lightweight concrete walls commonly used in prefabricated constructions despite having lesser thickness and surface density. Rwvalues increased from 43 to 54 dB compared to conventional LFWs, translating to a notable elevation in airborne sound insulation level from 4 to 7 as an internal separation component,meeting the requisite standards for most applications.

Comprehensive evaluation model of wind power accommodation ability based on macroscopic and microscopic indicators

This article explores and establishes comprehensive evaluation index system of wind power accommodation ability considering microscopic index and macroscopic index, and the index system includes conventional evaluation indexes such as forecast deviation, simultaneity factor and anti-peak rate, also newly introduced evaluation indexes such as installed capacity, power adequacy and accommodation space. Bayesian weight modified method is used for solving index weights of 8 wind power accommodation indexes. The paper puts forward a comprehensive evaluation model of wind power accommodation ability based on improved radar chart method, and this model changes traditional radar chart fan-shaped sector to quadrilateral evaluation region, and increasing angle bisector can solve the problem that evaluation results are not unique. It constructs new area and perimeter vectors of radar chart, which make the evaluation results give consideration to level of aggregation and balance degree of evaluation objectives, and case study results show that this model has a certain practical value.

Cesarean Section Rate in Singleton Primiparae and Related Factors in Beijing, China

Background： The cesarean section rate （CSR） bas been a main concern worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the CSR in Beijing, China, and to analyze the related lactors of CS delivery. Methods： An observational study was conducted in 15 medical centers in Beijing using a systemic cluster sampling naethod. In total, 15, 194 pregnancies were enrolled in the study between ,lune 20, 2013 and November 30, 2013. Independent t-tests and Pearson＇s Chi-square test were nsed to examine differences between two groups, and related factors of the CSR were examined by multivariable logistic regression. Results： The CSR was 41.9% （4471/10,671） in singleton primiparae. Women who were more than 35 years old had a 7.4-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with women 〈25 years old （odd ratio [OR] 7.388, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 5.561-9.816, P 〈 0.001 ）. Prepregnancy obese women had a 2-1bid increased risk of CS delivery compared with prepregnancy normal weight women （OR = 2.058. 95% CI = 1.640-2.584, P〈 0.001 ）. The excessive weight gain group had a 1.4-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with the adequate weight gain group （OR 1.422, 95% CI = 1.289 1.568, P〈 0.001 ）. Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） women and DM women had an increased risk of CS delivery （ 1.2- and 1.7-fold, respectively） compared with normal blood glucose women. Women who were born in rural areas had a lower risk of CS delivery than did those who were born in urban areas （OR 0.696, 95% CI = 0.625-0.775, P 〈 0.001 ）. The risk of CS delivery gradually increased with a decreasing education level. Neonates weighing 3000-3499 g had the lowest CSR （36.2%）. Neonates weighing 〈2500 g had a 2-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with neonates weighing 3000 3499 g （OR - 2.020, 95% CI=1.537 2.656, P 〈 0.001 ）. Neonates weighing ≥4500 g had an 8.3-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with neonates weighing 3000-3499 g （OR = 8.313.95% CI= 4.436-15.579, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： Maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, geslational weight gain, blood glncose levels, residence, education level, and singleton fetal birth weight arc all factors that might significantly affect the CSR.

Performance of pond–wetland complexes as a preliminary processor of drinking water sources

Shijiuyang Constructed Wetland（110 hm^2） is a drinking water source treatment wetland with primary structural units of ponds and plant-bed/ditch systems. The wetland can process about 250,000 tonnes of source water in the Xincheng River every day and supplies raw water for Shijiuyang Drinking Water Plant. Daily data for 28 months indicated that the major water quality indexes of source water had been improved by one grade. The percentage increase for dissolved oxygen and the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, iron and manganese were 73.63%, 38.86%, 35.64%, and 22.14% respectively. The treatment performance weight of ponds and plant-bed/ditch systems was roughly equal but they treated different pollutants preferentially. Most water quality indexes had better treatment efficacy with increasing temperature and inlet concentrations. These results revealed that the pond–wetland complexes exhibited strong buffering capacity for source water quality improvement. The treatment cost of Shijiuyang Drinking Water Plant was reduced by about 30.3%. Regional rainfall significantly determined the external river water levels and adversely deteriorated the inlet water quality, thus suggesting that the ＂hidden＂ diffuse pollution in the multitudinous stream branches as well as their catchments should be the controlling emphases for river source water protection in the future. The combination of pond and plant-bed/ditch systems provides a successful paradigm for drinking water source pretreatment. Three other drinking water source treatment wetlands with ponds and plant-bed/ditch systems are in operation or construction in the stream networks of the Yangtze River Delta and more people will be benefited.

Decoupling co-existing surface plasmon polariton （SPP） modes in a nanowire plasmonic waveguide for quantitative mode analysis

Knowledge of surface plasmon polariton （SPP） modes in one-dimensional （1D） metallic nanostructures is essential for the development of subwavelength optical devices such as photonic circuits, integrated light sources, and photo- detectors. Despite many efforts to characterize the propagation parameters of these subwavelength 1D plasmonic waveguides, such as Ag nanowires, large discrepancies exist among available reports owing to their sensitivity to the relative weights of co-existing SPP modes and the lack of a method of decoupling these modes and analyzing them separately. In this work, we develop an interference method to distinguish different SPP modes that are simultaneously excited in a Ag nanowire waveguide and measure their propagation parameters separately. By extracting information from the propagation-distance- dependent intensity oscillations of the scattered light from the nanowire tip, the effective refractive indices, propagation lengths, and relative mode weights of co-existing SPP modes supported by the nanowire are derived from a mode interference model. These parameters depend strongly on the nanowire diameter and excitation wavelength. In particular, we demonstrate the possibility of selective excitation of different SPP modes by varying the nanowire diameter. This new mode analysis technique provides unique insights into the develop- ment and optimization of SPP-based applications.