Effects of Fuzheng Huayu Capsules combined with nucleoside antiviral drugs on liver and kidney function, serum inflammatory factors, TLR-4, TGF-β1 and aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index in patients with HBV infection and decompensated liver

Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule combined with nucleoside antiviral drugs on liver and kidney function,serum inflammatory factors,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4),transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)And aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index(APRI).Methods:A total of 144 patients with HBV infection and decompensated cirrhosis were selected.All patients were divided into control group and case group by random number table method,with 72 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional liver protection and antiviral therapy;the case group was supplemented with Fuzheng Huayu Capsule on the basis of treatment in the control group.The changes of liver and kidney function,serum inflammatory factors,TLR-4,TGF-β1 and APRI in the two groups were observed.Results:The total effective rate of the case group was 93.06%,higher than 76.32%of the control group(P<0.05).Case group HBV DNA negative rate,negative rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg),negative rate of hepatitis B virus e antigen(HBeAg)were significantly higher than the control group(76.39%vs 59.72%,55.56%vs 31.94%,51.39%vs 29.17%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),typeⅢprocollagen after treatment(PCⅢ),typeⅣcollagen(CⅣ),inner diameter of portal vein,inner diameter of splenic vein,spleen thickness,resistance index,urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),TLR-4,TGF-β1,APRI are lower than before treatment,albumin(ALB)and renal blood The flow rate was higher than before treatment;liver function indicators,liver fibrosis indicators,liver and spleen imaging indicators,renal hemodynamic indicators,serum inflammatory factors,TLR-4 in the case group The improvement of TGF-β1 and APRI.Conclusion:Fuzheng Huayu Capsules combined with nucleoside antiviral drugs have a clear clinical effect on patients with HBV infection and decompensated liver cirrhosis,significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients,improve liver and kidney function,reduce inflammatory factor production,and can effectively inhibit HBV replication.Certain promotion value is worthy of further clinical research.

Reliability and Validity of Addiction Severity Index in Drug Users with Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Guizhou Province, China

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of addiction severity index （ASI）-5th version （ASI-C-5）, in illegal drug users receiving methadone maintenance treatment （MMT） in China. Methods One hundred and eighty-six heroin addicts （144 men and 42 women） receivihg MMT at three clinics in Guizhou province, southwest China, were recmited. They were all interviewed with a questionnaire of ASI-C-5 and 35 were re-interviewed at an interval of seven days to assess its test-retest reliability. Results Cronbach＇s alpha for internal consistency of CSs varied from 0.60 to 0.81 in all domains. Test-retest reliability of composite scores （CSs） of ASI-C-5 were satisfactory （r=0.38-0.97）. Based on item analysis and expert＇s suggestions, five items were deleted and one item was modified in ASI-C-5. Criterion validity of ASI-C-5 was found acceptable, as compared to addicts＇ self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and self-rating depression scale （SDS） （r=0.59 and 0.45） except for social support rating scale （SSRS）. Conclusions ASI-C-5 can be used for heroin addicts receiving MMT with acceptable reliability and validity.

A Study on the Multi-Compartment Linear Circulation Pharmacokinetic Model for the Targeting Drug Delivery System

By analyzing the observed phenomena and the data collected in the study, a multi-compartment linear circulation model for targeting drug delivery system was developed and the function formulas of the drug concentration-time in blood and target organ by computing were figured out. The drug concentration-time curve for target organ can be plotted with reference to the data of drug concentration in blood according to the model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in target organ could also be obtained. The practicability of the model was further checked by the curves of drug concentration-time in blood and target organ(liver) of liver-targeting nanoparticles in animal tests. Based on the liver drug concentration-time curves calculated by the function formula of the drug in target organ, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug in target organ(liver) was analyzed by statistical moment, and its pharmacokinetic parameters in liver were obtained. It is suggested that the (relative targeting index( can be used for quantitative evaluation of the targeting drug delivery systems.

中药复方联合作用的定量评价软件CombiDrug的验证和应用

本文介绍了中药复方联合作用定量评价软件CombiDrug的计算原理、公式、应用范围等。另外,对CombiDrug与CalcuSyn软件计算结果进行验证比对,两者计算结果一致,证明CombiDrug软件完全可以替代CalcuSyn软件用于复方联合作用的计算。最后对CombiDrug软件的特点及在中药复方试验研究中的应用做了介绍。

The Influence of Time Scale on the Quantitative Study of Soil and Water Conservation Effect of Grassland

Quantitative analysis of time scale effects is conducive to further understanding of vegetation water and soil conservation mechanism.Based on the observation data of the grass covered and bare soil( control) experimental plots located in Hetian Town,Changting County of Fujian Province from 2007 to 2010,the characteristics of 4 parameters( precipitation,vegetation,RE and SE) were analyzed at precipitation event,month,season,and annual scales,and then the linear regression models were established to describe the relationships between RE( SE)and its influencing factors of precipitation and vegetation. RE( SE) means the ratio of runoff depth( soil loss) of grass covered plot to that of the control plot. Results show that these 4 parameters presented different magnitude and variation on different time scales. RE and SE were relatively stable either within or among different time scales due to their ratios reducing the influence of other factors. The coupling of precipitation and vegetation led to better water conservation effect at lower RE( < 0. 3) at precipitation event scale as well as at season scale,while the water conservation effect was dominated by precipitation at slightly higher( 0. 3- 0. 4) and higher( > 0. 7) REs at precipitation event scale as well as at annual scale( R2> 0. 78). For the soil conservation effect,precipitation or / and vegetation was / were the dominated influence factor( s) at precipitation event and annual scales,and the grass LAI could basically describe the positive conservation effect( SE <1,R2> 0. 55),while the maximum 30 min intensity( I30) could describe the negative conservation effect more accurately( SE >1,R2> 0. 79). More uncertainties( R2≈0. 4) exist in the models of both RE and SE at two moderate time scales( month and season). Consequently,factors influencing water and soil conservation effect of grass present different variation and coupling characteristics on different time scales,indicating the importance of time scale at the study on water and soil conservation.

Rational Drug Delineation: A Global Sensitivity Approach Based on Therapeutic Tolerability to Deviations in Execution

Noncompliance to therapeutic regimen is a real public health problem with tremendous socioeconomic consequences. Instead of direct intervention to patients, which can add extra burden to the already overloaded health system, alternative strategies oriented to drugs’ own properties turns to be more appealing. The aim of this study was establish a rational way to delineate drugs in terms of their “forgiveness”, based on drugs PK/PD properties. A global sensitivity analysis has been performed to identify the most sensitive parameters to dose omissions. A Comparative Drug Forgiveness Index (CDFI), to rank the drugs in terms of their tolerability to non compliance, has been proposed. The index was applied to a number of calcium channel blockers, namely benidipine, nivaldipine, manidipine and felodipine. Using the calculation, benedipine and manidipine showed the best performance among those considered. This result is in accordance with what has been previously reported. The classification method developed here proved to be a powerful quantitative way to delineate drugs in terms of their forgiveness and provides a complementary decision rule for clinical and experimental studies.

Uterotonic drugs use for post partum hemorrhage: An audit of the third stage of labor management

Objectives: Worldwide the use of uterotonic drugs has significantly reduced maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage. The objective is to audit the use of uterotonics in the active management of the third and fourth stages of labor. Methods: Personal data, diagnostic clinical information, blood loss and uterotonics administered were extracted from a cohort of 634 consecutive parturient. Trend in Shock Index (Pulse Rate/Systolic Blood Pressure) and 48 hours hematocrit changes were computed and analyzed. Results: There were 422 vagina deliveries and 212 caesarean sections. Primiparous mothers were 141 (34.2%), while grand multiparous mothers were 14 (3.4%). The mean visually estimated postpartum blood loss 165.9 ± 80 ml. There was no significant difference in the mean blood loss between the three parity groups of parturient [P = 0.09]. Fourteen parturient (3.44%) had blood loss ≥500 ml. The value of Shock Index (Pulse Rate/Systolic Blood Pressure) in the study ranged between 0.43 and 1.38. Logistic regression analysis of the variables associated with the switch between the three regimens of uterotonic drugs, showed a significant positive correlation between VEBL and uterotonic drugs administered [Pearson correlation = 0.130, P-value = 0.008]. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between uterotonic drugs administered and Shock Index at 30 minutes and 2 hours postpartum. The correlation coefficient between VEBL and regimens of uterotonic drugs used was positive and significant (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Visually estimated blood loss, with shock are the main Triggers involved in switching between uterotonic drugs regimens used in active management of PPH. Shock index calculation is vital in management decision. We advocate training of all birth attendants on VEBL.

Kidney Function in Frequent Users of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for managing painful conditions. They are available as cheap, over-the-counter drugs, and commonly abused. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins (PGs) actions on the kidneys and can cause kidney disease and hypertension, especially when used in excess doses, for prolonged period or in stressed states. Methods: The descriptive study was carried at the Orthopaedic and Family Medicine units of the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta. Two hundred respondents participated in the study. One hundred frequent users of NSAIDs (with daily use for ≥ 4 weeks) and age and sex-matched controls with no known risk for kidney disease and had consented were consecutively recruited. Data were entered from history, examination and investigations (urinalysis, serum electrolyte, kidney scan and biopsy). Cases with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2) and dip strip proteinuria ≥ 1+ had kidney biopsy. Statistical analysis was with SPSS 21 software. Student t-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare means and proportions respectively. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the strength of association between independent risk factors and kidney dysfunction (KD). Results: Two hundred respondents participated in the study. Fifty one (51) females and Forty nine (49) males were recruited as cases and controls respectively. Thirteen (13) females had KD compared to 9 males, (P = 0.02). The mean age of cases with KD (63.04 yrs ± 4.21) was statistically higher than those without KD (P = 0.01). Majority of the cases were in the working population (30 - 59 yrs). Twenty two (22) frequent NSAIDs users had kidney dysfunction (KD) while six (6%) controls had KD. The proportion of subjects that used herbal medicines was higher in cases with KD than in cases without KD as well as in the controls respectively (P = 0.01). The mean kidney length and cortical thickness were significantly lower in cases with KD than in cases without KD, (P = 0.03) and (P = 0.017) respectively. The independent predictors of KD were increasing age, use of herbal remedies and duration of drug use. Conclusion: The prevalence of KD among frequent NSAIDs users was 22%, higher than controls. Risk factors identified include increasing age, use of herbal medicines, increasing body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), anaemia, reduced cortical thickness and kidney volume. NSAIDs use in excess doses, prolonged period or in stressed state increases the risk for kidney dysfunction, caution is therefore needed to avoid taking these drugs in these conditions.

Characteristics of the anti-dementia drug system of Zisu Fang preparations based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis

Objectives:To investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD)of index components of Zisu Fang preparations and additionally analysis the anti-dementia drug system characteristics.Methods:A PK-PD-drug interaction (DI) method was applied to determine the characteristics of index components of Zisu Fong preparations in vivo.Results:In the PK study,maximum plasma concentration,area under the plasma concentration-time curve,and mean residence time of index components of Zisu Fang preparations were higher in the memory-deficit model group than in the control group.This suggested that the index components of Zisu Fang preparations had an affinity for the state of dementia in this model.In the PD study,at the peak time points of anti-dementia efficacy (0.17 h and 1 h),the plasma concentrations of index components of Zisu Fang preparations reached the first or second largest plasma concentration peak or were close to the plasma concentration peak,and showed positive correlation between these two peaks,indicating that the index components of Zisu Fang synergistically exerted an anti-dementia effect.According to the association analysis of PK-PD-DI,baicalin,rosmarinic acid,salvianolic acid B,matrine,and tanshinone ⅡA were the main active ingredients of the anti-dementia drug system of Zisu Fang preparations in vivo,but were only efficacious against dementia when all five components were present at a specific concentration and proportion.Conclusions:Based on the PK and PD correlation analysis,baicalin,rosmarinic acid,salvianolic acid B,matrine,and tanshinone ⅡA are the main active ingredients of Zisu Fang preparations with regard to its anti-dementia effects,and represent the basic characteristics of drug system:natures,synergy,and affinity.

Research Progress on Dimension and Indicators of Comprehensive Value Assessment of Anti-Tumor Drugs

Objective To sort out the dimension and indicators of comprehensive value assessment of anti-tumor drugs abroad,and provide a reference for constructing a similar system in China.Methods The keywords such as anti-tumor drugs,value,assessment,method,and framework were used to search CNKI,WanFang database,VIP database,Embase,PubMed and Web of Science.Results and Conclusion According to the research on the value framework of anti-tumor drugs,6 first-level dimensions and 8 second-level indicators with common characteristics were summarized.In view of China’s national conditions,this study summarizes the available value judgment dimensions of anti-tumor drugs at home and abroad,so as to learn from international experience and their mature methodologies,and provide ideas for constructing a multi-dimensional value system of anti-tumor drugs in China.

基于德尔菲法构建集采中选药品管理敏感指标

目的:构建集采中选药品管理敏感指标。方法:通过循证初步建立集采中选药品管理敏感指标,再通过德尔菲专家函询法对30名药学人员进行2轮函询,并统计整理函询结果。结果:构建的集采中选药品管理敏感指标包括一级指标3项,二级指标11项和三级指标22项。两轮专家函询有效回收率分别为91%和100%。第二轮权威系数为0.82,总体协调系数0.434,检验具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:本研究构建的集采中选药品管理敏感指标满足专家积极程度、权威程度和一致性标准等各项标准。

瑞马唑仑联合不同剂量丙泊酚对腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者麻醉诱导镇静及不良反应的影响

目的探究瑞马唑仑联合不同剂量丙泊酚对腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者麻醉诱导镇静及不良反应的影响。方法选取2021年4月至2023年8月行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者96例,采用随机数字表法分为A、B组各48例,患者均采用瑞马唑仑联合丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导,其中A组丙泊酚剂量为0.5 mg/kg,B组丙泊酚剂量为1.0 mg/kg。比较2组围术期指标、麻醉诱导情况,麻醉诱导开始时(T0)、机械通气前即刻(T1)及机械通气3 min(T2)时血流动力学指标及术中术后不良反应发生情况。结果2组手术时间、术中出血量、补液量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组麻醉诱导时间短于A组,丙泊酚补救患者少于A组(P<0.05,P<001)。2组T0~T2时心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脑电双频指数(BIS)均呈下降趋势(P<0.05),但2组同一时间点HR、MAP、BIS比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。B组总不良反应发生率为60.42%高于A组的25.00%(P<001)。结论瑞马唑仑联合小剂量丙泊酚在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中可发挥较好的镇静作用和血流动力学稳定作用,丙泊酚剂量为1.0 mg/kg时镇静作用更佳,但不良反应发生率较高。

高体质量指数和使用促排卵药的交互作用与子宫内膜癌保留生育功能治疗后复发风险的关联分析

目的探讨高体质量指数和使用促排卵药的交互作用与子宫内膜癌(EC)保留生育功能治疗后复发风险的关联。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月于长治医学院附属和平医院接受保留生育功能治疗的58例早期EC患者,所有患者经孕激素联合宫腔镜治疗均已达到完全缓解,收集并统计患者的临床资料。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归以及相加模型分析影响早期EC保留生育功能治疗后复发的危险因素及其交互作用。结果58例早期EC患者经治疗后均已达到完全缓解,其中16例出现治疗后复发,42例未出现复发,复发率为27.59%(16/58)。2组患者体质量指数、病灶直径以及是否使用促排卵药物比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.110,P<0.001;χ^(2)=9.166,P=0.002;χ^(2)=8.133,P=0.004)。体质量指数≥25 kg/m^(2)(OR=13.316,95%CI:2.734~23.899)、病灶直径≥2 cm(OR=6.773,95%CI:1.225~12.322)、使用促排卵药物(OR=32.983,95%CI:1.354~64.613)是早期EC患者保留生育功能治疗后复发的危险因素。早期EC患者保留生育功能治疗后复发的危险因素之间存在相加交互作用,体质量指数≥25 kg/m^(2)与病灶直径≥2 cm、体质量指数≥25 kg/m^(2)与使用促排卵药物、病灶直径≥2 cm与使用促排卵药物的交互作用指数分别为2.836、3.609、2.626,超额相对危险度分别为6.936、12.384、5.653。结论体质量指数≥25 kg/m^(2)、病灶直径≥2 cm、使用促排卵药物是早期EC患者保留生育功能治疗后复发的危险因素,且危险因素间具有正向交互作用。

基于PMC指数模型的我国药品集中带量采购政策量化分析

目的:对我国药品集中带量采购政策进行量化评估,探究政策的现有问题和优化路径,为后续政策制定与完善提供参考借鉴。方法:采用ROSTCM软件对16项政策进行文本挖掘,构建PMC指数模型定量分析我国药品集中带量采购政策。结果:16项政策中,6项政策评级为优秀,10项政策评级为良好,政策总体的PMC指数得分均值为6.84。16项政策在一级变量X9政策评价(0.94)、X10政策公开(1.00)上得分较高,在X2政策时效(0.25)、X3发布机构(0.42)上得分较低。结论:研究发现,我国药品集中带量采购政策存在政策目标制定不够合理、政策内容分布不够协调、政策工具结构有待优化、激励约束方式有待丰富问题,因此建议加强顶层设计,合理制定政策长期、中期和短期目标;完善政策内容,推进药品集中带量采购政策体系建设;优化政策工具结构,发挥多种政策工具综合使用效能;丰富激励约束方式,提高医务人员积极性。

上海市生态保护红线保护成效评估

生态保护红线保护成效评估是生态保护红线监管的重要内容,但我国尚未全面开展定量化、精细化的生态保护红线成效评估。基于国家标准与2021年的对比分析,从生态保护红线面积、用地性质、生态功能、管理能力等方面构建了保护成效指数,评估了2022年上海市生态保护红线保护成效。结果表明,上海市在评估周期内生态保护红线保护效果显著。

西藏自治区人民医院实施国家重点监控药品干预成效分析

目的:评价西藏自治区人民医院对重点监控药品进行重点干预的成效,为优化重点监控药品干预策略、促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:西藏自治区人民医院于2020年制订《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品管理规定》,建立《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品目录》,同时开展重点监控药品处方及医嘱专项点评、采取点评结果公示及绩效考核挂钩等目标性干预措施,对比西藏自治区人民医院2019年4月-2020年3月(干预前)与2020年4月-2021年3月(干预后第一年)及2021年4月-2022年3月(干预后第二年)重点监控药品临床使用数据变化,评价重点干预措施对该类药品的管理成效及临床使用的影响。结果:该院干预后第一年及第二年的重点监控药品销售金额分别为1427.01万元、1388.12万元,低于干预前的2004.29万元;干预后重点监控药品销售金额占药品总销售金额比例分别为8.33%、7.47%,低于干预前的10.11%。重点监控药品各品种的DDC普遍较高,患者的经济负担较重。结论:西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品的干预取得了一定成效,但医院应在此基础上采取有力措施,提高重点监控药品合理使用,进一步减轻患者经济负担。

基于预后营养指数的分级营养干预对耐药肺结核患者的应用效果

目的观察基于预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)的分级营养对耐药肺结核患者的干预效果,为耐药肺结核患者的营养评估和营养干预提供新的思路。方法采用随机数表抽样,将2023年1—7月安徽省胸科医院的耐药肺结核住院患者分为试验组和对照组,两组均予抗结核药物治疗,其中试验组患者应用PNI分为营养正常、轻度营养不良、中度营养不良、重度营养不良4个层级,分别施以营养教育、营养教育+饮食指导、营养教育+饮食指导+肠内营养、营养教育+饮食指导+肠内营养+肠外营养的分级干预;对照组予以营养教育为主的常规营养干预。比较两组患者营养干预后的营养状况、免疫功能和临床预后等。结果试验组和对照组分别有48例患者纳入本研究。干预3个月后,试验组营养状况指标血红蛋白、前白蛋白、白蛋白水平分别为(127.80±10.36)g/L、(196.69±28.86)mg/L、(44.78±4.51)g/L,均高于同期对照组的(123.12±9.93)g/L、(181.26±29.56)mg/L、(39.51±4.32)g/L,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.157、4.235、4.672,P均<0.05)。干预3个月后,试验组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞百分比及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)值分别为(62.42±7.32)%、(42.52±4.57)%、1.51±0.23,均高于对照组的(56.41±5.85)%、(39.13±3.57)%、1.27±0.26;CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞百分比为(31.42±3.42)%,低于对照组的(35.01±3.06)%,差异均有统计学意义(t=9.121、7.231、8.031、6.731,P均<0.05)。试验组干预3个月后痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率分别为91.67%、89.58%、72.92%,均高于对照组的77.08%、72.91%和56.25%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.089、4.232、7.253,P均<0.05)。结论基于PNI的耐药肺结核患者分级营养干预可以提升患者血红蛋白、前蛋白和白蛋白水平,提高患者的痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率和空洞闭合率,改善临床预后。

全视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变对视野影响的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)早期视野改变往往比视力更能及时反映病情进展。而全视网膜光凝(PRP)治疗DR在延缓病情进展的同时也造成了患眼视力下降和视野缩小等副作用。有研究表明,PRP治疗后的DR患者可因中心20°范围内的视野缺损而导致驾驶测试失败。为保证PRP疗效同时达到降低并发症的目的,激光技术不断改进与发展,通过调整激光参数、使用新型激光系统、与抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物联合、中西医结合治疗等方式可一定程度改善患眼视野,实现更佳疗效。未来可考虑在缺血指数(ISI)量化分析下,对视网膜缺血程度进行分级,依据ISI指标和视网膜无灌注区分布探索PRP治疗建议的最佳阈值及光凝范围,从而为DR患者提供更及时、更合理的个性化治疗方案。文章就PRP治疗DR对视野的影响进行简要综述。

基于长三角联盟国采接续的综合评价指标体系研究

目的:提出药品集采综合评价指标体系的优化建议,促进综合评分模式的推广应用。方法:选取长三角联盟药品集采两次国采接续的综合评价指标体系,对比分析指标变化以及相应的中选结果变化。结果:独家中选品种数量降低,市场竞争充分;新增指标以及分值变化倾向于国采原中选企业,稳定市场用药“;价格水平”指标分值降低,使药品降价幅度减弱。结论:综合评分模式逐渐成为国家或地方集采的热门模式,但各地药品集采的初衷不同;为实现不同采购初衷,需要调整综合评价指标体系指标及其分值;在调整过程中要注意各方因素的平衡,避免因过度追求某方面而扰乱市场预期、价格或临床用药。

2020~2022年国家食品安全监督抽检不合格情况分析

目的:对比分析2020~2022年国家食品安全监督抽检不合格情况。方法:汇总2020~2022年国家食品安全监督抽检不合格样品信息,从抽样数量、抽样种类占比、食品类别、不合格项目及其涉及的指标和产品进行分析。结果:全国年抽样量不断增大,食用农产品和餐饮食品的抽样占比之和达到52.31%。抽检的34类食品中,3类食品不合格率呈上升趋势,其中食用农产品类的抽检不合格率由2.23%(2020年)上升至3.63%(2022年);餐饮食品类的抽检不合格率由5.99%(2020年)上升至8.07%(2022年)。在不合格项目中,农兽药残留超标的占比最高,且呈现逐年增长的趋势(由35.31%增大至41.16%);微生物污染的占比次之,但其占比逐渐降低。结论:近三年来,食品安全抽检力度不断增大。整体上看,各类食品的不合格率保持稳定或呈现下降趋势,但是食用农产品和餐饮食品的不合格率逐年增大。农兽药残留超标依然是目前亟待解决的问题。残留超标的农药主要集中在豇豆和韭菜表面的灭蝇胺和腐霉利上;兽药方面,恩诺沙星在各产品中均有滥用。微生物污染涉及产品主要集中在谷物糕点和方便食品类食品中,需要后续加强监管。