Three Indication Variables and Their Performance for the Troubled-Cell Indicator using K-Means Clustering

In Zhu,Wang and Gao(SIAM J.Sci.Comput.,43(2021),pp.A3009–A3031),we proposed a new framework of troubled-cell indicator(TCI)using K-means clustering and the numerical results demonstrate that it can detect the troubled cells accurately using the KXRCF indication variable.The main advantage of this TCI framework is its great potential of extensibility.In this follow-up work,we introduce three more indication variables,i.e.,the TVB,Fu-Shu and cell-boundary jump indication variables,and show their good performance by numerical tests to demonstrate that the TCI framework offers great flexibility in the choice of indication variables.We also compare the three indication variables with the KXRCF one,and the numerical results favor the KXRCF and the cell-boundary jump indication variables.

Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Analysis and the Impact of Land Cover Variability Indices on Land Surface Temperature in Greater Accra, Ghana Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data

Urbanization, as a result of anthropogenic activities, reduces the vegetated and green spaces and thereby increases the impervious surfaces in cities. This in turn increases the surface temperature of cities when compared to the rural regions resulting in the formation of urban heat island. Especially, in under-developed countries, it is very crucial to obtain timely and accurate information on the urban trend and its development due to the higher increasing rate of population growth and lack of infrastructural facilities and regulations to mitigate the adverse consequences of urbanization. The current study analyzes the urban development of Greater Accra, Ghana using Landsat 7 dataset acquired in 2002, 2013, and 2020. Further, the influence of urban growth on the land surface temperature (LST) and land cover variability (LCV) indices including NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-Up Index), and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) is identified during the study periods. Results suggest that the area of built-up quadrupled between 2002 and 2020 in the study region. Shannon’s entropy-based analysis suggests that the urban development in the region is heterogeneous or dispersive in nature. Further, the regression analysis highlights a strong positive relation between LST and NDBI (0.755) and a negative relation is found associated between LST and NDVI (0.4417) and LST and NDWI (0.76). Results of the study could be useful to design sustainable urban socio-economic and environmental planning policies in the study region.

Analysis on the Effects of Shensong Yangxin Capsules and Amiodarone on Heart Rate Variability Indices and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Arrhythmia

Objective:To study the effects of Shensong Yangxin capsules and amiodarone on heart rate variability indexes and inflammatory factors in the treatment of patients with arrhythmia.Methods:The research subjects were selected patients with arrhythmia admitted in our hospitaFs department from October 2018 to October 2019,and a total of 70 patients were divided into two groups.35 subjects in the control group were treated with amiodarone alone,and 35 subjects in the observation group were treated with Shensongyangxin capsule in combination with amiodarone for comparisons in treatment effects,heart rate variability indices,inflammatory factors,and adverse reactions.Results:After observation,the treatment efficiency in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no difference in heart rate variability indices between the two groups(P>0.05),after treatment,the improvement in patients of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the inflammatory factors of the two groups of patients decreased,and the indicators of the observation group were comparably lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).In the comparison of adverse reactions,the observation group showed a lower incidence of adverse reactions after treatment than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the treatment of patients with arrhythmia,the combined use of Shensong Yangxin capsules and amiodarone has more significant therapeutic effects,which can effectively improve the patient's heart rate variability indices,reduce the inflammatory factors,and relieve the symptoms in patients.The incidence of adverse reactions is low and the safety is quite high,therefore it has great value in clinical applications.