The personal protective equipment(PPE)based on individual combat:A systematic review and trend analysis

With the development of ordnance technology,the survival and safety of individual combatants in hightech warfare are under serious threat,and the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE),as an important guarantee to reduce casualties and maintain military combat effectiveness,is widely developed.This paper systematically reviewed various PPE based on individual combat through literature research and comprehensive discussion,and introduced in detail the latest application progress of PPE in terms of material and technology from three aspects:individual integrated protection system,traditional protection equipment,and intelligent protection equipment,respectively,and discussed in depth the functional improvement and optimization status brought by advanced technology for PPE,focusing on the achievements of individual equipment technology application.Finally,the problems and technical bottlenecks in the development of PPE were analyzed and summarized,and the development trend of PPE were pointed out.The results of the review will provide a forward-looking reference for the current development of individual PPE,and are important guidance for the design and technological innovation of advanced equipment based on the future technological battlefield.

Differences of Confucianism and Individualism on the Development of Chinese and American Personalities

Different personalities are shaped by different cultures.Chinese Confucianism and American Individualism took totally different developing routes.Understanding and contemplating their differences in personality can greatly enhance inter-cultural communication between these two countries.Based on the present researches and studies,this paper discusses the differences and current situation of Chinese and American personalities.Relevant suggestions are initiated aiming at learning from each other’s strong points and bridging the gap as to enhance the development of healthy personality and harmonious world.

Relationship between Sexual Fantasy,Sexual Communication,Personality Traits and Sexual Satisfaction in Married Individuals

The study aimed to understand the relationship between sexual fantasy,sexual communication,personality traits and sexual satisfaction in married individuals.Sexual fantasy as a variable has seldom been studied in the Indian context.The importance of sexual fantasies has been noted by therapists and researchers.Studying various aspects of sexual functioning in married life including,sexual communication and sexual satisfaction and personality traits would be beneficial.A cross sectional design with a total sample of 100 married individuals was considered.Tools were administered as online forms.Parametric and Non-parametric tests were used to find the correlation between Sexual fantasy and sexual satisfaction,sexual communication and sexual satisfaction and personality traits and sexual satisfaction.Results indicated that sexual fantasy and sexual satisfaction have a negative correlation,sexual communication and sexual satisfaction have a positive correlation and personality traits and sexual satisfaction also have a positive correlation.This study can be used to develop modules that might aid in marital and sex therapy.It may be useful in identifying any difficulties or issues which may help in providing appropriate timely intervention.

“Care That Respects Individuality” Provided to Elderly People with Dementia as Perceived by Japanese Dementia Carers Qualified

The objective of this study was to clarify the contents of “care that respects individuality” provided to elderly people with dementia living in group homes as perceived by dementia carers qualified. We interviewed 21 dementia carers qualified working at group homes in Prefecture A about the practical contents of and their thoughts on “care that respects individuality”. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA). As a result, 14 concepts regarding the contents of “care that respects individuality” provided to elderly people with dementia living in group homes as perceived by dementia carers qualified were generated in the following 4 categories: “placing emphasis on the individual”, “respecting feelings”, “eliciting strengths”, and “close mutual relationship”.

CONSIDERAITON OF DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL FACTORS IN CLASSROOM LANGUAGE TEACHING

本文就学生的个性、学习动力和认知方式等方面的差异对外语课堂教学产生的不同影响进行了探讨，试图从学习者的角度阐述：施教者在教学过程中应注意评析各个差异的优劣因素及其关系，并引导利用于不同的教学目的及技能培养上，使课堂教学达到因材施教的最优化。

On the Active Role of Individualized Teaching Mode in English Teaching

It is generally agreed in the educational circles that the success of teaching lies largely in students * active participation and the due respect for their personalities, and that is where individualized teaching comes into play. This article attempts to introduce some related concepts in individualized teaching, its characteristics and advantages and the design principles of the individualized teaching mode.

Teacher's in-Class Feedback Based on Individual Learner Differences in EFL Writing Classroom

Studies on feedback in second language(L2) writing have mainly focused on feedback per se, with little attention paid tothe individual learner differences. This study investigates how teacher’s in-class feedback based on individual learner differencesaffects EFL students’correction of writings and students’attitude towards teacher’s in-class feedback based on their individualdifference, as well as the factors that influence teachers’feedback among three EFL students and an in-service English teacher byemploying interviews, classroom observations. The findings indicate that students pay more attention to their errors in their writingsand students hold a positive attitude towards teacher’s in-class feedback based on their individual differences, students’aptitudeand personality mostly affect teacher’s in-class feedback.

个体特征与能力对临床医学生儿科就业意愿的影响分析

目的了解个体特征与能力对临床医学生儿科行业就业意愿的影响。方法采用问卷调查的方式,对某高校全日制本科生的个体特征(性别、年级、生源地)和个人能力(专业类别、是否有儿科行业相关知识的储备)进行调查研究。结果发出问卷1000份,回收问卷955份,问卷回收率95.5%;性别和生源地变量对儿科行业就业意愿没有相关性(P>0.05),年级、专业类别和有无儿科相关知识储备对儿科行业就业意愿有影响(P<0.05)。结论年级、专业类别与有无儿科相关知识储备对儿科行业就业意愿有影响,高校可优化培养模式,增加医学生对儿科行业的兴趣和了解,促进儿科专业队伍的可持续发展,从而解决儿科医生短缺现象。

教育数字化转型背景下教师育人智慧的内涵解析、价值意蕴与实践路径

习近平总书记将新时代教师应具备的育人智慧凝练为“启智润心、因材施教”。具体到教师育人实践中,是提升教师队伍整体建设水平、发挥教师作为教育智力资源引领作用的客观需要。从教育理念传承视角和教育要素转变视角理解教师育人智慧的内涵,进而体会教师育人智慧的文化价值和实践价值,有助于指导教师客观、准确、全面地实践育人智慧。教师在育人智慧的实践过程中要结合教育数字化转型规律,利用教育数字化转型优势,立足贯彻“因材施教”原则,以强化数字素养为基础,打造以学生为中心的“辨材—塑材—成材”数字育人链条。按照灵活开展数字教学、构建协同育人格局等实践路径达成“启智”“润心”目标,发挥教师高水平育人的职业价值。

优化我国养老金制度体系:个人养老金制度的发展定位

我国已初步建成了第三支柱个人养老金制度,但该制度尚未实现规模化发展。分析现行养老金制度体系面临的现实困境后发现诸多问题,如第一支柱可持续性面临挑战,第二支柱发挥的作用有限,养老资产规模不足等。个人养老金制度对于优化我国养老金体系具有关键作用。据此,明确个人养老金制度的发展定位,包括完善三支柱养老保障体系、提高基本养老保险待遇水平、增加养老金资产储备、强化个人养老储备意识。提出政府应该协调发展三支柱养老保险,实施税收激励政策并加强宣传教育以激励个人的有效参与,优化养老资产储备的投资管理的相关建议。

数据交易中个人信息保护制度之完善——以“知情—同意”规则为核心

个人数据交易法律框架的构建需要实现数据主体权益与数据流通效率之间的动态平衡。现有的“知情—同意”规则体系无法适应数据交易市场的复杂情境,不仅难以发挥立法者预期的保护个人权益之效用,数据流通效率与数字经济发展也严重受阻。个人数据交易场景迫切期盼“知情—同意”规则的适时修正,包括重塑数据处理者在数据交易中的告知义务,破解数据处理者须逐次征求数据主体同意的机制,交易客体应限于数据主体初次授权同意的数据范畴,明确个人数据危险扩大时的特别告知义务,以及限制数据主体就其个人信息同意的撤回权,设置数据主体的限制撤回期间和正当理由,规定不当撤回同意者应对数据处理者遭受的交易损失承担损害赔偿责任等。

基于单体建筑数据的震后人员埋压分布快速估计方法初探

最大限度降低人员伤亡,是震后开展救援工作的首要目标。当地震发生后,快速精确地估计震后人员埋压分布,为救援行动提供方向指导,是震后需要紧急开展的工作。本文在总结前人工作的基础上,提出了一种利用高精度数据开展震后人员埋压分布估计的方法。首先根据实验目的进行数据采集和整理;然后将单体建筑物按照结构类型和使用类型进行划分,在此基础上进行精细尺度人口空间化;最后依据典型建筑物易损性曲线和设定的PGA计算出建筑物破坏情况,进而实现对人员埋压位置的快速估计。本文以天津宝坻城区为研究区,选取了3种典型的震后埋压人员分布评估方法。在设定的2种地震情景下,计算结果显示人员埋压分布在数量上存在差异,但人员埋压分布区域和相对数量高值区一致,均为砖木结构,与之相对的抗震能力较强且建筑年龄较新的框架剪力墙住宅建筑发生震后人员埋压的可能性不大,本研究可为地震应急救援工作提供决策参考。

日本法人处罚的现状与课题——组织模式并用说与企业系统过失责任的提案

日本对法人犯罪采“两罚制”,但该制度存在着处罚标准不明确、处罚根据不明晰及预期效果难以达成的问题,故应考虑代替方案。但作为传统立法论的企业组织体责任论与法人行为责任说均存在着缺陷。作为因应,应提倡组织模式并用说。该说在考虑法人作为“被认可为在法律上具有与自然人同样权限与能力的存在”及“组织体之性质”的基础上,承认个人模式与组织模式的各自意义并一并采用。一方面,该说基于对责任主义中主观责任之原则的尊重,将能与法人等同的自然人的意思与行为视为法人的意思与行为,并追究法人的故意、过失责任;另一方面,该说基于企业系统过失责任,赋予企业法人建设相应系统的法律义务。

自动化决策拒绝权的整体主义实现

个体主义范式的自动化决策拒绝权以人的主体性为价值内核,依靠个人的理性和自主控制能力,以个人的自我保护为主展开。在此范式下形成的自动化决策二分法和个人自主检视模式难以使自动化决策拒绝权充分实现,无法对数智化社会的自动化决策风险进行有效回应。整体主义将事物整体作为基本分析单位,强调事物之间的系统性关联,与我国自动化决策拒绝权构建的基本逻辑相契合,能够为自动化决策拒绝权提供方法论基础。整体主义要求自动化决策拒绝权在价值内核上坚持人的主体价值与共同善的统一,在适用条件上强调基于整体思维的组织结构标准,在实现方式上基于先在规制对义务体系进行重塑。

碎片化学习中学习者个体差异与学习满意度的关联性研究

采用问卷调查的方法,结合AMOS软件构建碎片化学习环境下学习者个体差异与学习满意度的结构方程模型。研究发现,学习者的自我效能感、学习期望、学习动机、感知易用、感知有用、学习风格等方面与学习满意度的关联有统计学意义;学习经历与自我效能感和学习动机、学习水平与学习期望、自我效能感和学习期望与学习动机、感知易用和感知有用与学习动机、感知有用与学习动机之间的关联有统计学意义;在学习风格划分类型的信息加工维度、理解维度与学习满意度之间的关联有统计学意义。因此,在碎片化学习环境下学习活动设计需要考虑学习者个体特征的差异性,利用个性化学习活动设计来达到最终学习者学习满意度的一致性,以期提高碎片化学习环境中学习活动设计的成效。

论个人信息知情同意规则的强弱模式——兼论劳动关系场景中的选择与适用

知情同意规则虽内涵了知情规则和同意规则,但其规则重点并不相同,前者侧重于信息提供和获取,后者侧重于意愿表达与选择。《个人信息保护法》的知情同意规则适用呈现为“强知情+强同意”“强知情+弱同意”“弱知情+弱同意”三种模式。劳动关系场景是检验个人信息保护知情同意规则的重要场域,采取“强知情+弱同意”模式符合理论原则和现实需要:为减少弱同意的损害后果,需要以利益一致原则为基础对涉及劳动者个人信息处理的劳动规章制度和合同内容进行实质审查;为确保强知情规则的落实,需从用人单位信息处理告知义务履行、知情规则中知情权请求权的实现机制构建以及劳资信息处理沟通、理解与共识机制形成三个方面实现劳动者个人信息保护和利用的平衡。

侵犯公民个人信息罪的法益界定及其路径

在法益二元论视域下,侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益并不符合集体法益的内涵特征,集体法益说存在一定的逻辑缺陷。侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益应当是基于公法法益观的个人法益——个人信息安全,兼顾个人信息的多元价值,回应网络社会保障公民个人信息合理利用之诉求。

Considerations Regarding the Legal Regime of Authorized Natural Persons,the Sole Proprietorship and Family Businesses in Romania

The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal framework in a representative country in Eastern Europe.Business activities can be carried out individually by individuals as well as large corporations,firms,and companies that have the status of legal persons.The business carried out by individuals,mainly in terms of the quality of an authorized natural person,is particularly important because it contributes to the development of the middle class within society and to giving professional and financial independence to different categories of professionals.The main aspects related to the qualification of specific notions in the field,the administrative steps for acquiring the status of an authorized natural person,individual enterprise and family enterprise,and their legal regime will be found in the article.