Effect of culture methods on individual variation in the growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus within a cohort and family

There is substantial individual variation in the growth rates of sea cucumber Apostiehopus japonicus individuals. This necessitates additional work to grade the seed stock and lengthens the production period. We evaluated the influence of three culture methods （free-mixed, isolated-mixed, isolated-alone） on individual variation in growth and assessed the relationship between feeding, energy conversion efficiency, and individual growth variation in individually cultured sea cucumbers. Of the different culture methods, animals grew best when reared in the isolated-mixed treatment （i.e., size classes were held separately）, though there was no difference in individual variation in growth between rearing treatment groups. The individual variation in growth was primarily attributed to genetic factors. The difference in food conversion efficiency caused by genetic differences among individuals was thought to be the origin of the variance. The level of individual growth variation may be altered by interactions among individuals and environmental heterogeneity. Our results suggest that, in addition to traditional seed grading, design of a new kind of substrate that changes the spatial distribution of sea cucumbers would effectively enhance growth and reduce individual variation in growth of sea cucumbers in culture.

Spatial Pattern of Female Non-agricultural Employment and Its Driving Forces in Guangdong Province,China:A Perspective of Individual and Family-level

Promoting women’s employment is not only the need of social and economic development,but also the historical mission of liberating women.This paper uses data from the 1%Population Sample Survey,taken in Guangdong Province in 2015,to explore how women’s marital status,education,and family environment affect the female non-agricultural employment rate(FNAER)on a county scale using a spatial-lag model.The results show that:1)The female non-agricultural employment rate in counties of Guangdong Province is low,with more than three-quarters of counties having female non-agricultural employment rate less than 50%.Moreover,the spatial distribution of FNAER is uneven,with the high-value areas concentrated in the southeast and the low-value areas mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Guangdong Province.2)From the perspective of industry,there are significant spatial differences among women.In the southeast,women are mainly engaged in the secondary industry,while in the central and western regions,women are mainly engaged in the tertiary industry.3)Women having better skills and more effective support from the elderly can improve the FNAER.Women having lower skills,smaller-scale families,a higher fertility rate,and households with two or more elderly members have a negative effect on the FNAER.4)Public policies suggest that improving women’s education and their family environment,building social welfare facilities,and repairing the family environment will increase the FNAER.

On Collectivism-Individualism dimension in Chinese and Western Family Relationships

Western culture emphasizes on individualism,individual freedom and personal choice,while Chinese people put more emphasis on collectivism.Collectivism-Individualism value differences can also be reflected in Chinese and Western Family Relationships,which may sometimes lead to conflicts between the couples in the cross-cultural marriage and their families.

Confucianism versus Individualism： A Cross-cultural Comparison of Nurturing and Schooling between China and the United States

family and school are two significant institutions of human society, involving two important phases, i.e., nurture and schooling. A study of how these two phases progress in China and in the United States would help us to get a glimpse of the cultural differences bctween the two countries. Whereas Confucian traditions still strongly influence present-day China, individualism prevails in American society.

Prevalence and Patterns of Divorce in Vietnam： Tradition, Modernity, and Individualism

In Vietnam, divorce traditionally was considered scandalous for women, so there was a strong pressure against divorce, especially for women. While divorce has long been culturally discouraged and limited, divorce has been rapidly increasing after the renovation policy in late 1980s with alternative causes, consequences, etc Modernization is a process of transforming ＂traditional＂ society to ＂modern＂ one, in order to achieve economic development and growth, to innovate politics and to enhance their social structure towards a political, social, and economic system similar to those of western developed countries. In the field of marriage, family, and kinship, modernization process experiences the maintenance of traditional values and the appearance of the new modern values. This paper aims to examine trend and correlates of divorce and to identify social and cultural factors influencing the divorce decision, using data of divorce profiles of one district court in 10 years （i.e., 2000-2009） with total divorce profiles analyzed are 2,033 cases, of which 499 divorce couples in a rural district and 1,534 divorced couples in an urban area.

The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Resilience on the Relationship between Individual Resilience and Depression in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective:This study evaluated the effect of resilience on depression among patients with breast cancer from individual and familial perspectives by exploring the mediating and moderating effects of family resilience between individual resilience and depression.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 337 patients with breast cancer who were admitted to the Oncology Department of Jiangsu Province Hospital.The survey included demographic information,the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),the Family Resilience Assessment Scale(FRAS),and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)for Depression.The relationship among individual resilience,family resilience,and depression was analyzed using hierarchical regression and bootstrap test to assess the mediating and moderating effects of family resilience.Results:The depression scores were(13.50±5.16),the individual resilience scores were(48.62±17.50),and the family resilience scores were(105.98±24.35).Significant differences in depression scores were observed in terms of family monthly income,average weekly exercise before diagnosis,post-diagnosis interpersonal relationship quality,and overall sleep quality in the past month(p<0.05).Patients with lower individual resilience had significantly higher depression scores than those with higher resilience(F=24.314,p<0.001),and similarly,patients with lower family resilience had higher depression scores than those with higher family resilience(F=41.660,p<0.001).Individual resilience and family resilience were significantly negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.447 and-0.441,respectively,p<0.001).Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrap test showed that family resilience(β=-0.310,p<0.001)had a partial mediating effect between individual resilience(β=-0.321,p<0.001)and depression.The indirect effect size was-0.038,the 95%CI was(-0.056,-0.020),and the direct effect ratio was 71.43%.The interaction of family resilience and individual resilience had a moderating effect on depression(B=0.166,p<0.001).Family resilience negatively moderated the relationship between individual resilience and depressive symptoms and enhanced the protective effect of individual resilience against depression with increasing family resilience.Conclusion:Family resilience has mediating and moderating effects between individual resilience and depression in patients with breast cancer.

Screening for pancreatic cancer in familial high-risk individuals: A systematic review

AIM:To analyze the benefits and harms of pancreatic cancer screening in familial high-risk individuals(HRIs).METHODS:Studies were identified by searching PubMed,EBSCO,ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane database from database inception to June 2014.We also obtained papers from the reference lists of pertinent studies and systematic reviews.Englishlanguage trials and observational studies were searched.The key words used as search terms were "screening" and "surveillance".Cost-effectiveness,diagnostic rate,survival rate,mortality and adverse events were the outcomes of interest.Age,sex,lifestyle and other confounding factors were also considered.However,anticipating only a few of these studies,we also included observational studies with or without control groups.We also included studies concerning the anxiety associated with pancreatic cancer risk and other psychological changes in familial HRIs.We extracted details on study design,objectives,population characteristics,inclusion criteria,year of enrollment,method of screening,adjusted and unadjusted mortality,cost-effectiveness and adverse events from the included studies.Studies were assessed using the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology(STROBE) checklist.RESULTS:Sixteen studies on pancreatic cancer screening were included.Five studies included control groups,nine were observational studies without control groups,and the other two studies investigated the worry associated with pancreatic cancer risk.We found that pancreatic cancer screening resulted in a high curative resection rate(60%vs 25%,P = 0.011),longer median survival time(14.5 mo vs 4 mo,P < 0.001),and higher 3-year survival rate(20%vs 15.0%,P =0.624).We also found that familial HRIs had a higher diagnostic rate of pancreatic tumors than controls(34%vs 7.2%,P< 0.001).In patients who underwent regular physical examinations,more stage I pancreatic cancers were observed(19%vs 2.6%,P= 0.001).In addition,endoscopic ultrasonography,which was the main means of detection,diagnosed 64.3%of pancreatic cancers.In comparison,endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the pancreas,magnetic resonance imaging,and computed tomography diagnosed 28.6%,42.9%,and21.4%,respectively.For mass lesions,instant surgery was recommended because of the beneficial effects of post-operative chemotherapy.However,in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms,we did not find a significant difference in outcome between surgery and follow-up without treatment.Moreover,pancreatic cancer screening in familial HRIs had a greater perceived risk of pancreatic cancer(P< 0.0001),higher levels of anxiety regarding pancreatic cancer(P< 0.0001),and increased economic burden.CONCLUSION:Pancreatic cancer screening in familial HRIs is associated with a higher detection rate and longer survival,although screening may influence psychological function and increase the economic burden.

Considerations Regarding the Legal Regime of Authorized Natural Persons,the Sole Proprietorship and Family Businesses in Romania

The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal framework in a representative country in Eastern Europe.Business activities can be carried out individually by individuals as well as large corporations,firms,and companies that have the status of legal persons.The business carried out by individuals,mainly in terms of the quality of an authorized natural person,is particularly important because it contributes to the development of the middle class within society and to giving professional and financial independence to different categories of professionals.The main aspects related to the qualification of specific notions in the field,the administrative steps for acquiring the status of an authorized natural person,individual enterprise and family enterprise,and their legal regime will be found in the article.

多元化与内卷化:大学生就业意愿变化的趋势分析(2015—2023年)

大学生就业意愿是青年职业价值观的重要部分,是理解大学生就业选择、预测大学生就业行为的重要前提。近些年尤其是高等教育进入普及化阶段以来,大学生就业形势面临着外部环境和内部结构的诸多新不利因素,大学生就业意愿也呈现出新的特征和发展趋势。使用2015—2023年中国大学生追踪调查(PSCUS)数据,对大学生就业意愿的新特征、新趋势、影响机制及其变迁进行分析。研究发现,近10年大学生就业意愿总体上呈现多元化选择趋势,同时也体现出“升学内卷”和“体制内卷”的特征。宏观外部环境、大学生家庭资本和个体人力资本的差异均影响到了大学生就业意愿的分化。大学生就业意愿的变化对其顺利就业的负面影响需要引起足够重视。

我国外出劳动力省际回流特征及其个体影响效应研究

非户籍地省际回流是回流返迁的重要构成,为了更加深入了解劳动力回流特征及其返迁后生活状况的变化,利用2017年全国流动人口监测调查数据(CMDS),探究我国外出劳动力非户籍地省际回流的特征,并使用倾向值得分匹配法(PSM)从经济收入与消费、家庭团聚、社会保障、社会归属感四个维度对其省际回流的个体影响效应进行评估。主要结果发现:第一,城镇地区是外出劳动力非户籍地省际回流的优先选择,其中县级城市的回流比例相对较低,非省会的地级市回流比例高于省会城市;中西部与东部地区的双向流动模式已初步显现;回流的家庭化特征明显,实现家庭团聚和寻求家庭稳定发展是流动人口的终极目标。第二,与跨省流动相比,省际回流后的劳动力收入水平显著降低,与配偶、子女居住的家庭化流动程度更高,社会医疗保险参与度和社会归属感得到明显的提升。此外,协变量中年龄、受教育年限与省际回流均呈现“倒U型”的关系;已婚、少数民族人口更容易回流;跨省流动时间越长和跨省时子女随迁的劳动力回流可能性越小。总体来看,家庭因素是整个回流决策中重要的影响因素,流动人口政策的制定要更多地考虑流动人口及其家庭成员的发展和福利保障;同时回流地区也要重视回流劳动力对地区发展的重要性,通过创业扶持和产业转型等方式为提升回流劳动力的收入水平和地区的发展创造更多的机会。

露水河沙松优良家系与优良单株初选

以吉林省露水河清水河林场17 a生沙松半同胞子代测定林为研究对象,测定81个参试家系(含1个对照)树高、胸径,调查成活率,估算遗传力,计算各指标变异系数、家系遗传力、遗传增益;采用综合评定法筛选优良家系与优良单株。结果表明:17 a生沙松平均树高为3.42 m,平均胸径为4.82 cm,平均材积为0.00533 m^(3)。参试家系各测定指标差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),家系间树高、胸径、材积和保存率平均变异系数分别为31.39%、51.75%、58.77%、24.02%;树高、胸径、材积家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为0.545、0.593、0.572和0.232、0.284、0.260。经综合评分排序,按10%入选率筛选出77#、46#、103#、54#、5#、90#、7#、32#等8个优良家系,平均树高、胸径、材积分别为3.85 m、5.93 cm、0.00764 m^(3),分别比对照家系高0.39 m、0.95 cm、0.00184 m^(3),比总平均值高0.43 m、1.11 cm、0.00231 m^(3);优良家系树高、胸径、材积平均遗传增益分别为14.06%、35.33%、49.79%。在优良家系中按10%入选率选择优良单株18株,平均树高、胸径、材积分别为5.15 m、9.69 cm、0.02007 m^(3),分别比对照家系高1.69 m、4.71 cm、0.01427 m^(3),比总平均值高1.73 m、4.87 cm、0.0147 m^(3);优良单株树高、胸径、材积平均遗传增益分别为13.48%、24.69%、33.03%。选出的优良家系与优良单株可为吉林省沙松人工林培育提供育种资源。

基于“互联网+”的家庭-学校-个人三位一体管理模式在桂西地区学龄期哮喘患儿延续护理中的应用效果

目的探究基于“互联网+”的家庭-学校-个人三位一体管理模式在桂西地区学龄期哮喘患儿延续护理中的应用效果。方法选取儿内科出院的82例学龄期哮喘患儿为研究对象,其中2018年2月1日至2020年2月28日出院的37例患儿为对照组,2020年3月1日至2022年2月28日出院的45例患儿为观察组。对照组实施常规延续护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于“互联网+”的家庭-学校-个人三位一体管理模式。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的日常生活管理、疾病医学管理、情绪认知管理评分及总分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的患儿日常生活、疾病管理能力、父母相互支持评分高于对照组,疾病精力消耗、疾病管理困难及疾病影响担心评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的哮喘总控制率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于“互联网+”的家庭-学校-个人三位一体管理模式在桂西地区学龄期哮喘患儿延续性护理中取得显著应用价值。

比较框架下的家庭重要性评价:对个体化理论的再思考

围绕家庭这一社会基本构成单位,个体化理论从“脱嵌”和“复嵌”两个角度分别呈现了“束缚命题”和“保护命题”,前者将家庭视为个体化进程中的束缚力量,而后者将家庭视为保护个体抵御各种风险的保护器。围绕这两个命题,在利用多种方法分析世界价值观调查数据的基础上,可以发现,个体化倾向强的个体对于家庭和朋友重要性的评价都显著偏低,而家庭重要性评判和朋友重要性评判之间的差异与个体化的态度之间没有显著的联系。在家庭与工作、家庭与休闲时间之间,个体化倾向更加促使个体赋予工作和休闲时间以更高的重要性。这说明个体化进程对于家庭制度的冲击只是其对超越个体的集体性机制冲击的个例。除了家庭之外,个体化过程也会对其他集体性机制(如交友)产生影响。尽管家庭重要性评价取决于家庭是否有足够强的经济能力抵御风险,但是,对家庭经济状况更好的个体而言,相比于家庭,其更加愿意赋予朋友以及休闲时间以更高的重要性。这一发现表明,一个具有良好经济状况的家庭是促使个体化的一种助力。

“老漂族”返乡自我养老选择的影响机制研究

城市化进程的加快导致大量老年人进城照顾孙辈、料理家务,“老漂族”群体由此产生。随着老龄化现象的加剧,“老漂族”养老日渐成为一个新的社会问题。根据个人生命周期和养老空间选择的双重维度,“老漂族”的养老方式可分为四种类型:返乡自我养老、返乡家庭养老、进城抚育式养老和进城家庭养老。大部分“老漂族”更愿意选择返乡自我养老,而他们选择这种养老方式的影响机制包括三个方面:第一,利他主义心理,“老漂族”认为自己是家庭负担,返乡自我养老能减轻子女家庭的压力;第二,“老漂族”在城市中往往属于边缘者、弱者角色,难以形成身份认同以及获得归属感,而返乡自我养老能获得身份认同和归属感;第三,个体化的需求,“老漂族”返乡自我养老能获得独立的空间和自由的闲暇时间,并减少与子女之间的矛盾。

早年留守经历对农村留守儿童成年后生育动机的影响

基于2010—2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),采用反事实分析方法将生育动机分为个人导向型和家庭导向型,探讨了早年留守经历对农村留守儿童成年后生育动机的影响。研究结果表明:早年留守经历会减弱农村留守儿童成年后家庭导向型生育动机,并加强其个人导向型生育动机;异质性分析表明留守经历主要弱化男性、“90后”、独生子女以及受过高等教育的群体的家庭导向型生育动机。而机制分析表明,农村留守儿童的留守经历会通过影响心理健康和社会地位进而影响其成年后的家庭导向型生育动机。进一步的分析发现,留守经历对仅父亲外出以及在0~3岁时经历留守的群体的家庭导向型生育动机的负面影响程度更深,且最终会降低其生育意愿。因此,应重点关注留守儿童的心理健康,尽力弥补其家庭父母教育和情感的缺失,以帮助其形成积极的生育观。

基于行为诱导法的个性化心理护理结合家属赋权干预对学龄期毛细支气管炎门诊雾化吸入治疗患儿医疗恐惧及配合度的影响

目的探讨基于行为诱导法的个性化心理护理结合家属赋权干预在学龄期毛细支气管炎门诊雾化吸入治疗患儿中的应用效果。方法选取2020年9月至2022年3月我院收治的90例学龄期毛细支气管炎门诊雾化吸入治疗患儿为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用基于行为诱导法的个性化心理护理结合家属赋权干预。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的医疗恐惧调查量表(CMFS)各维度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的配合度优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的呼吸频率(RR)、功能残气量(FRC)低于对照组,潮气量(TV)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于行为诱导法的个性化心理护理结合家属赋权干预可减轻学龄期毛细支气管炎门诊雾化吸入治疗患儿的医疗恐惧感,提高其配合度,也能促进患儿肺功能改善,值得临床推广应用。

锥栗半同胞家系栗疫病抗性与生长性状的遗传分析

为筛选出生长良好且栗疫病抗性强的优良家系和优良单株,对12个锥栗半同胞家系的栗疫病抗性相关性状及生长性状进行变异分析、方差分析、相关性分析和遗传参数估算。结果表明,12个锥栗半同胞家系各性状的平均变异系数为20.19%,病斑面积的变异系数最大,为39.76%,叶形指数的变异系数最小,为11.14%。病斑宽、叶面积、叶周长、叶长、叶脉数在家系间具有显著差异(P<0.05),感病率、感病指数、叶宽在家系间具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。苗高与感病率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与感病指数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);叶长与感病率、感病指数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。筛选出JO14('白露仔’)、JO8('油桐仔’)、JO_(2)('大苞榛’)3个优良家系;筛选出9株(JO_(2)-25、JO13-29、JO14-32、JO_(2)-12、JO8-17、JO_(3)-4、JO5-26、JO_(2)-19、JO12-20)栗疫病抗性强的优良单株,4株(JO_(2)-5、JO7-16、JO8-17、JO14-3)生长良好的优良单株,其中JO8-17抗性强且生长良好。

家庭教育如何促进儿童完整成人

儿童阶段作为个体生命的开端,其身心发展自有其独立价值与完整内涵。儿童依托家庭对世界产生整体性感知,逐渐从模糊存在走向人格自觉。父母承担教养儿童的主要责任,基于亲子关系的家庭教育对早期儿童的发展尤为重要。家庭是独立的教育场域,父母为儿童提供原初的生活世界,以人性的呵护与历练作为基础教育的起点;家庭有亲密的教育关系,父母为儿童提供完整的道德原型、联结人际环境产生的共情之爱与道德行为主见,帮助儿童顺利走进学校形成学习动力;家庭有丰富的教育活动,父母促进儿童多方面能力的成长,以生命力为整体发展的核心,儿童由自然向着社会敞开。我们需要重新认识儿童,重新理解家庭的教育意义,以此为基础,重构家庭教育的实践路径。首先,要建立亲子共在,唤起儿童仁爱的生命体验;其次,要健全儿童德行,萌发儿童充分的心智自由;最后,要呵护儿童天性,激励儿童以勇气进入世界。以仁、智、勇三者具备为范型促进儿童走向完整成人。

家哲学的登场、进路与前景

以“家”为基点的哲学思考在中国学界逐渐升温,“家哲学”的兴起是学界面对现代性的弊病,反思儒家伦理学,试图复兴优秀传统文化,促进儒家伦理的现代转型,构建中国特色哲学话语体系的一种尝试。通过中西比较视野,运用现象学、人类学方法,以及家的本体论建构,家哲学研究致力于寻找家的普遍性意义,呈现规范性的理论进路。家哲学的当代进路,需要从文明形态对话的视阈审视家哲学的理性限度,回应流动性社会、全球化、人工智能时代家哲学的建构功能,探索当代中国老龄文明所需要的家哲学文化战略。