Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in indoor dust are one of the common exposure sources for children worldwide.The aim of this study is to explore PAHs pollution status in indoor dust and estimate health risk on C...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in indoor dust are one of the common exposure sources for children worldwide.The aim of this study is to explore PAHs pollution status in indoor dust and estimate health risk on Chinese children with big data.Weighted average concentration was used to analyze source and characterization of PAHs in indoor dust based on peer=reviewed literature.According to specific inclusion crteria,17 studies were included finally to analyze weighted average concentration.The national average concentration of ∑_(16)PAHs was approximately 25.696 ug/g.The highest concentration of ∑_(16)AHs was in Shanxi(2111.667 ug/g),and the lowest was in Hong Kong(1.505 μg/g).The concentrations in Shanxi and Guangdong were higher than national level and the over standard rate was 18.18%.The concentrations of individual PAHs varied greatly across the country,and Flu in Shanxi was the highest(189.400 μg/g).The sources of PAHs varied in different regions and combustion processes played a leading role.PAHs exposure through ingestion and dermal contact was more carcinogenic than inhalation.The incremental lifetime cancer risk model indicated that children lived in Shanxi were found in the highest health risk coupled with the highest BaPE concentration(54.074μg/g).Although PAHs concentrations of indoor dust showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2018,indoor environmental sanitation should be improved with multidisciplinary efforts.Health standard should be possibly established to minimize children exposure to PAHs in indoor dust in China.展开更多
Bisphenol A(BPA)and replacements,such as bisphenol S(BPS)and F(BPF)and other substitutes(BPSMAE,D-8 and TGSA)have been recently reported in thermal paper.In this study,BPA,BPS,BPF;BPS-MAE,D-8 and TGSA were analysed in...Bisphenol A(BPA)and replacements,such as bisphenol S(BPS)and F(BPF)and other substitutes(BPSMAE,D-8 and TGSA)have been recently reported in thermal paper.In this study,BPA,BPS,BPF;BPS-MAE,D-8 and TGSA were analysed in indoor dust collected in Spain from different microenvironments(living rooms,bedrooms,cars and offices).Levels were compared with those reported in our previous study(shops and other public microenvironments,where frequent use of thermal paper is expected).We investigated the differences between microenvironments,possible correlations between compounds and estimated the ingestion rates.BPS-MAE,D-8 and TGSA were present at levels up to 529,128 and 356 ng g^-1,respectively,in all the microenvironments.The highest levels were measured in cars.展开更多
This study evaluates the characteristic levels,sources and risk of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in indoor dusts from electronic repair workshops in southern Nigeria.The dust samples were col...This study evaluates the characteristic levels,sources and risk of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in indoor dusts from electronic repair workshops in southern Nigeria.The dust samples were collected by gentle sweeping with a brush and dustpan,and subsequently dried and extracted with hexane/dichloromethane by ultrasonication.The extracts were purified on a silica gel/alumina column,and then analysed for their PAH content by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The concentrations of PAHs in the electronic repair workshop dusts ranged between 205 and 2963 mg kg1.The compositional patterns indicate the dominance of 5-and 3-ring PAH homologues.The estimated benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenic(BaPTEQ)and mutagenic(BaPMEQ)potency concentrations ranged from 67 to 401 mg kg^-1 and 56.5e277 mg kg^-1 respectively.The non-cancer risk(hazard index,HI)arising from human contact with PAHs in the electronic repair workshop dusts were less than one for all human subject age groups indicating that there is no considerable non-cancer risk.The cancer risk values for the ingestion and dermal contact routes were greater than the acceptable risk of 10^-6,which suggests that there is a considerable cancer risk associated with unconscious ingestion and dermal contact with dust particles from these electronic repair workshops.The isomeric ratios for the PAHs in the dust samples and principal component analysis suggest that combustion of biomass and vehicular emissions were responsible for the presence of PAHs in the electronic repair workshop dusts.展开更多
Objective Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite （HDM） and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households. Methods Dust samp...Objective Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite （HDM） and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households. Methods Dust samples were collected from nine cities. Major allergens Der p 1 and Der f I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and specific antigens of Blomia tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro, and cockroach species Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana were measured by ELISA.Results HDM allergens were found in dust samples from bedding in 95% of the Chinese households. The median levels varied from 〈0.006 to 9.2 μg/g of dust, depending on the city. The percentages of households having HDM allergen levels associated with the risk of developing allergy sensitization and asthma were 65% and 25%, respectively. Specific antigens of the storage mite and cockroach were only found in samples from the southern and tropical regions of China. Levels of mite allergens were generally higher in samples from bedding compared to samples from the living room, even for storage mites, whereas levels of cockroach antigens were higher in the living room samples.Conclusion HDM allergens are present in bedding dust samples from most Chinese households. Cities in southern and central China have relatively high levels of HDM major allergens compared to cities in northern and western China. Antigens of storage mites and cockroaches are not as common as HDM allergens.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976169)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(No.8182055)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment,China(No.BSBE2017-09)。
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in indoor dust are one of the common exposure sources for children worldwide.The aim of this study is to explore PAHs pollution status in indoor dust and estimate health risk on Chinese children with big data.Weighted average concentration was used to analyze source and characterization of PAHs in indoor dust based on peer=reviewed literature.According to specific inclusion crteria,17 studies were included finally to analyze weighted average concentration.The national average concentration of ∑_(16)PAHs was approximately 25.696 ug/g.The highest concentration of ∑_(16)AHs was in Shanxi(2111.667 ug/g),and the lowest was in Hong Kong(1.505 μg/g).The concentrations in Shanxi and Guangdong were higher than national level and the over standard rate was 18.18%.The concentrations of individual PAHs varied greatly across the country,and Flu in Shanxi was the highest(189.400 μg/g).The sources of PAHs varied in different regions and combustion processes played a leading role.PAHs exposure through ingestion and dermal contact was more carcinogenic than inhalation.The incremental lifetime cancer risk model indicated that children lived in Shanxi were found in the highest health risk coupled with the highest BaPE concentration(54.074μg/g).Although PAHs concentrations of indoor dust showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2018,indoor environmental sanitation should be improved with multidisciplinary efforts.Health standard should be possibly established to minimize children exposure to PAHs in indoor dust in China.
基金Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities(Project CTQ2017-83823R)A.Ballesteros-Gomez acknowledges the funding from Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities for a Ramon y Cajal contract(RYC-2015-18482).
文摘Bisphenol A(BPA)and replacements,such as bisphenol S(BPS)and F(BPF)and other substitutes(BPSMAE,D-8 and TGSA)have been recently reported in thermal paper.In this study,BPA,BPS,BPF;BPS-MAE,D-8 and TGSA were analysed in indoor dust collected in Spain from different microenvironments(living rooms,bedrooms,cars and offices).Levels were compared with those reported in our previous study(shops and other public microenvironments,where frequent use of thermal paper is expected).We investigated the differences between microenvironments,possible correlations between compounds and estimated the ingestion rates.BPS-MAE,D-8 and TGSA were present at levels up to 529,128 and 356 ng g^-1,respectively,in all the microenvironments.The highest levels were measured in cars.
基金BSM acknowledges the support from the University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Research Foundation of South Africa(NRF).
文摘This study evaluates the characteristic levels,sources and risk of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in indoor dusts from electronic repair workshops in southern Nigeria.The dust samples were collected by gentle sweeping with a brush and dustpan,and subsequently dried and extracted with hexane/dichloromethane by ultrasonication.The extracts were purified on a silica gel/alumina column,and then analysed for their PAH content by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The concentrations of PAHs in the electronic repair workshop dusts ranged between 205 and 2963 mg kg1.The compositional patterns indicate the dominance of 5-and 3-ring PAH homologues.The estimated benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenic(BaPTEQ)and mutagenic(BaPMEQ)potency concentrations ranged from 67 to 401 mg kg^-1 and 56.5e277 mg kg^-1 respectively.The non-cancer risk(hazard index,HI)arising from human contact with PAHs in the electronic repair workshop dusts were less than one for all human subject age groups indicating that there is no considerable non-cancer risk.The cancer risk values for the ingestion and dermal contact routes were greater than the acceptable risk of 10^-6,which suggests that there is a considerable cancer risk associated with unconscious ingestion and dermal contact with dust particles from these electronic repair workshops.The isomeric ratios for the PAHs in the dust samples and principal component analysis suggest that combustion of biomass and vehicular emissions were responsible for the presence of PAHs in the electronic repair workshop dusts.
文摘Objective Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite （HDM） and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households. Methods Dust samples were collected from nine cities. Major allergens Der p 1 and Der f I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and specific antigens of Blomia tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro, and cockroach species Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana were measured by ELISA.Results HDM allergens were found in dust samples from bedding in 95% of the Chinese households. The median levels varied from 〈0.006 to 9.2 μg/g of dust, depending on the city. The percentages of households having HDM allergen levels associated with the risk of developing allergy sensitization and asthma were 65% and 25%, respectively. Specific antigens of the storage mite and cockroach were only found in samples from the southern and tropical regions of China. Levels of mite allergens were generally higher in samples from bedding compared to samples from the living room, even for storage mites, whereas levels of cockroach antigens were higher in the living room samples.Conclusion HDM allergens are present in bedding dust samples from most Chinese households. Cities in southern and central China have relatively high levels of HDM major allergens compared to cities in northern and western China. Antigens of storage mites and cockroaches are not as common as HDM allergens.
