A Study for the Influence of the Location of PCMs Assembly System on Improving Thermal Environment inside Disaster-Relief Temporary Houses

Currently,people pay more and more attention to the transitional resettlement of victims after various natural disasters.There is an urgent need for a large number of temporary houses to resettle the victims after natural disasters.Disaster-relief temporary houses(DTHs)played an important role in the post-disaster resettlement in the past,which can not only be produced on a large scale,but also can be quickly and conveniently erected,which were the main means to solve the problem of transitional resettlement.However,due to their temporary nature,there was no extra energy consuming system installed in the DTHs generally.Hence the indoor thermal environment inside the DTHs was severe in summer.In this study,combined with the field experimental tests of the DTHs in Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake and the experimental study of the full-size DTH,it found that the thermal environment inside the DTH was intolerably high in summer.It had negative impact on victims.In order to improve the thermal environment inside DTHs during post-disaster period which lacked of extra energy resources,this study used the method of combining phase change materials(PCMs)with walls of the DTH to explore its feasibility and effectiveness.The results showed that PCMs could effectively improve the thermal environment inside the DTH in summer.Furthermore,the difference of the composite positions between PCMs and the wall affected the improvement effect.The energy release rate of the PCMs assembly system(PAS)varied according to the positions of the PCMs.

Comparison of Illuminance in Different Environments: A Case Study on Subway Stations

With urbanization and the rapid development of social economy,China’s rail transit industry has developed rapidly in recent years.In order to alleviate the pressure of road network,subways provide convenience as they are fast and space-saving.Subway stations are major energy consumers of urban power grid due to their large traffic volume and long operation time.On the premise of ensuring operation safety,reducing the energy consumption of subway helps in energy conservation and emission reduction as proposed in the 13th Five-Year Plan.According to the statistics of the energy-saving evaluation report of rail transit engineering,the lighting system accounts for 20%-30%of the total power consumption of the subway station.Due to the single lighting control mode of the lighting system in the subway station,the actual station illumination cannot be reported and adjusted in time,resulting in the waste of lighting energy and high power consumption of the system.Through in-depth research on the intelligent lighting system of subway station,this paper improves the system control,and finally summarizes the optimization scheme of subway station lighting design which can effectively save the power consumption of lighting system.The main contents of this paper are as follows:The research results of this paper can provide effective measures for energy saving of electric lighting in subway stations and reduce electric energy consumption;on the other hand,as an integral part of building lighting energy-saving system,it also has certain guiding significance for the research of building lighting energy-saving.

Energy consumption pattern and indoor thermal environment of residential building in rural China

With the continuous deepening of China’s rural construction and development,people’s living conditions are improved day by day,while accompanied by energy and environment crisis issues.This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption pattern and the indoor environment of rural households in China and discusses the energy-saving optimization strategies for improving the thermal environment of buildings.Questionnaire surveys and field surveys were conducted in three villages in Guanghan,China.The measurement results show that the annual indoor temperature range of the region in the summer is 15-31℃and the relative humidity range is 34%-96%.The average indoor temperatures in summer and winter are 28℃and 16℃respectively.The indoor thermal environment of rural buildings is usually poor and cannot meet the requirements of Chinese standards.At the same time,the architectural design and energy consumption pattern of rural households are different from those in urban areas as countryside has unique characteristics.Finally,we put forward certain energy-saving improvement measures at the end of the article.

Method for determining climatic design conditions based on the indoor thermal environment risk level

Currently,climatic design conditions are usually selected according to the frequency of climatic parameters them-selves,which method cannot reflect the indoor thermal environment risk level of the building in design.In this regard,the research proposes to construct the correlation between climatic design conditions and indoor thermal environment risk level,and explore the effect of uncertainty in building thermal performance on this correlation from the perspective of probability,thus realizing the process of selecting the climatic design conditions based on the requirement for indoor thermal environment risk level.Taking Guangzhou in China as an example,the new process of determining climatic design conditions is realized.On this basis,the difference between the traditional method and the present research method is compared.In the Chinese norm method,the indoor thermal environ-ment risk level of the building is between 0 and 0.03%when the climatic design conditions are selected with 0.57%cumulative frequency of occurrence;in the research method,the indoor thermal environment risk level of the building is between 0.2%and 0.6%when the climatic design conditions are selected with 0.57%indoor thermal environment risk level and 100%confidence level.The results indicate that the research method can meet the designer’s expectation for indoor thermal environment risk level in design more directly and accurately.

Effect of natural resource on improving indoor thermal environment in Chongqing

This paper analyzes the potential of natural resources to improve the indoor thermal environment in Chongqing through the statistical analysis of natural resources including solar energy,wind,water,and earth,etc.The building form,systems,and principle of usage of natural resources are briefly analyzed through the building site decision,building form design,and computer simula-tion,which will be the real reference for the design of building energy efficiency.

Indoor Environment Control Effect Based on Multi-Impeller Air Conditioner

Air conditioner is the key air supply device to improve the indoor air heat transfer cycle and thermal environment. In this paper, according to the similarity theory, six kinds of the multi-impeller air conditioners(MIAC) with different numbers of axial-flow impeller are first proposed based on air conditioners with cross-flow fan(CFAC). The effects of different multi-impeller air supply modes on the indoor airflow field and temperature field are investigated by using the numerical simulation method. The validity of the computational model and method is verified by comparing the experimental measurements and numerical results. Compared with other air supply modes, the air supply distance is relatively far and the indoor environment is also improved obviously when the six-impeller air conditioner(SIAC) is used. The independent multiple impellers and outlets of SIAC make the mutual interference between the outlet airflow less, which effectively reduces the friction between the airflow and the degree of loss along the way and makes the cold and heat exchange of the whole indoor space more sufficient. The indoor thermal environment is also analyzed by using the PMV-PPD method and prototype experiment. Under the working condition of no wind, the indoor thermal comfort of human body with SIAC is better than that of CFAC. Especially in the horizontal plane of 0.6 m above the human foot, the indoor thermal environment improvement effect is the most obvious. Simultaneously, the temperature difference along the indoor height direction with the SIAC is only 1.7℃, which is 70% lower than that of the CFAC. The blowing angle between the left and right side of the SIAC is 106°, which is 31% higher than that of the CFAC. Therefore, the overall thermal comfort of the six-impeller mode is better, and the control effect of indoor environment is satisfactory.

Impact of metabolism and the clothing thermal resistance on inpatient thermal comfort

For the purpose that relieves the suffering of the patients and shortens their hospital stay,it is crucial to design and manage the environment control systems reasonably to maintain an appropriate indoor thermal environment.However,all of the current thermal comfort theories are based on a healthy population.There are significant differences in metabolism and clothing thermal resistance between inpatients and healthy people,which are re-garded as vital influenced factors on people’s thermal comfort.Therefore,these existing thermal comfort models may not be applicable for inpatients.In this paper,the patients’comfort equation was derived by modifying the metabolism and the clothing thermal resistance based on the thermal comfort model of Professor Fanger,and the rationality of the model was tested by using field experiment data obtained in general wards.Vali-dated by t-tests,the value of AMV and PMV calculated by the modified equation is not markedly different on a 5%significant level for all patients lying on bed in winter.Moreover,the typical comfort diagrams of inpa-tients were established by solving the thermal comfort equation.The results of this study are intended to assist in the formulation of useful guidelines to facilitate the assessment and management of hospital ward thermal environments.

A review and prospect on research progress of adjustable transparent envelope

Considered as the best light source so far,daylight has attracted continuing attention in indoor environment design area.Successful daylighting design could reduce considerable amount of building energy consumption,while retain a satisfactory occupant comfort and working efficiency.Transparent building envelope takes a dominant position in daylighting design as well as solar radiation heat gain,thus attracts attentions from all over the world.Unable to respond to dynamic outdoor environmental parameters,conventional transparent envelope cannot adapt to the continuous development of green building performance requirements,thus the adjustable transparent envelope technologies have become the research focus.In this paper,recent progress on adjustable transparent envelope technologies was collected and analyzed.Their detailed working principle as well as application scope were classified and discussed.Result indicates that existing studies mainly focus on the development of material and equipment.In the aspect of comprehensive application optimization design and control strategy development,the research gap still exists.

Heating load reduction characteristics of passive solar buildings in Tibet,China

China’s Tibet autonomous region has abundant solar energy resources,cold winters,and cool summers.These are ideal conditions for the application of passive solar heating methods.However,differences in climatic conditions and building types can significantly affect passive solar technology’s feasibility,which makes it challenging to promote passive solar buildings in Tibet.In this study,the suitability zone for passive solar technology is categorized based on the sub-zoning indicators for Tibet.By modeling between direct gain windows,Trombe walls,and attached sunspaces,the effect of indoor thermal environments and the capacity for heating load reduction is compared for different passive solar technologies.The climate-difference impact analysis shows that the I-B-1 zone is better suited for passive solar technology than other climate zones.More specifically,this zone has an average energy-saving rate difference of up to 28.61%compared to the II-A-1 zone.The analysis of the impact of building type differences indicates that residential buildings have higher Trombe wall-to-wall ratio limits and more significant potential for energy savings than office buildings.The study also clarifies the implications of Tibet’s climate conditions and building type differences on the effectiveness of passive solar technology.Moreover,it recommends appropriate passive solar technology adoption methods for every climate zone.This study can be used as a reference and engineering guide to improving the indoor thermal environment of Tibetan buildings,tailored to the highly variable local conditions.

Review and development of the contribution ratio of indoor climate(CRI)

An indoor thermal environment is affected by various heat elements,such as heat transfer through walls,solar radiation,and heat emissions from people,lighting and equipment.To promote both local thermal comfort and building energy efficiency,demand-oriented ventilation(such as personalized ventilation)has been developed.When using this method,a good understanding on indoor temperature distribution becomes necessary.For this purpose,an index known as Contribution Ratio of Indoor Climate(CRI)has been developed through extraction from the calculation results of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).This index can be used to analyze the independent contribution of each heat element to indoor temperature distribution.In this paper,a complete and detailed introduction of the CRI is given,including its basic premises,definitions,and mathematical meaning.Particularly,calculation method of the CRI in natural convection airflow fields is further developed.Two cases(forced and natural convection airflow fields)have been carried out in different scenarios,with results showing that the CRI of a heat source had higher values in the area around itself.Also,it had a larger influence range in forced convection airflow field because of the convective airflow,while relatively larger CRI values only appear in the area above the heat source in the natural convection airflow field because of the heat plume.As a useful index for understanding the form of indoor temperature field,the CRI has guiding significance for regulating air-conditioning/ventilation systems to build better indoor thermal environment.