Analysis of Cu,Co,V and Zn in Coastal Waters of the East China Sea by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS)

In this study, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of trace metals(Cu, V, Co, Zn) in coastal seawater using the Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was developed. This multi-element method enables the simultaneous extraction of four metals, particularly Co and V. The recoveries of Cu, Co, V and Zn after Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation were 73%, 96%, 94% and 92%, which means that our procedure was well-suited to the determination of these four trace metals. The detection limits were 3.81, 0.18, 6.09 and 1.91 nmol L-1, respectively. Then, applying this method to the simultaneous determination of these four metals in coastal water samples from the East China Sea revealed that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Co and V were higher in bottom waters compared to water at other depths, and higher concentrations were generally observed at the Yangtze River estuary. Additionally, example vertical profiles of dissolved trace metal concentrations for the East China Sea in spring and autumn are compared. These findings indicate that Zn had the greatest seasonal variation followed by Cu, V and Co. For Zn and Co, the concentrations were higher during spring than during autumn. For Cu and V, the seasonal variation in the concentrations was opposite.

Uncertainty Evaluation of Simultaneous Determination of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic in Cosmetics by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

This study aimed to evaluate the uncertainty of simultaneous determination of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)in cosmetics by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)with ^72Ge,^115In and ^209Bi as internal standards.According to the method of Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics(2015),a mathematical model was established to evaluate the sources and components of uncertainty for the determination of lead,cadmium and arsenic in cosmetics.The results showed that the uncertainties in the determination of lead,cadmium,and arsenic elements in cosmetics were(10.1±0.6)mg/kg,k=2,(4.84±0.28)mg/kg,k=2,(2.04±0.18)mg/kg,k=2,respectively.The main factors that affect the uncertainty of determination results were standard substance,calibration curve,recovery and measurement repeatability.

In vivo and in vitro inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry quantification of minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill and their effect on intestinal flora

OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain,which causes hypoxia or ischemia in some areas.This work aimed to quantify the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro,analyze its effect on the types and abundance of intestinal flora,and study its mechanism on inflammation and apoptosis pathways as a treatment for cerebral ischemia.METHODS Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)were used to determine the minerals and heavy metals in 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vitro.With the use of the middle cerebral artery obstruction(MCAO)model,ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of minerals and heavy metals in hepatic portal vein blood,abdominal aortic blood,brain,liver,kidney,hair,urine and feces at different time periods.On this model,the ileum,cecum,and colon tissues were tested for intestinal pathology,and 16S rRNA was used for sequencing.Species taxonomy,αdiversity,and species microbial composition and structure analysis were also performed.Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of p38 MAPK,caspase-3,IL^(-1)βand TNF-αin the ischemic brain tissues of rats.RESULTS The average content of heavy metals in the 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill samples is in the descending order Hg>Cu>Pb.Significant differences in the metal elements are found among Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill from different manufacturers but not among the different batches of the same manufacturer.An extremely low content of heavy metals are absorbed into the blood or accumulated in the brain,liver,kidney,and other tissues.Stool is the main excretion route of minerals and heavy metals from Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill.This medicine helps repair the intestinal mucosa in MCAO rats.At the phylum level,it can regulate the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia.At the genus level,it can adjust the abundance of Escherichia Shigella.At the species level,it can adjust the abundance of Lactobacillus yoelii and Lactobacillus reuteri.Cluster classification results show that Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill can improve the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia,reduce the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and IL^(-1)βin rat brain tissues,and have a tendency to decrease the mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and TNF-α.CONCLUSION Quantifying the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro will help improve their quality standards.Minerals and heavy metals are mainly excreted in feces,accumulate in extremely low levels in various tissues,and do not damage the intestinal mucosa.The effective material basis of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in treating cerebral ischemia may be related to their Li,Cr,and Cd elements.These pills can improve the environment of intestinal flora,and their mechanism of treatment for cerebral ischemia may be related to the down-regulation of IL^(-1)βinflammatory factor and inhibition of cell apoptosis.

Quantification of human urine and serum iodine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Objective This paper aims at establishing an inductively coupled plasma mass specrometry(ICP-MS)method for quantification and evaluation of iodine in human urine and serum in routine clinical laboratory.Methods This study was methodology validation research on iodine evaluation using ICP-MS.Ammonia,isopropanol and ultrapure water were mixed at certain ratio

Mg/Ca,Ba/Ca,and S/Ca ratios as environmental and growth proxies for bivalve shells from the Haima cold seep,South China Sea

Bivalve shell fossils,cemented by authigenic carbonates,are widely spread in the Haima cold seep,Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea(SCS).In this study,we examined an element profile of Gigantidas platifrons in the Haima cold seeps at a water depth of 1381 m.Based on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses,the prismatic layer and nacreous layer were identified,which are characterized by prismatic structure and stratified structure,respectively.In addition,the profile can be subdivided into two parts:altered and unaltered zones.Laser inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)mapping shows that the element concentrations of the altered zones were influenced by the authigenic carbonate rocks,whereas the element concentrations of unaltered zones remain stable.In-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses show that the mineral constituent of the prismatic layer is mainly composed of aragonite.Along with the growth profile,Mg/Ca ratios of unaltered zones have minor variations,ranging 0.72-0.97 mmol/mol(mean=0.87 mmol/mol),with estimated temperatures of 3.8-4.1℃,indicating that the temperature of the surrounding seawater remains constant and agree with the measured data of 3.9℃which was conducted by a conductivity-temperature-depth system(CTD).The minor variations of Ba/Ca ratios(0.01-0.06 mmol/mol;mean=0.04 mmol/mol)indicate a relatively stabilized salinity of the surrounding seawater.S/Ca ratios show large variations of 0.04-4.15 mmol/mol(mean=1.37 mmol/mol).S/Ca ratios have regular variations which generally correspond to the variations of the Mg/Ca ratios,highlighting that the S/Ca ratios of bivalve shells show the potential to reflect the growth rate of the Gigantides.However,further studies should be carried out on the understanding of the links between the S/Ca ratios and seepage intensity of cold-seep fluids.

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大气铅污染物

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentration of Pb in atmospheric particulate samples,and the enrichment factor was calculated.The causes of the results were also discussed.

Determination and Degradation of Potassium Bromate Content in Dough and Bread Samples Due to the Presence of Metals

Potassium bromate (PB) is used in bread making as an agent of maturation;however, it is classified as a potential carcinogen. In the present study, a rapid, simple, precise and accurate testing method has been developed to determine the level of bromate ions in bread, which is based on a reaction of bromate ions with iodide ions in acidic medium to produce iodine (I2). The absorbance of iodine (I2) was measured at 352 nm, and bromate ions reacted with iodide during the first 3 minutes after initiation of the reaction. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of bromate ions in commercial bread. In this work, we found that bromate ions alone degraded at about 400°C, however, during bread making they degraded at 150°C - 200°C, this mightbe due to the presence of metals [Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Al] in flour which served as catalysts. In this study we found that the use of two grams (2 g) of PB per bag flour (60 kg) was safe.

Analytical Case Study on a Dedicated Pigment in Recycling Processes of Polyethylene

The ability to track & trace materials is a key feature in the entire chain, and it ensures circularity principles. Examples from plastic recycling show the enormous added value that analytical technology can have for the circular economy. During polymer production and recycling processes, pigments can be added for different purposes;e.g. as colouring agent of the polymeric product but also as tracer for tracking process development and control in the final recycle products versus possible by-products. An analytical method for tracking the pigment Solvent Blue 15 in input materials, in intermediates as well as in recyclates was developed by tracing and quantifying an indicator metal which is copper (Cu). Therefore, suitable digestion procedures and a quantification method by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) were developed and used for measuring the polymeric digests. The method was tested on relevant samples from chemical recycling processes. The background concentrations in base/raw material are in the range of 0.05 - 0.1 mg·kg-1 Cu. The processing concentrations are in the range of 4.2 to 28 mg·kg-1 Cu, while the pigment starting material (polyethylene, PE) has a concentration of around 50 mg·kg-1 Cu.

Comparison of 66 chemical element contents in normal and benign hyperplastic prostate

Objective:The aim of this study was to clarify the differences between the prostatic levels of chemical elements in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and healthy male.Methods:We evaluated the prostatic level of 66 chemical elements in 43 patients with BPH and 37 healthy males.Measurements were performed using five instrumental analytical methods.Results:In the hyperplastic prostates,we have observed a significant increase in the mean level of Bi,Cr,Hg,K,Sb,and Se accompanied a significant decrease in the mean level of Al,Ce,Cs,Dy,Er,Gd,Ho,La,Mo,Nd,Pb,Pr,Sm,Sn,Tb,Tm,U,and Y.No differences were found in the mean prostatic level of other chemical elements including Ag,Al,Au,B,Ba,Be,Br,Ca,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn,Na,Nb,Ni,P,Rb,S,Sc,Si,Th,Ti,Tl,Yb,Zn,and Zr between BPH patients and healthy males.Conclusions:The finding of chemical element contents and correlation between pairs of chemical element mass fractions indicates that there is a great disturbance of prostatic chemical element metabolism in BPH gland.Trace elements Bi,Cr,Hg,K,Sb,and Se may be regarded as the possible tissue biomarkers of hyperplastic transformation of prostate gland.Obtained data did not confirm a critical role of Cd and Pb accumulation in the pathogenesis of BPH.A potential age-related Zn,Fe,and Se deficiency in the prostate tissue has not been found as being involved in the etiology of BPH.

Identification of cadmium containing metabolites in HepG2 cells after treatment with cadmium-selenium quantum dots

The transformation of quantum dots(QDs)by organisms has attracted broad attention but remains unclear.Understanding of the metabolites helps to reveal the transformation pathway of QDs.Cd containingmetallothionein(MT)are the main species formed by Cd released from CdSe QDs in HepG2 cells,while speciation analysis of Cd containing MTs remains a challenge because MTs has several subisoforms and can bind with several metals.Herein,we built a hyphenated platform for speciation analysis of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment with CdSe/ZnS QDs.The Cd-containing MTs were separated in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)and subsequently online detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-Q-TOF-MS)parallelly.Four groups of Cd-containing metabolites were found by detecting Cd in ICP-MS.Their structures were identified in ESI-Q-TOF-MS and further confirmed with standards of four subisoforms of MT,including N-terminal acetylation MT2a,N-terminal acetylation MT1e,N-terminal acetylation MT1g and MT1m.Each group of them contains various stoichiometry of Cd/Zn.The metabolites of QDs remain same while the concentrations of each metabolite and its stoichiometry of Cd/Zn vary for different incubation concentration/time.This work provides a new parallel hyphenation technique of HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS with high separation resolution and powerful detection ability,and the obtained results provide detailed metabolism information of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment of CdSe/ZnS QDs,contributing to deep exploration of the functional mechanisms of QDs in organisms.

Water chemistry influences on long-term dissolution kinetics of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

Widespread usage of engineered metallic quantum dots(QDs)within consumer products has evoked a need to assess their fate within environmental systems.QDs are mixed-metal nanocrystals that often include Cd2+which poses a health risk as a nanocrystal or when leached into water.The goal of this work is to study the long-term metal cation leaching behavior and the factors affecting the dissolution processes of mercaptopropionic acid(MPA)capped CdSe/ZnS QDs in aphotic conditions.QD suspensions were prepared in different water conditions,and release of Zn2+and Cd2+cations were monitored over time by size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasm a-mass spectrometry.In most conditions with dissolved 02 present,the ZnS shell degraded fairly rapidly over^1 week,while some of the CdSe core remained up to 80 days.Additional MPA,Zn2+,and Cd2+temporarily delayed dissolution,indicating a moderate role for capping agent detachment and mineral solubility.The presence of H2 O2 and the ligand ethylenediaminetetraacetate accelerated dissolution,while NOM had no kinetic effect.No dissolution of CdSe core was observed when 02 was absent or when QDs formed aggregates at higher concentrations with 02 present.The shrinking particle model with product layer diffusion control best describes Zn2+and Cd2+dissolution kinetics.The longevity of QDs in their nanocrystal form appears to be partly controlled by environmental conditions,with anoxic,aphotic environments preserving the core mineral phase,and oxidants or complexing ligands promoting shell and core mineral dissolution.