Experimental Study on Ammonia Co-Firing with Coal for Carbon Reduction in the Boiler of a 300-MW Coal-Fired Power Station

To reduce CO_(2) emissions from coal-fired power plants,the development of low-carbon or carbon-free fuel combustion technologies has become urgent.As a new zero-carbon fuel,ammonia(NH_(3))can be used to address the storage and transportation issues of hydrogen energy.Since it is not feasible to completely replace coal with ammonia in the short term,the development of ammonia-coal co-combustion technology at the current stage is a fast and feasible approach to reduce CO_(2) emissions from coal-fired power plants.This study focuses on modifying the boiler and installing two layers of eight pure-ammonia burners in a 300-MW coal-fired power plant to achieve ammonia-coal co-combustion at proportions ranging from 20%to 10%(by heat ratio)at loads of 180-to 300-MW,respectively.The results show that,during ammonia-coal co-combustion in a 300-MW coal-fired power plant,there was a more significant change in NO_(x) emissions at the furnace outlet compared with that under pure-coal combustion as the boiler oxygen levels varied.Moreover,ammonia burners located in the middle part of the main combustion zone exhibited a better high-temperature reduction performance than those located in the upper part of the main combustion zone.Under all ammonia co-combustion conditions,the NH_(3) concentration at the furnace outlet remained below 1 parts per million(ppm).Compared with that under pure-coal conditions,the thermal efficiency of the boiler slightly decreased(by 0.12%-0.38%)under different loads when ammonia co-combustion reached 15 t·h^(-1).Ammonia co-combustion in coal-fired power plants is a potentially feasible technology route for carbon reduction.

INTRODUCTION TO INCONEL ALLOY 740: AN ALLOY DESIGNED FOR SUPERHEATER TUBING IN COAL-FIRED ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL BOILERS

Chinese utilities as well as those worldwide are facing increased demand for additional electricity, reduced plant emissions and greater efficiency. To meet this challenge will require increasing boiler temperature, pressure and coal ash corrosion resistance of the materials of boiler construction of future coal-fired boilers. A new nickel-based tube alloy, INCONEL^R alloy 740, is described aiming at meeting this challenge. Emphasis will be on describing the alloy＇ s mechanical properties, coal-ash and steam corrosion resistance. Microstructural stability as a function of temperature and time is addressed as well as some of the early methodology em- ployed to arrive at the current chemical composition.

NO_x emission model for coal-fired boilers using partial least squares and extreme learning machine

To implement a real-time reduction in NOx,a rapid and accurate model is required.A PLS-ELM model based on the combination of partial least squares(PLS)and the extreme learning machine(ELM)for the establishment of the NOx emission model of utility boilers is proposed.First,the initial input variables of the NOx emission model are determined according to the mechanism analysis.Then,the initial input data is extracted by PLS.Finally,the extracted information is used as the input of the ELM model.A large amount of real data was obtained from the distributed control system(DCS)historical database of a 1 000 MW power plant boiler to train and validate the PLS-ELM model.The modeling performance of the PLS-ELM was compared with that of the back propagation(BP)neural network,support vector machine(SVM)and ELM models.The mean relative errors(MRE)of the PLS-ELM model were 1.58%for the training dataset and 1.69%for the testing dataset.The prediction precision of the PLS-ELM model is higher than those of the BP,SVM and ELM models.The consumption time of the PLS-ELM model is also shorter than that of the BP,SVM and ELM models.

Corrosion of Different Materials in Combustion Chamber of Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas in Industrial Boiler

The corrosion of materials in combustion chamber of yellow phosphor tall gas was investrgated. The results reveal that the corrosion behavior is different for different materials under actual work conditions.

Feasibility Analysis on the Integrated Application of Solar Energy, Biogas, Coal-fired Boiler and Radiant Floor Heating for Rural Residence

The feasibility of adopting a balanced energy mix mode (domestic solar energy, biogas, coal-fired boiler and radiant floor heating) was proposed. Taking a typical rural residence in Zhengzhou City for example, the study through theoretical analysis and calculation showed that such a balanced energy mix is an economic way and efficient in saving energy and reducing air pollution, and elaborated the theoretical feasibility of popularizing such a heat supply mode in rural areas.

Optimization of Load Assignment to Boilers in Industrial Boiler Plants

Along with the increasing importance of sustainable energy, the optimization of load assignment to boilers in an industrial boiler plant becomes one of the major projects for the optimal operation of boiler plants. Optimal load assignment for power systems has been a long-lasting subject, while it is quite new for industrial boiler plants. The existing methods of optimal load assignment for boiler plants are explained and analyzed briefly in the paper. They all need the fuel cost curves of boilers. Thanks to some special features of the curves for industrial boilers, a new model referred to as minimized departure model (MDM) of optimization of load assignment for boiler plants is developed and proposed in the paper. It merely relies upon the accessible data of two typical working conditions to build the model, viz. the working conditions with the highest efficiency of a boiler and with no-load. Explanation of the algorithm of computer program is given, and effort is made so as to determine in advance how many and which boilers are going to work. Comparison between the results using MDM and the results reported in references is carried out, which proves that MDM is preferable and practicable.

Comprehensive evaluation for efficient development of coal-fired Industry boiler clearing

The Paper has introduced development of domesticand foreign coal-fired industry boiler and has implementedcomprehensive comparison for several substitution technologies（coal powder boiler, coal water mixture boiler, coal-fired boiler,gas-fired boiler and biomass boiler, etc.） of backward coal-firedindustrial boiler in technology, economy and environment, etc.;has evaluated comprehensive effect and adaptiveconditions of coal-fired industry boiler technology and has put forward suggestion forefficient development of coal-fired industry boiler clearing.

System Performance and Pollution Emission of Biomass Gas Co-Firing in a Coal-Fired Boiler

To reduce greenhouse gases emission and increase the renewable energy utilization portion in the world, the biomass gasification coupled with a coal-fired boiler power generation system is studied. It is a challenge to achieve optimum performance for the coupled system. The models of biomass gasification coupled with co-firing of coal in a boiler have been established. A comparative study of three kinds of biomass (Food Rubbish, Straw and Wood Pellets) has been done. The syngas produced in a 10 t/h gasifier is fed to a 330 MWe coal-fired boiler for co-combustion, and the co-firing performances have been compared with pure coal combustion case under the conditions of constant boiler load. Results show that co-firing decreases the furnace combustion temperature and raises the flue gas temperature for Food Rubbish and Straw, while, flue gases temperature decrease in case of Wood Pellets. At the same time NOx and SOx emissions have reduced. The system efficiencies at constant load for Food Rubbish, Straw and Wood Pellets are 83.25%, 83.88% and 82.56% when the optimum conditions of gasification and co-firing process are guaranteed.

Efficiency in Boiler Feed Pumps for Industrial Steam Generation

This paper presents some opportunities to improve feedwater system efficiency for industrial boilers, usually consisting of multistage centrifugal pumps driven by three-phase induction motors. There is abundant literature on the efficiency in steam boilers. However, few deal exclusively with feedwater systems. The total horsepower in boiler feed pumps and the corresponding energy consumption estimated for Brazilian industries are as follows： 110.5 MWE of motor driven power and a yearly electricity consumption of 442 GWh for a population of 7,800 steam boilers, approximately. It is estimated that there can be an efficiency improvement in feedwater systems for industrial boilers of 30% on average. To a large extent, these opportunities reside in older boilers that are very common in the Brazilian industrial sector. The most common causes for the low efficiency of feedwater systems are： the control loop of the feedwater, oversized boilers and excessive operational pressure set. Sometimes, the boiler feedwater system can present more than one problem simultaneously. Any kind of solution involves some speed regulation, new pump and number of pumps. Each problem generation facilities were selected in which common inefficiencies cases, the improvement in efficiency can get to 37%. form of intervention in boiler feed pumps, such as： impeller trim, may have more than one solution. Three distinct industrial steam are present. The suggested solutions were analyzed. In these three

Development and Installation of High Pressure Boilers for Co-Generation Plant in Sugar Industries

The sugar cane containing minimum 30% fiber was referred as bagasse and used the generation of power required for the operation of sugar mill. The bagasse is fired in the boiler for producing steam at high pressure, which is extracted through various single high capacity turbines and used in the process. The installation of high pressure boilers and high pressure turbo-generators has provision for the operation of co-generation plant during the off-season also that enhances the power generation from 9MW to 23MW. The annual monetary benefits achieved are Rs. 204.13 million and this was based on cost of power sold to the grid @ Rs 2.548 per unit, sugar season of 219 days and off season of 52 days. This required an investment of Rs 820.6 million. The investment had an attractive simple payback period of 48 months.

Optimizing Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer:DCS Hybrid Modeling and Automation in Coal-Fired Power Plant Boilers

In response to escalating challenges in energy conservation and emission reduction,this study delves into the complexities of heat transfer in two-phase flows and adjustments to combustion processes within coal-fired boilers.Utilizing a fusion of hybrid modeling and automation technologies,we develop soft measurement models for key combustion parameters,such as the net calorific value of coal,flue gas oxygen content,and fly ash carbon content,within theDistributedControl System(DCS).Validated with performance test data,thesemodels exhibit controlled root mean square error(RMSE)and maximum absolute error(MAXE)values,both within the range of 0.203.Integrated into their respective automatic control systems,thesemodels optimize two-phase flow heat transfer,finetune combustion conditions,and mitigate incomplete combustion.Furthermore,this paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the generationmechanismof nitrogen oxides(NOx)and low oxygen emission reduction technology in coal-fired boilers,demonstrating a substantial reduction in furnace exit NOx generation by 30%to 40%and the power supply coal consumption decreased by 1.62 g/(kW h).The research outcomes highlight the model’s rapid responsiveness,enabling prompt reflection of transient variations in various economic indicator parameters.This provides a more effective means for real-time monitoring of crucial variables in coal-fired boilers and facilitates timely combustion adjustments,underscoring notable achievements in boiler combustion.The research not only provides valuable and practical insights into the intricacies of two-phase flow heat transfer and heat exchange but also establishes a pioneering methodology for tackling industry challenges.

工业锅炉标准体系构建研究

江苏省是工业锅炉制造和使用大省,标准体系是标准化管理和产业发展规划的基础,建立完善的工业锅炉标准体系对江苏省工业锅炉的发展十分重要。本文通过分析国内外工业锅炉标准化现状和趋势,依据GB/T 13016—2018的相关要求,从工业锅炉行业全生命周期的维度,构建包含通用基础共性标准、设计标准、制造标准、安装标准、使用标准、改造维修标准、检验检测标准共2个层级7个方面的工业锅炉标准体系。本项工作将为工业锅炉标准化工作提供参考,助力江苏省乃至我国工业锅炉产业的健康可持续发展。

供热锅炉选型与经济性分析

循环流化床锅炉、煤粉工业锅炉因能效高、环保性能好,是燃煤工业锅炉的重要发展方向,为满足锅炉选型需要,从技术性能、运行维护、经济、环保等方面对两种炉型对比分析,并结合项目案例进行实践比选。项目案例表明:因所在地周边无集中制粉厂家,该案例煤粉工业锅炉需要炉前制粉,煤粉工业锅炉方案建设投资比循环流化床锅炉方案高626万元,蒸汽生产成本比循环流化床锅炉方案低33.6万元/a;由于煤粉工业锅炉附属制粉工艺安全隐患较多,因此,从经济性和安全性考虑,项目案例选用循环流化床锅炉方案。两种炉型没有绝对的优劣,循环流化床锅炉适应煤质范围宽,煤粉工业锅炉更适应周边环境要求高、自动化水平高的区域,要根据具体场景、条件,选择最适宜的炉型。

基于水蓄热的热源厂蒸汽调峰技术

基于工业供汽负荷波动大、昼夜偏差显著的现状,将水蓄热技术与热源厂热力生产工艺相结合,提出采用蒸汽-除盐冷水的间接换热技术、环氧富锌漆防腐技术和硬质聚氨酯发泡保温技术,并对形状、容积和高径比等罐体结构优化设计,旨在开发一种适用于工业供热的蒸汽调峰技术。实践应用表明,基于水蓄热的热源厂蒸汽调峰技术具有稳定高效、简单易操和投资收益显著等优点。本技术还可应用于燃煤机组实现深度调峰、消纳新能源发电等场景,具有重要的现实意义。

PM10 emissions from industrial coal-fired chain-grate boilers

Industrial coal-fired boiler is an important air pollutant emission source in China. The chain-grate boiler is the most extensively used type of industrial coal-fired boiler. An electrical low-pressure impactor, and a Dekati？ Low Pressure Impactor were applied to determine mass and number size distributions of PM10 at the inlet and the outlet of the particulate emission control devices at six coalfired chain-grate boilers. The mass size distribution of PM10 generated from coal-fired chain-grate boilers generally displays a bimodal distribution that contains a submicron mode and a coarse mode. The PM in the submicron mode for burning with raw coal contributes to 33% ± 10 % of PM10 emissions, much higher than those for pulverized boilers. And the PM in the submicron mode for burning with briquette contributes up to 86 % of PM10 emissions. Multiclones and scrubbers are not efficient for controlling PM10 emission. Their average collection efficiencies for sub-micron particle and super-micron particle are 34% and 78%, respectively. Operating conditions of industrial steam boilers have influence on PM generation. Peak of the submicron mode during normal operation period is larger than the start-up period.

基于数据挖掘的工业锅炉故障监测检测研究

数据挖掘是一种从大规模数据集中发现有用信息和模式的过程,以自动或半自动的方式分析数据,从中提取有价值的知识、模式、趋势和规律。工业锅炉作为一种重要的热能动力设备,是工业生产中不可或缺的设备之一,主要为工业生产提供热源及动力源,目前工业锅炉的设计正向着节能化、高效化、智能化、模块化的方向发展。工业锅炉的长期使用运行,难免会出现各种各样的故障,故障出现会影响锅炉运行以及工业生产安全,甚至会造成严重的人员伤亡及财产损失,因此需要通过现代化技术手段对工业锅炉运行状态进行实时监测,出现故障时及时采取处理措施。介绍工业锅炉的组成以及常见故障基础上,探讨数据挖掘流程以及基于数据挖掘的工业锅炉故障监测检测方法,能够提升工业企业的锅炉安全运行效率以及监管水平。

工业锅炉产品碳足迹评估方法研究

产品碳足迹评估以工业锅炉为对象,基于生命周期视角,确定工业锅炉的系统边界、功能单位及取舍原则,将工业锅炉生命周期分为原材料获取阶段、生产阶段、使用阶段及处置回收阶段,进行清单数据收集与分析,建立各阶段的碳足迹计算方法。以某锅炉制造厂的燃气蒸汽锅炉为例,对其生命周期各阶段的碳排放进行计算和分析,结果表明:在其生命周期的各个阶段中,使用阶段的碳排放在总排放中具有最大贡献,占比超过99%。通过敏感性分析,发现燃料使用敏感度最高,其次是电力和原材料;运用蒙特卡洛方法进行不确定度分析,确定并量化输入数据产生的不确定性,优化清单数据收集方案,从而更加真实地反映产品生命周期碳排放量。

工业锅炉安全评价及在线监测方法研究

工业锅炉作为热源或动力源普遍用于生产生活的各个方面,但是工业锅炉运维水平较低,容易发生锅炉爆炸等严重事故。因此,本文结合大型体育赛事举办背景,通过对实际工业锅炉事故的深入分析,总结出工业锅炉四类严重事故及其发生原因,形成基于安保措施和使用场景的工业锅炉安全评价预警方法,根据此方法开发工业锅炉在线监测及预警系统,并成功用于大型体育赛事用工业锅炉,实现对实际工业锅炉的实时监测与预警,保障其安全稳定运行。

Biomass briquette fuel,boiler types and pollutant emissions of industrial biomass boiler:A review

Biomass is considered a renewable and cleaner energy source alternative to fossil fuels.In recent years,industrial biomass boilers have been rapidly developed and widely used in the industrial field.This work makes a review on the fuel types used in industrial biomass boilers,the fuel characteristics and the characteristics of air pollutants emitted from the combustion of industrial biomass boilers and other contents in different studies.However,the existing research still has many deficiencies.In the future,further research on biomass fuel,industrial biomass boiler combustion process and the pollutants emitted by industrial biomass boiler combustion,especially the carbonaceous aerosol emitted by in-dustrial biomass boiler and carbonaceous aerosol optical properties still need to be made.At the same time,the potential harm of carbonaceous aerosols emitted from industrial biomass boiler sources to human health and climate change needs to be studied in depth.This review provides a scientific basis for the accurate evaluation of industrial biomass boilers and the effective prevention and control of various pollutants of industrial biomass boilers.

工业燃煤锅炉回转式空气预热器防堵提效技术研究

工业锅炉所采用的空气预热器大致可以分为管式和回转式两种,其中回转式空气预热器主要通过再生方式传递热量,烟气与空气交替流过受热面,当烟气流过时,热量从烟气传递给受热面,受热面温度升高,并积蓄热量,当空气再流过时,受热面将积蓄的热量放给空气。回转式空气预热器具有质量轻、布置灵活、传热面密度高等优势。如果空气预热器堵塞,则引风机的声音会变大,风温会逐渐下降,排烟口温度会逐渐升高,很容易造成锅炉熄火。随着技术的不断完善与创新使得工业燃煤锅炉回转式空气预热器的防堵和提效变得更加全面和多样化。综合分析了燃煤锅炉的基本原理以及结构,探讨了回转式空气预热器在燃煤锅炉种的应用作用,同时分析了空气预热器存在的阻塞问题以及其对锅炉运行的不良影响,结合现有的防堵提效技术进行介绍,并对未来做出展望,为工业燃煤锅炉的清洁高效运行和环境保护贡献更大的力量。