Effect of Labor Skills Training on Industrial Development and Economic Benefits of Winter Potato in Regions Inhabited by Ethnic Minorities : A Case Study of Lancang Lahu Autonomous County

Using three kinds of labor skills training methods(expert team training,recruit training and local agricultural extension center training),based on enterprise planting and farmer planting,this paper analyzes the impact of training methods on the development of potato industry,such as yield,income and planting extension.The results show that the expert team training,recruit training and labor skills training of local agricultural extension center can significantly improve the labor quality and skills,and increase the yield and income of winter potatoes.The expert team training,recruit training and local agricultural extension center training can lift growers out of poverty and improve the willingness of people to plant and extend.The winter potato industry has become one of the pillar industries to shake off poverty and become rich,increasing local economic benefits.Through labor skills training,the winter potato industry has become one of the main industries to improve the quality of the local people and increase economic income,promoting the local people to shake off poverty and become well-off.

Re-measuring Status of China＇s High-Tech Industries in International Division of Labor： Applying a Non-Competitive Input-Output Model

Based on a refined ＂non-competitive input-output model,＂ this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country＇s high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of＂ weighted value-added productivity ＂ by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids ＂statistical illusion＂ which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China＇s high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China＇s high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.

Labor Productivity Growth Effect of Industrial Structure Evolution in Guangdong Province during the Period 1978-2008:An Empirical Test of “Structural Bonus Hypothesis”

The labor flow promotes the industrial structure evolution,thereby affecting the growth of productivity.In the western industrialized countries,improvement in labor productivity has become an important source of economic growth.On the basis of analyzing changes of the industrial structure,changes of the structure of labor factor,changes of labor productivity and the growth rate in Guangdong Province in different periods,we use shift-share method to analyze the labor productivity effect of industrial structure in Guangdong Province,and put forward the following recommendations for the adjustment of industrial structure in Guangdong Province:(i) The adjustment of industrial structure should promote the reasonable and effective flow of labor between industries;(ii) Accelerating the optimization of the industrial structure is conducive to economic growth and improvement in labor productivity;(iii) In addition to structural optimization,the improvement in labor productivity should also focus on the improvement in intra-industry technology.

A Comparative Study on the Labor Productivity of Provincial Textile Industry Based on DEA in China

Making use of the DEA-based method of quadruplicate decomposition of labor productivity, the paper analyzes the influence of labor productivity of provincial textile industry in China, caused by the effect of technical efficiency, pure technical progress, changes of scale efficiency of capital per labor and of capital intensity from the year of 2002 to 2005. Its results show that the improvement of provincial textile industry labor productivity has mainly resulted from technical progress since 2003. Meanwhile, labor productivity of underdeveloped provinces has been growing faster than that of developed ones owing to technology diffusion. And then, the above-mentioned improvement has originated from the enhancement of capital deepening and technology efficiency. In addition, scale return of capital per labor appeared to decrease during the period from 2004 to 2005.

Contract Labor and the Right to Freedom of Association in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria

Contract labor is one of several terms, which are widely used to describe work arrangements, which do not fall within the traditional definition of employment. Contracting out services and getting employees through contractors have become widespread practice by many employers because it helps them to cut cost since these contractors could often supply these workers more cheaply and efficiently. Labor rights and standards are sometimes seen as sacrificial lambs on the altar of competitive edge by companies due to the perception that they constitute ＂costs＂ which if eliminated or reduced to the barest minimum, will impact positively on the ability of companies to compete favorably in the global market and consequent improvement of their balance sheets, to the joy of shareholders. Contract work is increasingly becoming the norm in Nigeria＇s oil and gas industry as companies undergo restructuring, concentration on core activities and modifications in work organization and technology. These factors certainly affect traditional employment relations and the exercise of freedom of association and collective bargaining rights inherent in them. Contract workers now make up about 60% of the workforce in the industry and they are denied the right to organize into Unions. The denial of this right has resulted in exploitation of these workers. This paper seeks to examine the adequacy of labor law governing trade unionism in Nigeria in ensuring the right of contract workers to freedom of association, as well as its conformity to international labor standards. It is argued that Nigerian labor laws need to be enforced to ensure that this category of workers benefits from this right. In addition a proposal is made for a law reform which will define contract labor and provide a legal framework for the regulation and protection of contract workers in Nigeria in order to guarantee their right to unionize and enable them to improve their rights at work.

Study on the Path of Upgrading of LaborIntensive Industries by Urbanization 2 China

中国劳动密集型产业转型升级迫在眉睫.从城市化角度分析了我国劳动力密集型产业升级的路径.首先分析了城市化促进劳动密集型产业升级的动力机制,然后从资源的优化配置、高端生产要素的聚集、劳动生产率的提高以及人力资本价值的增值四个视角探讨了城市化对劳动力密集型产业升级的作用机理,最后从城市市场规模扩大、城市空间扩张、空间城市结构调整以及城市体系系统四个角度分析了促进劳动密集型产业升级的途径.

新时代高校劳动教育的定位及实施路径

党的十八大以来,新时代劳动教育的格局逐步形成且地位日益凸显,成为当代高校进行人才培养的核心课题。在新时代背景下,高校劳动教育的目标定位是在树立正确劳动价值观的基础上培养“高尚品格的人”、“时代发展中的人”与“全面发展的人”。因此,为了顺利推进劳动教育实践,应基于多维关系与视角综合施策,重点从推动主体间合作互补、建立“科学、综合、开放”的课程体系、确立专业支撑与条件保障、推进产学研融合等四个层面建立多维融合的新时代高校劳动教育体系,培养符合时代发展需求的高层次人才。

全球价值链数字化对中国制造业企业国际分工地位的影响

数字技术发展使全球价值链分工体系向数字化重构并深刻影响中国制造业高质量发展。本文基于K-T数理模型分析开放经济条件下数字中间品投入、出口国内增加值与国际分工地位的相互关系,构建全球价值链数字化与企业国际分工地位的理论分析机制。研究发现:全球价值链数字化通过全要素生产率、贸易成本、产品质量和创新能力这4个渠道提升中国制造业企业国际分工地位;全球价值链数字化对资本密集型企业、一般贸易企业及非国有企业的国际分工地位提升效应较强;全球价值链数字化对知识产权保护较好且研发投入较多地区的企业国际分工地位提升效应较显著。因此,建议从加大国内数字技术研发力度、采用差异化战略引导及加强数字技术知识产权保护等方面激发企业参与全球价值链数字化分工活力,提升企业国际竞争力,促进中国制造业高质量发展。

人工智能如何影响劳动收入份额——基于产业结构与企业升级的机制探讨

作为一项重要技术变革,人工智能在推动产业智能化的同时,势必对劳动力市场的要素收入分配产生重要影响。本文基于偏向性技术进步理论,运用2010—2021年中国城市与企业层面面板数据,从系统性视角考察人工智能对劳动收入份额的宏微观影响机制。研究结果显示:(1)人工智能应用在宏微观层面均有利于劳动收入份额增加,该结论在经过工具变量法、机器学习法估计等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。(2)宏观层面,人工智能可通过产业结构高级化增加劳动收入份额。(3)微观层面,人工智能可通过提高创新质量、创新效率与全要素生产率来增加劳动收入份额。(4)人工智能对劳动收入份额的积极影响在城市层面的高人口规模、高市场化水平、高劳动力保护强度、高劳动力技能水平及企业层面的高企业规模、高劳动力技能水平、低劳动要素密集度的样本中尤为明显。研究结论为我国在数智化浪潮中完善收入分配制度、实现共同富裕提供了有益启示。

数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的影响研究

本文就数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的影响进行实证检验。其中,以工业企业创新效率为因变量,数字化转型为自变量,企业规模、企业产权结构、对外开放程度、资产负债率、创新氛围、政府支持为控制变量,通过多重共线性分析、回归分析、异质性检验和稳健性分析,验证了因变量和自变量之间的相关性。结果表明,我国工业企业数字化转型显著提高了工业企业创新效率;不同行业类型的工业企业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的影响不同,在资源密集型和劳动密集型产业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率存在线性促进作用;在资本密集型产业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率存在非线性影响,呈倒U型;在技术密集型产业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率存在非线性影响,呈U型。在此基础上,为提高工业企业创新效率,分别从企业层面和政府层面提出了针对性建议与政策,充分发挥数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的促进作用。

高职劳动教育与产教融合协同机制构建探究

为持续提升高职院校教学效能,增强学生实践能力和综合素质,要构建协同育人的全新职业教育模式。高职劳动教育与产教融合协同发展面临劳动教育适应性偏低、产教融合内容性缺失、教育教学兼容性不强等困境,因此,需做好制度顶层设计,构建政府政策引导、行业协调的对话机制,结合企业人才需求改善劳动环境,组建起高素质师资队伍,加速劳动教育与产教融合协同化进程。

新业态从业者劳动权益保障的困境与出路

新业态从业者不同于传统劳动者,其在所处行业、组织方式、用工方式、计酬方式等方面表现出“新”的独特性的同时,该类人员劳动权益无法得到有效保障的现状也对传统劳动关系理论提出了新的挑战。通过对新业态从业者劳动权益保护现状进行研究,从现行保险制度、传统劳动关系的认定标准、诉讼与仲裁的衔接、劳动者维权力量等方面分析保障不足的内在原因,进而从加强保险制度的建设、更新劳动关系认定标准、增强维权力量、协同治理等方面提出完善劳动者权益保障的建议,以规范新型用工关系,促进劳动力市场有序发展,推动数字经济时代和谐劳动关系的构建。

数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合——基于产业和城乡协同发展视角

数字普惠金融为破除城乡金融体系二元对立、优化城乡资源配置、助推城乡融合开辟了新路径。本文基于2011-2021年中国地级市面板数据,从产业和城乡协同发展视角分析数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合的作用渠道。研究发现,数字普惠金融有效促进了城乡融合发展。从各维度来看,覆盖广度与使用深度是促进城乡融合的关键,信贷和保险业务发挥了显著的协同效应,数字普惠金融的城乡融合效应在空间和社会维度上显著;在东部、中部地区和农村资金外流程度较轻的地区,数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合的作用更强;数字普惠金融能够促进生产要素在产业和城乡间流动,发挥劳动力转移和产业结构升级的带动作用,间接赋能城乡融合。

数字基础设施建设对城市绿色创新效率的影响——基于“宽带中国”战略试点政策的准自然实验

本文基于我国280个地级及以上城市2006~2021年的面板数据,利用多期双重差分模型考察“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的影响效应、内在机制及异质性表现。研究发现:(1)“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率具有显著的提升作用,并且在一系列稳健性检验后结果依然稳健;(2)劳动力流动和生产性服务业集聚是“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施提高城市绿色创新效率的两种机制;(3)“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的促进作用在东部城市、大规模城市、非资源型城市中更强;(4)正式环境规制和非正式环境规制正向调节“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的驱动作用。本文为推动数字基础设施建设以及城市绿色创新效率的提升提供了重要政策启示。

职业院校劳动教育与产教融合相结合的时代阐释、时代特征与内在逻辑

产教融合既是职业教育高质量发展的内核与引擎,也是职业院校全面实施劳动教育的重要抓手。职业院校劳动教育具有深化产教融合内涵与优化产业人才职业素质的教育场域,产教融合也为职业院校开展劳动教育提供了得天独厚的实施平台和实践场所,二者之间存在时代性、耦合性和创造性的时代特征,并且在教育供给与产业需求的目标上具有互融性,在隐性与显性的内容上具有互通性,在赋能与反哺的路径上具有互促性。

数字化赋能产学研协同创新:理论机制与实证检验

产学研协同创新是促进我国创新驱动发展战略目标实现的重要动力。本文使用2014-2020年中国30个省区市的面板数据,研究数字背景下数字化水平的提升能否促进产学研协同创新。研究结果显示,考察期内中国数字化的发展对产学研协同创新具有显著的推动作用,并且数字化的三个维度——数字基础设施、数字产业发展和数字社会建设皆在不同程度上促进了产学研协同创新;分地区检验结果显示,东中部地区的数字化发展表现出比西部更为显著的促进效应,且地区间存在着较明显的空间溢出效应;机制检验结果表明,数字化能够通过促进研发劳动力资源配置效率和提升产学研合作紧密度进而助力产学研协同创新。基于此,文章从优化要素配置效率、提升产学研合作紧密度和发挥数字空间效能三方面提出了进一步加强产学研协同创新的重要政策建议。

劳动力迁移与制造业技术创新效率提升——基于30个省级面板数据分析

劳动力迁移可改变迁入地收入分配机制,解决制造业技术创新资源投入冗余与产出不足矛盾,助力制造业高质量发展。文章基于2012—2021年中国30个省级面板数据,结合新古典经济增长和新迁移等理论,实证检验劳动力迁移与制造业技术创新效率的关系。研究发现:劳动力迁移可显著提升制造业技术创新效率,且会随着时间推移而减弱;人口集聚效应、知识溢出效应是劳动力迁移与制造业技术创新效率关系的中介变量;劳动力迁移对东部和中部地区、劳动密集型和资本密集型制造业技术创新效率具有显著正向作用;市场化程度和政府干预均能增强劳动力迁移对制造业技术创新效率的促进作用,但这一影响存在最优边界。

人口老龄化、新质生产力与制造业高质量发展

在人口老龄化的大背景下,发展新质生产力是实现制造业高质量发展的必然选择,加快形成新质生产力是制造业高质量发展的内在要求。为了探究人口老龄化、新质生产力与制造业高质量发展之间的关系,本文利用熵权法分别建立新质生产力和制造业高质量发展的指标体系,通过建立空间杜宾模型对人口老龄化、新质生产力和制造业高质量发展之间的关系进行实证分析。实证结果表明:人口老龄化对制造业高质量发展有显著的负向影响,新质生产力水平对制造业高质量发展有着显著的正向影响;制造业高质量发展水平在逐年提高,东部沿海地区与中西部地区之间的制造业高质量发展水平仍然存在较大差距,呈现出发展不平衡的特征;不同省(区、市)的制造业高质量发展水平具有一定的空间相关性;人口老龄化对东部地区制造业高质量发展的负向影响最为显著,对中、西部地区的负面影响较小,表现出明显的非均衡效应。

现代产业学院人才培养需融入劳动教育

劳动教育在现代产业学院人才培养模式创新中占有重要作用。现代产业学院必须突破传统教育理念,以产业需求主导人才培养方向,将劳动教育理念贯穿人才培养全过程。以南通大学通科微电子学院人才培养模式创新为例,结合人才培养方案、师资队伍结构、课程体系、人才培养考核评价机制等四个方面创新,论述了劳动教育在现代产业学院人才培养模式创新中的作用,实现立德树人根本任务,培养产业所需的高素质应用型、复合型、创新型人才。

低碳技术发展产业链风险评估

“双碳”目标下,低碳技术将迎来大规模发展,传统技术被加速替代,会对产业链相关行业原材料、资金、劳动力需求以及污染物排放等产生直接影响。因此,亟须提前评估低碳技术发展可能引发的关键要素失衡以及部分行业环境影响攀升风险,以避免威胁产业链安全,制约“双碳”目标实现。为此,选取未来有望大规模普及的电解水制氢、电化学储能、低碳发电技术、电弧炉炼钢技术及多通道燃煤等10类低碳技术作为研究对象,评估2024—2030年各项技术大规模普及对产业链相关行业原材料、资金、劳动力需求和污染物排放的综合影响,识别潜在风险。结果表明:钴、铜、镍、锂、锰等关键矿产资源对外依存度高且未来需求增长快,面临短缺风险相对更大;发展光伏发电技术对资金的需求最大;电化学储能技术普及引致的劳动力需求增长最快;关键低碳技术产业链上游的电气机械和器材制造业将面临严峻的资金和劳动力供给不足风险;煤炭采选业将面临一定的劳动力过剩风险;金属矿采选业将面临较大的环境污染上升风险。并进一步针对技术、组件、上中下游行业可能面临的风险提出了应对策略。