Special Issue on Future Digital Design and Manufacturing:Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond-Part Ⅱ

Digital design and manufacturing have been under pinned by digital modeling, simulation, and automation controls for decades. Under the new market requirement of mass customized products and services, the advancements in artificial intelligence （AI）, smart technology, virtual reality （VR）, big data, digital twin, robotics and human-centered design are becoming driving forces for the development of future digital design and manufacturing. This special issue focuses on the future digital design and manufacturing especially under the Industry 4.0 framework and beyond. This editorial introduces the papers in this special issue, which linked to the International Workshop on Digital Design and Manufacturing Technologies - Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond at Northumbria University in Newcastle, UK, held on 12-13 April 2016. In the Part I of the issue [1], there are 13 papers published in 2016, Vol- ume 29, No 6 of the Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering （this journal）.

Maanshan Iron and Steel Design Institute under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry

Founded in July 1962.Maanshan Iron and Steel DesignInstitute is an important design institute directly under theMinistry of Metallurgical Industry,and a state Class A designinstitute registered in World Bank and Asia DevelopmentBank,also a member unit of China International ConsultantsCompany and China Metallurgical Construction GroupCompany.It boasts a staff of 1.500,including 1,200 engineeringand technical people(400 senior engineers included).It has 22research offices,such as iron-smelting,steel making,steel-rolling,mining,dressing and sintering,34 engineering designfaculties,has well-equipped electronic computer stations,experimenting labs and printing factories,and has divisions inShanghai and Zhuhai. The institute is engaged in the engineering design,technical consultancy,supervision and general contract

Adaptive Seat Cover for Motorsports and Daily Driving Situations

Automotive seat design presents an ongoing challenge as it involves balancing conflicting customer requirements, ranging from comfort and support to adaptability for diverse body types and custom-molded fit. Original equipment manufacturers often struggle to address the diverse needs dictated by the environment of use in automotive seat design. In response to these deficiencies, this paper employs the design thinking approach/model to explore the gaps in automotive seats comprehensively. The study provides valuable recommendations and documents the exploratory work carried out to bridge these gaps and enhance the overall automotive seat design. By utilizing design thinking principles, this research aims to pave the way for innovative solutions that meet the evolving demands of drivers, ensuring a more comfortable and safer driving experience for daily driving, and better performance for motorsports. Additionally, we present a comprehensive three-phase rapid prototyping approach to develop and showcase the functions of race car modifications, aiming to demonstrate their efficacy and gather valuable feedback from potential customers. By recognizing the significance of nurturing beginners’ interest and skill development, the motorsports community can encourage wider participation and ensure a vibrant future for the sport. .

Adaptive Seat Cover for Motorsports and Daily Driving Situations

Automotive seat design presents an ongoing challenge as it involves balancing conflicting customer requirements, ranging from comfort and support to adaptability for diverse body types and custom-molded fit. Original equipment manufacturers often struggle to address the diverse needs dictated by the environment of use in automotive seat design. In response to these deficiencies, this paper employs the design thinking approach/model to explore the gaps in automotive seats comprehensively. The study provides valuable recommendations and documents the exploratory work carried out to bridge these gaps and enhance the overall automotive seat design. By utilizing design thinking principles, this research aims to pave the way for innovative solutions that meet the evolving demands of drivers, ensuring a more comfortable and safer driving experience for daily driving, and better performance for motorsports. Additionally, we present a comprehensive three-phase rapid prototyping approach to develop and showcase the functions of race car modifications, aiming to demonstrate their efficacy and gather valuable feedback from potential customers. By recognizing the significance of nurturing beginners’ interest and skill development, the motorsports community can encourage wider participation and ensure a vibrant future for the sport. .

Brief Introduction to Industrial Design Aesthetics

The paper proposes the idea that in the primary stage of industrial product design, the aesthetic nature of the product should be grasped. In addition, the paper poses two questions about aesthetic nature industrial design: first, what is the object of industrial design aesthetics? Second, what are the characteristics of design aesthetics of industrial products?

The combination of user centered design and industrial design: Balance between subjective and objective design

Traditional Industrial Design has been an important aspect in the New Product Development process within the last dec- ades. User centered design is a growing research field for product innovation which needs support from both design knowledge and research methodologies. Both TID and UCD focus on user＇s perspective when doing multi-disciplinary work. They take care of style, usability, and balancing the users need and reality. The skills from TID help design expression and realization to communicate effi- ciently with other participants by informative images and real prototypes. The methods from UCD help the idea generation and op- portunity discoveries by facilitating workshops and conducting interview with participants. TID and UCD represent different per- spectives of the subjective and the objective respectively.

Analysis of the method on industrial design guided by individual spontaneous behavior

There is a close relationship between individual spontaneous behavior and Industrial design. As individual spontaneous behavior can sent especial meaning for industrial design, there is a great necessity for creating design guided by this behavior. The design method carries out in four steps, first step is to focus on the analysis of individual action phase, pay attention to the explora- tion of the relationship between actions and tool ,and then list the importance order in the action phase, the third step is to take out the in-depth anatomical analysis of the stage, analyze the reason of the operational difficulty .and at last carries out the design concept to resolve the problem. All in all, this method revolves around the main stage of spontaneous behavior, and analyzes it in interim and solves the problem in stage.

Analysis of the Application of National Cultural Elements in the Design of Industrial Products

With the continuous development and progress of China’s industry,it has become the only country in the world that has all the industrial categories in the United Nations Industrial Classification.China’s industrial products have gradually changed from“Made in China”to“Design in China”.The integration of Chinese national cultural elements into industrial product design has also become the future development trend in the field of design.This paper will analyze the application of national culture in industrial product design,and discuss how to better integrate the two with practical cases to promote the continuous development of the industry.

Optimization of Steel Bar Manufacturing Process Using Six Sigma

Optimization of a manufacturing process results in higher productivity and reduced wastes. Production parameters of a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Pakistan is optimized by using six Sigma-Define, measure, analyze, improve, and controlmethodology. Production data is collected and analyzed. After analysis, experimental design result is used to identify significant factors affecting process performance. The significant factors are controlled to optimized level using two-level factorial design method. A regression model is developed that helps in the estimation of response under multi variable input values. Model is tested, verified, and validated by using industrial data collected at a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Peshawar（Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan）. The sigma level of the manufacturing process is improved to 4.01 from 3.58. The novelty of the research is the identification of the significant factors along with the optimum levels that affects the process yield, and the methodology to optimize the steel bar manufacturing process.

Study on the Application of Industrial Style Design in Railway Station Buildings along the Zhengzhou-Wanzhou High Speed Railway

With the improvement of economy and living quality,station buildings of high speed railway are no longer just a space to filfill the transport finction.As a business card of cities,station buildings of high speed railway prefer unique interior design,so the industrial style design featuring simplicity and variety gradually becomes a design trend.Taking the interior design of Changgebei Railway Station and Fangcheng Railway Station as an example,the paper analyzes the application of the industrial style design to high speed railway station buildings in three aspects:project overview,interior design and key issues of construction,and then reflects on and sums up the advantages and disadvantages of the design and construction.The two station buildings,among a very small quantity of station buildings nationwide where the industrial style design is adopted,provide experience and lessons while exploring a new direction for fiuture interior design of station buildings of high speed railway.

Ministries Design Exchange Rate Stress Test for Labor-Intensive Industries

China’s Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)have designed a stress-test for China’s labor-intensive industries,

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF AIRCRAFT CABIN LAYOUT

The reasonability of cabin layout is studied according to the ergonomic theory on micro-computer. This system includes the anthropometric model,modeling of aircraft seats and cabin,interactive ergonomic analyses on effect.

China's ETS pilots: Program design, industry risk, and long-term investment

The emissions trading scheme(ETS)is considered an effective policy tool for achieving emission reductions.At present,China's ETS pilots have completed several compliance periods and provided rich experience for a national ETS.Taking advantage of the variations in the regional ETS pilots across regions and sectors and over time,this study used a difference-in-difference-in-differences(DDD)model to examine the effects of ETS pilots and differential program design on industry risk and the impacts of risk on future investment horizon.First,we found that the ETS pilots significa ntly increase profit variability(total risk)in China's industry;that is,ETS in duces greater uncertainty in the covered sectors.In terms of industry heterogeneity,non-eleclricily sectors(specifically ferrous metal)engage in higher levels of risk taking.Second,the influence of such program features as the allowance allocation(total amounts and approaches),China Certification Emission Reduction(CCER)trading volumes,and penalties are heterogeneous.Finally,during the period around the treatment,industry risk can significantly encourage longer rather than shorter investment.In particular,the punishment mechanism and benchmarking allocation play a positive role in regulating the risk-investment relationship.

Xuan Qiwu,Pioneer Of China's Auto Design industry

When Xuan Qiwu said"I'm struggling towards a better life for my brothers and sisters"(his hands points to those colleagues outside a huge glass wall),I finally understood why IAT(Xuan's auto design company)could get together over one hundred most talented people,while other auto companies cried for"brains"every day.

Ministry of Coal Industry Nanjing Design and Research Institute Announcement

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The Designed Philosophy And Strategy For Building China Auto Industry Into A Pillar Industry

Ⅰ. The way to the continuous development of China auto industry China auto industry began its step on the basis of equipment & technologies importation from the former USSR. From 1980s, for the sake of developing China car industry and

Systemic technology innovation management and analysis of other forms of IP protection

Industry 4.0 and the pandemic have caused recent changes in innovative development,economic situations,and restrictions in various companies and regions of the world,with new stricter legislation related to working conditions,hygiene standards,and health requirements.New technologies are a challenge to the transformation of problem companies and regions,as they often significantly impact economic development.Technological emissions,growing information on dementia among young people,cyber risks,and the risks of so-called advanced technologies(e.g.,bio-and nanotechnologies,Industry 4.0 tech)may raise societal concerns about technological progress.This study is part of our long-term research into technological innovation in different companies and regions.Its primary goal is to methodically emphasize the importance and role of the systemic management of technological innovation in companies and regions and analytically compare the innovation success of differently developed regions from a global perspective1.This research deals with an important aspect of technology management,namely,the processes of technological identification and the protection of related intellectual property(IP).The primary research question is:How has technological development been distributed across different regions over the last two decades?We hypothesize that Asian countries are increasingly moving away from Europe and North America in terms of technological innovation,other forms of technological IP protection,and overall access to innovation,while the focus is on the development of three non-patent forms of technological innovation protection:industrial designs,trademarks,and utility models.The results of our study reveal a significant difference in the approach to technological innovation management and the form of IP protection between so-called advanced and problem companies and regions.This study was conducted between 2018 and 2022.