Weakly Singular Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method for Fracture Analysis of Three-Dimensional Structures Considering Rotational Inertia and Gravitational Forces

The Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method is advantageous for the linear elastic fracture and crackgrowth analysis of solid structures,because only boundary and crack-surface elements are needed.However,for engineering structures subjected to body forces such as rotational inertia and gravitational loads,additional domain integral terms in the Galerkin boundary integral equation will necessitate meshing of the interior of the domain.In this study,weakly-singular SGBEM for fracture analysis of three-dimensional structures considering rotational inertia and gravitational forces are developed.By using divergence theorem or alternatively the radial integration method,the domain integral terms caused by body forces are transformed into boundary integrals.And due to the weak singularity of the formulated boundary integral equations,a simple Gauss-Legendre quadrature with a few integral points is sufficient for numerically evaluating the SGBEM equations.Some numerical examples are presented to verify this approach and results are compared with benchmark solutions.

Research on Effect of Oil Film Inertia on Piston Skirt by Iteration Method

The influence of oil film inertia on piston skirt lubrication in a high speedengine is investigated by an iteration method that alternately solves the Navier-Stocks equationsand the Reynolds equa-tion by finite element method and difference method. The Reynolds lubricationequation including oil film inertia is developed, in which the inertia coefficient is introduced toinvestigate the effect of oil film inertia. The iteration procedure and finite formulation ofsolving the new Reynolds lubrication equation are given to analyze the effect of oil film on pistonskirt in this kind of engine. The calculation results show that the oil film inertia has someeffects on the friction force, pressure force and load capacity of oil film and its effect isobvious for the last. The Reynolds lubrication equation proposed can be also used to analyze thelubrication performance of the piston skirt in low or medium speed engine and some other lubricationproblems generally excluding oil film inertia with the inertia coefficient being set at zero.

THE CALCULATION METHOD OF FLYWHEEL MOMENT OFINERTIA OF CRANE MECHANISM

The origin and substance of the tlywheel moment calculation method of inertia mo ment of crane mechanism are set forth comprehensively and systematically in this paper, that is, the nucleus or the focus ofmoment of inertia calculation is the problem of calculating convertible tlywheelmoment. It is much better for the calculation of flywheel moment of loading move mass of lifting, traveling and rotating mechanism using the low of conservation of energy, the theorem of kinetic energyfor that of radius - changing mechanism, and the law of conservation of energy for that of all parts of gearing mechanism.

Parameter Identification Based on Force-Displacement Curves for a Bolted Joint Finite Element Model

In order to identify the uncertain parameters of a bolted joint finite element model,a simple and applicable way of parameter identification is introduced.By utilizing numerical simulation with the Abaqus software and experimental investigation with the MTS material testing system,the tangential force-displacement curves that reflect the characteristics of the bolted joint were acquired.On the basis of this,by employing the response surface methodology（RSM）and genetic algorithms（GAs）,parameters in the FEM model were identified.The force-displacement curves by both virtual and experimental approaches are well correlated at the end.This phenomenon-based parameter identification method may help facilitate precise prediction of complex jointed connection structures.

基于系统聚类法的含新能源电力系统分区策略

为实现含新能源电力系统的惯量分布特性的有效评估,提出一种基于系统聚类法的含新能源电力系统分区策略。首先分析新能源机组惯量与同步机组惯量之间的差异;其次构建节点惯量响应模型,分析节点惯量相关因素的特性;然后通过主成分分析对影响节点惯量的主导变量进行降维,将降维后的变量应用系统聚类法对节点进行聚类分区;最后通过系统辨识得到区域惯量,评判出整个系统惯量的空间分布。在仿真软件中搭建改进的IEEE 10机39节点模型验证了分区策略的合理性。

考虑负荷侧惯量不确定性的机组组合

针对新能源高占比电力系统的频率安全问题和频率安全评价指标中只考虑电源侧惯量的问题,提出一种考虑电源侧惯量和负荷侧惯量并计及预测误差随机性的安全约束机组组合优化模型。首先,推导包含系统整体惯量的频率变化率和频率最低点公式。然后,深入研究电网调度运行的不确定因素,利用蒙特卡洛对风电功率预测误差概率分布模型抽样生成典型场景,利用随机规划理论对负荷侧惯量预测误差建模,在机会约束规划的基础上将其纳入频率约束中,建立随机机会约束的频率安全机组组合优化模型。最后,通过改进的10机算例,验证所提模型的经济性和频率安全性。

结构强度试验惯性力计算方法研究

为验证基于作动筒运动位移数据的加载点惯性力计算方法,设计位控作动筒高频推动测力传感器及质量块往复运动的验证试验,同时在控制系统中引入位移数据FIR滤波算法及加速度计算算法。试验结果表明,试验过程中惯性力计算方法与实际测力传感器反馈数据量级一致,初步证明了算法的可行性。

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料永久模板叠合RC单向板短期刚度计算方法

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HFRCC)具有良好的受拉韧性和耐久性能,是永久模板的理想材料。首先探究了PVA纤维掺量对HFRCC工作性能和抗折强度的影响,随着PVA纤维掺量增加,HFRCC的工作性能显著减弱,抗折强度先增大再减小,最终选用含有1.5%钢纤维和0.25%PVA纤维的HFRCC来制作永久模板。随后对六个HFRCC永久模板叠合RC单向板和一个RC单向板进行了四点受弯试验,探究了HFRCC-RC界面处理方式和配筋率对叠合板受弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:抹平、等距凹槽和钢钉拉毛三种界面处理方式对叠合板受弯性能的影响可以忽略;HFRCC模板能够有效限制裂缝发展,减小裂缝宽度和间距,叠合板的开裂弯矩相比于普通混凝土板提高了20.1%~31.7%。分别采用刚度解析法和有效惯性矩法建立了HFRCC-RC叠合板短期刚度计算方法,两种方法均有较高的计算精度且离散性较小。

电力系统惯量需求:概念、指标及评估方法

低惯量运行风险是电力低碳转型过程中的重大问题,已成为制约以新能源为主体的新型电力系统可持续发展的痛点和关键瓶颈。惯量需求评估是实现系统低惯量风险感知与管控的基础。然而,当前惯量需求相关概念仍不明晰,未充分考虑故障类型和电网频率安全防线的影响,致使评估结果不够合理。文中从基本概念、表征指标和评估方法3个层面对电力系统惯量需求分析开展了研究。首先,考虑惯量支撑功率多阶段响应特征,给出了电力系统惯量需求的基本概念,并从能量和时序视角提出了惯量需求的量化表征指标。然后,综合计及故障类型和频率安全控制策略的影响,构建了一种适用于电网频率安全防线体系的惯量需求评估方法及分级机制。最后,以某实际电网为例,基于所提方法对其系统惯量需求进行评估和分析,验证了所提方法的合理性和有效性。

船舶永磁同步电机在线惯量辨识研究

针对船舶永磁同步电机推进系统的转动惯量和负载转矩存在扰动的问题,提出基于梯度校正法与扩展卡尔曼滤波器结合的在线惯量辨识算法,采用梯度校正法对转动惯量进行辨识,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器观测负载转矩,辨识的惯量值对滤波器的系数矩阵进行修正,同时观测的负载转矩作为梯度校正法的输入参数以及作为电流环的前馈补偿。仿真和实验验证了惯量辨识算法的可行性,以及系统对于负载转矩变化的抗扰动性能。

负荷侧惯量估计的精细化统计修正方法

随着新能源的发展,作为系统惯量主要来源的常规机组不断被替代,负荷侧惯量占比持续提升,其重要性日益凸显。而目前已有负荷侧惯量估计方法较为简单,其估计结果误差较大,不能满足系统运行管理的需求。基于惯性资源统计,文中提出一种负荷侧惯量估计的精细化统计修正方法。首先,从负荷侧基础元件的惯量分析入手,基于基本负荷单元的惯量建模,并给出各种典型负荷模式下的负荷侧惯量估计表达式。然后,面向负荷侧分布式电源接入场景,分析其对惯量估计的隐藏效应,针对表后电源具有与不具有惯性环节2种情形,给出负荷侧惯量估计的统一修正公式。最后,依据IEEE 9节点系统搭建仿真系统,分别对包含与不包含表后电源2种情形进行仿真分析。结果表明所得负荷侧惯量误差均不超过5%,验证了所提惯量估计方法的准确性和可靠性。

基于CFD变形网格法的螺旋桨水中附加转动惯量研究

为了在螺旋桨设计中较为准确地估算螺旋桨在水中的附加转动惯量,为轴系设计提供更为准确的设计输入,并进一步探究螺旋桨设计参数对于附加转动惯量的影响规律,以通用计算流体力学(CFD)软件STAR-CCM+为平台,运用内置的变形网格技术,以某油船螺旋桨为研究对象,进行基于RANS方程全粘流的附加转动惯量数值计算研究。在此基础上,通过参数变换获取两组弦长和螺距等比例变化的螺旋桨模型,计算其附加转动惯量并分析和设计参数之间的关系。结果表明:对于同一弦长分布的桨,附加转动惯量占比(水中附加转动惯量除以自身转动惯量)随螺距的增加而增加;对于同样螺距分布的桨,附加转动惯量占比随弦长的增加而减小。通过回归分析,建立螺旋桨水中附加转动惯量与弦长及螺距的回归模型,实现了设计中的快速预报。

区域负荷惯性时间常数分析及辨识

“双高”电力系统降低了惯量,危及频率稳定。负荷构成复杂,准确的惯性时间常数辨识有利于系统的惯量评估。为此,提出一种区域负荷惯性时间常数辨识方法。首先,基于广义惯量给出负荷惯性时间常数表达式,提出基于负荷并网点电压频率和功率摇摆曲线;然后,利用最小二乘法进行惯性时间常数辨识,并针对多点负荷,给出了区域负荷综合惯性时间常数计算式;最后,通过ETAP12.0对IEEE的3机9节点系统(不含新能源机组)和华东电网局部(含新能源机组)仿真验证所提方法的先进性和有效性。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效计算评估负荷的惯性特性,支撑电网频率稳定分析。

基于DFFRLS的PMSM自校正PI速度控制策略研究

基于惯量辨识的永磁同步电机自校正PI速度控制具有良好的抗负载扰动性能,但受到惯量辨识过程存在抖动的影响转速响应会产生高频振荡。为抑制高频振荡,提出一种基于动态遗忘因子递推最小二乘法惯量辨识的自校正PI控制策略。首先,构造指数函数形式的动态遗忘因子,分析其跟随辨识误差变化的规律并用于转动惯量辨识。然后,采用“振荡指标法”设计PI参数整定公式,并结合DFFRLS惯量辨识过程进行自校正PI控制。仿真和实验结果表明:改进的DFFRLS有效减小了辨识惯量的抖动幅度;所提ST-PIC调速控制策略在保证转速高性能响应的同时有效抑制了高频振荡。

基于延时补偿的新能源惯性时间常数评估方法

新能源惯量响应正逐步成为并网规程的新要求及辅助服务市场的新产品,其惯量响应性能的测试与惯性时间常数的评估,有助于满足相应并网规程要求和清算辅助服务产品经济效益,但惯量响应性能测试标准中未涉及惯性时间常数的评估方法。为此,文中提出了一种基于延时补偿的新能源惯性时间常数评估方法。首先,基于电网模拟器生成系统可能存在的频率变化率和频率偏移量,依据惯量关键评价指标合理选取全动态过程分析的时间节点,以提高分析精度;然后,对惯量响应过程中的有功功率-频率延迟环节进行计算和补偿,以消除延迟造成的评估误差;最后,设计了一种依据差分化同步机摇摆方程的惯量连续评估算法,实现对新能源惯量的准确评估。在RT-LAB半实物平台搭建了新能源惯量评估实验环境,验证了所提算法在不同延时场景下评估结果的准确性。

舰载设备在基础运动激励下的动力响应分析方法

为了解决舰载设备在基础运动激励下的动力响应问题,本文通过对比惯性载荷法、大质量法、大刚度法、直接激励法的动力学方程,探讨不同方法的特点和应用条件,并给出相应的算例与结果分析,为开展舰载设备的动力响应计算提供理论依据及方法。

基于电力系统分区惯量估计的储能容量配置策略

针对大规模新能源接入导致电力系统惯量水平下降,提出了一种基于分区惯量估计的储能容量配置策略。基于传统电力系统的惯量机理分析,建立了含新能源电力系统的等效惯量模型和风光储能虚拟惯量模型。运用谱聚类对电力系统进行分区解决惯量空间分布不均影响估计精度问题,并基于皮尔逊相关系数确定测量节点。运用差值法对分区后系统的各个区域进行惯量估计,进而利用分区惯量估计结果设计电力系统储能容量配置策略。在DIgSLIENT/PowerFactory中搭建含风机的IEEE 10机39节点模型进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明所提方法可以减小惯量估计误差,基于惯量估计结果可以对储能容量进行合理配置,保证储能系统实现快速调频和提供虚拟惯量支撑。

大容量发电机保护断路器用弧触头系统动力学研究

大容量发电机保护断路器是大型发电机组重要的保护装置,其灭弧室内采用主、弧触头异速的运动装置,弧触头系统采用了新型的五连杆机构,文中分析了该运动装置的弧触头系统的受力特性。针对大容量发电机断路器用弧触头系统高速运动、大动力传动且通过分段连续轨道实现异速的特点,首先采用向量和矩阵相结合的解析法计入惯性力;然后研究各段曲线轨道对滚子作用力的共性关系,建立了计入惯性力的通用矩阵模型;最后采用数值分析的迭代法计入摩擦力,获得了异速弧触头系统的动力学特性。文中介绍的动力学研究模型及分析方法可为大容量发电机断路器系列产品用弧触头系统的受力分析提供理论依据,适用于大容量发电机断路器用弧触头系统的设计及优化。

THE COUPLED FEM ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSIENT TEMPERATURE FIELD DURING INERTIA FRICTION WELDING OF GH4169 ALLOY

The inertia friction welding process is a non-linear process because of the interaction between the temperature field and the material properties as well as the friction force. A thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is established to simulate the temperature field of this process. The transient temperature distribution during the inertia friction welding process of two similar workpieces of GH4169 alloy is calculated. The region of the circular cross-section of the workpiece is divided into a number of four-nodded isoparametric elements. In this model, the temperature dependent thermal properties, time dependent heat inputs, contact condition of welding interface, and deformation of the flash were considered. At the same time, the convection and radiation heat losses at the surface of the workpieces were also considered. A temperature data acquisition system was developed. The temperature at some position near the welding interface was measured using this system. The calculated temperature agrees well with the experimental data. The deformation of the flash and the factor affecting the temperature distribution at the welding interface are also discussed.

Influence of Oil Film Inertia on Piston Skirt Lubrication in High Speed Engine

By an iteration method, the influence of oil film inertia on piston skirt lubrication in a high speed engine is investigated. By alternately solving the Navier-Stocks equations and the Reynolds equation, the new iteration method can trace the variations of velocity field and pressure field with time. Based on this, the mixed-lubrication model suitable for the piston skirt of high engines is proposed. By introducing the inertia coefficient, the new lubrication model includes the inertia term in oil film. The model can be also used to solve for the lubrication performances of a piston skirt in low or medium speed engines and for lubrication problem in general excluding the inertia term of oil film , when the inertia coefficient is put equal to zero. The calculation results show that the influence of oil film inertia on the friction force increases with the ratio of the piston skirt's length to its diameter, the inertia coefficient and the eccentricities of the lower and the upper piston skirt, with other conditions kept constant, while the influence of it on the load capacity of oil film is small.