NCCT for Micropolar Solid and Fluid Media Based on Internal Rotations and Rotation Rates with Rotational Inertial Physics: Model Problem Studies

This paper presents model problem studies for micropolar thermoviscoelastic solids without memory and micropolar thermoviscous fluid using micropolar non-classical continuum theories (NCCT) based on internal rotations and rotation rates in which rotational inertial physics is considered in the derivation of the conservation and balance laws (CBL). The dissipation mechanism is due to strain rates as well as rotation rates. Model problems are designed to demonstrate and illustrate various significant aspects of the micropolar NCCT with rotational inertial physics considered in this paper. In case of micropolar solids, the translational and rotational waves are shown to coexist. In the absence of microconstituents (classical continuum theory, CCT) the internal rotations are a free field, hence have no influence on CCT. Absence of gradients of displacements and strains in micropolar thermoviscous fluid medium prohibits existence of translational waves as well as rotational waves even though the appearance of the mathematical model is analogous to the solids, but in terms of strain rates. It is shown that in case of micropolar thermoviscous fluids the BAM behaves more like time dependent diffusion equation i.e., like heat conduction equation in Lagrangian description. The influence of rotational inertial physics is demonstrated using BLM as well as BAM in the model problem studies.

Closed-Loop System Identification Approach of the Inertial Models

The mathematical model that approximates the dynamics of the industrial process is essential for the efficient synthesis of control algorithms in industrial applications. The model of the process can be obtained according to the identification procedures in the open-loop, or in the closed-loop. In the open-loop, the identification methods are well known and offer good process approximation, which is not valid for the closed-loop identification, when the system provides the feedback output and doesn’t permit it to be identified in the open-loop. This paper offers an approach for experimental identification in the closed-loop, which supposes the approximation of the process with inertial models, with or without time delay and astatism. The coefficients are calculated based on the values of the critical transfer coefficient and period of the underdamped response of the closed-loop system with P controller, when system achieves the limit of stability. Finally, the closed-loop identification was verified by the computer simulation and the obtained results demonstrated, that the identification procedure in the closed-loop offers good results in process of estimation of the model of the process.

Study on rate azimuth platform inertial navigation system

The cost of the gravity passive inertial navigation system will be lower witha rate azimuth platform and gravity sensor constituting a gravity measurement and navigationsystem. According to the system performance characteristics, we study the rate azimuth platforminertial navigation system (RAPINS), give the system navigation algorithm, error equations of theattitude, velocity and position of the rate azimuth platform, and random error models of theaccelerometer and gyro. Using the MATLAB/Simulink tools, we study the RAPINS and RAPINS withvelocity damping. Simulation results demonstrate that the RAPINS with velocity damping has smallerrors in platform attitude and position and satisfies gravity measurement and navigationrequirement.

A RELAXED INERTIAL FACTOR OF THE MODIFIED SUBGRADIENT EXTRAGRADIENT METHOD FOR SOLVING PSEUDO MONOTONE VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES IN HILBERT SPACES

In this paper,we investigate pseudomonotone and Lipschitz continuous variational inequalities in real Hilbert spaces.For solving this problem,we propose a new method that combines the advantages of the subgradient extragradient method and the projection contraction method.Some very recent papers have considered different inertial algorithms which allowed the inertial factor is chosen in[0;1].The purpose of this work is to continue working in this direction,we propose another inertial subgradient extragradient method that the inertial factor can be chosen in a special case to be 1.Under suitable mild conditions,we establish the weak convergence of the proposed algorithm.Moreover,linear convergence is obtained under strong pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity assumptions.Finally,some numerical illustrations are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.

A new compensation method for angular rate estimation of non-gyro inertial measurement unit

A new compensation method for angular rate estimation of non-gyro inertial measurement unit （NGIMU） is proposed in terms of the existence of aecelerometer mounting error, which seriously affects the precision of navigation parameter estimation. Using the accelerometer output error function, the algorithm compensates the posture parameters in the traditional algorithm of angular rate estimation to reduce the accelerometer mounting error. According to the traditional aceelerometer configurations, a novel nine-accelerometer confi-guration of NGIMU is presented with its mathematic model constructed. The semi-hardware simulations of the proposed algorithm are investigated based on the presented NGIMU configuration, and the results show the effectivity of the new algorithm.

An Implanted Closed-loop Chip System for Heart Rate Control:System Design and Effects in Conscious Rats

Objective： To evaluate the efficiency of an implanted chip system for the control of heart rate （HR）. Methods： The HR was recorded in six conscious Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats. An implanted chip system was designed to regulate the HR by stimulating the right cervical vagus nerve according to the feedback of real time HR. Each rat was subjected to 30-min regulation and 30-min recovery. The change of HR during the regulation period was compared with the control. The ECG was recorded during the experiment for 24 h. Results： The ECG signals were successfully recorded during the experiment. The HR was significantly decreased during the period of regulation compared with control （-79.3 ± 34.5, P 〈 0.01, n = 6） and then recovered to normal after regulation. Conclusion： The described implanted chip system can regulate the HR to a designated set point.

Nonlinear instability suppression of closed-loop pilot-vehicle system with rate-limiting actuator based on anti-windup compensation

To solve the flight safety problem caused by nonlinear instabilities（category II pilot induced oscillations, PIOs） of the closed-loop pilot-vehicle system with rate-limiting actuator, the antiwindup（AW） compensation method to avoid category II PIOs is investigated. Firstly, the AW compensation method originally used for controlling input magnitude limited system is introduced, then this method is extended for controlling input rate-limiting system through a circle criterion theorem. Secondly, the establishment of the AW compensator is transformed into the solving of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an AW compensator establishment algorithm for the closed-loop pilot-vehicle system with the rate-limiting actuator is obtained. The effectiveness of the AW compensation method to avoid category II PIOs is validated by time-domain simulations,and compared with rate-limited feedback（RLF） command rate compensation method. The results show that the AW compensation method can effectively suppress category II PIOs and maintain the nominal performance when the closed-loop pilot-vehicle system is normal. Unlike the command rate compensator which works upon system uninterruptedly, the AW compensation method affects the closed-loop pilot-vehicle system only when the rate-limiting of actuator is activated, so it is a novel PIO avoidance method.

分裂可行性问题的一个惯性共轭梯度投影法

基于分裂可行性问题的凸约束非线性单调方程组等价问题,提出了一个新的惯性共轭梯度投影法.该算法不需要计算矩阵A^(⊤)A的最大特征值和多次的复杂投影.在较弱的条件下,证明了算法的全局收敛性,并分析了算法的收敛率.数值试验结果初步表明算法是有效的和鲁棒的.

Doppler Effect: A Look from Biology Aging

The Doppler effect can be defined as the frequency shift suffered by a wave phenomenon, when there is a difference in relative speed between the waves generated and their source. We know that it occurs in the case of mechanical and electromagnetic waves. We propose to generalize the Doppler effect to the case of frequency changes of certain oscillatory variables in biology before and after puberty, starting from the basis that a metabolically accelerated system is equivalent to a mechanically accelerated system. We then established the following objectives: To verify if there is an average difference in heart and respiratory rates, before and after puberty. To verify the association of these frequency differences with the metabolic activity estimated as basal metabolic rate or BMR. We studied heart and respiratory rate data from healthy people of both sexes, verifying the frequency distribution before and after puberty. We also study the relationship of the frequency distribution with the evolution of the basal metabolic rate throughout life. Analysis of the results shows that the highest heart and respiratory rates occur before puberty, while the lowest rates occur after puberty. A high correlation of the evolution of the variables studied with the evolution of the metabolic acceleration of the system throughout life is also evident. Taking into account that a mechanically accelerated system is equivalent to a metabolically accelerated system, we can conclude that the frequency distribution found is the expression of a generalization of the Doppler effect in the case of biological physical systems.

Aluminum X-ray mass-ablation rate measurements

Measurements of the mass ablation rate of aluminum(Al)have been completed at the Omega Laser Facility.These measurements show that the mass-ablation rate of Al is higher than plastic(CH),comparable to high density carbon(HDC),and lower than beryllium.The mass-ablation rate is consistent with predictions using a 1D Lagrangian code,Helios.The results suggest Al capsules have a reasonable ablation pressure even with a higher albedo than beryllium or carbon ablators and further investigation into the viability of Al capsules for ignition should be pursued.

Successful use of closed-loop allostatic neurotechnology for post-traumatic stress symptoms in military personnel： self-reported and autonomic improvements

Background:Military-related post-traumatic stress(PTS)is associated with numerous symptom clusters and diminished autonomic cardiovascular regulation.Highresolution,relational,resonance-based,electroencephalic mirroringis a noninvasive,closed-loop,allostatic,acoustic stimulation neurotechnology that produces realtime translation of dominant brain frequencies into audible tones of variable pitch and timing to support the autocalibration of neural oscillations.We report clinical,autonomic,and functional effects after the use offor symptoms of military-related PTS.Methods:Eighteen service members or recent veterans(15 active-duty,3 veterans,most from special operations,1 female),with a mean age of 40.9(SD=6.9)years and symptoms of PTS lasting from 1 to 25 years,undertook19.5(SD=1.1)sessions over 12 days.Inventories for symptoms of PTS(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Military version,PCL-M),insomnia(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI),depression(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale,CES-D),and anxiety(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale,GAD-7)were collected before(Visit1,V1),immediately after(Visit2,V2),and at 1 month(Visit3,V3),3(Visit4,V4),and 6(Visit5,V5)months after intervention completion.Other measures only taken at V1 and V2 included blood pressure and heart rate recordings to analyze heart rate variability(HRV)and baroreflex sensitivity(BRS),functional performance(reaction and grip strength)testing,blood and saliva for biomarkers of stress and inflammation,and blood for epigenetic testing.Paired t-tests,Wilcoxon signed-rank tests,and a repeated-measures ANOVA were performed.Results:Clinically relevant,significant reductions in all symptom scores were observed at V2,with durability through V5.There were significant improvements in multiple measures of HRV and BRS[Standard deviation of the normal beat to normal beat interval(SDNN),root mean square of the successive differences(rMSSD),high frequency(HF),low frequency(LF),and total power,HF alpha,sequence all,and systolic,diastolic and mean arterial pressure]as well as reaction testing.Trends were seen for improved grip strength and a reduction in C-Reactive Protein(CRP),Angiotensin II to Angiotensin 1–7 ratio and Interleukin-10,with no change in DNA n-methylation.There were no dropouts or adverse events reported. Conclusion:Service members or veterans showed reductions in symptomatology of PTS,insomnia,depressive mood,and anxiety that were durable through 6 months after the use of a closed-loop allostatic neurotechnology for the autocalibration of neural oscillations.This study is the first to report increased HRV or BRS after the use of an intervention for service members or veterans with PTS.Ongoing investigations are strongly warranted.Trial registration:NCT03230890,retrospectively registered July 25,2017.

电力系统频率动态中惯量与惯量响应特性辨析

高比例新能源和高比例电力电子设备电力系统中,频率安全问题突出。惯量和虚拟惯量被认为是改善系统频率动态的关键因素。针对电力系统频率动态问题,综述并分析不同物理惯量及虚拟惯量的响应特性和影响。分析同步电机惯量、异步电机惯量、直驱风机(permanent magnet synchronous generator,PMSG)惯量、双馈风机(doubly fed induction generator,DFIG)惯量等旋转设备物理惯量对系统频率动态的影响。同步电机惯量、异步电机惯量、双馈风机惯量均会影响频率动态,但响应特性不同。比较电力电子设备虚拟惯量响应2种不同实现方式的区别,分析虚拟惯量响应所需储能以及控制响应延时的影响。电力电子设备可提供频率的稳态支撑加暂态支撑,虚拟惯量控制是暂态支撑的1种,但需要根据系统不同频率动态控制要求研究不同的暂态支撑控制策略。

基于MEMS-MARG传感器的行人室内定位系统设计

针对低成本行人室内定位系统的实际应用需求,提出了一种基于MEMS-磁、角速度、重力(MARG)传感器的定位方法。基于改进的扩展互补滤波(ECF)算法,结合零速更新(ZUPT)算法与姿态快速收敛(FC)算法,以较低的运算量实现了对行人的定位。设计了相应的软硬件系统,并通过实验对算法性能进行了验证。实验结果表明:基于ECF+FC的行人定位算法性能优于其他基于互补滤波(CF)的方案,能够实现0.5%以内的平面定位误差和1%以内的三维定位误差,可以满足实际需要。

Future for inertial-fusion energy in Europe:a roadmap

The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy research.This accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy production.Europe has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally,and the scientific community is eager to engage in this journey.We propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion reactor.The proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes:(ⅰ)the physics of laser-plasma interaction and burning plasmas;(ⅱ)high-energy high repetition rate laser technology;(ⅲ)fusion reactor technology and materials;and(ⅳ)reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training programmes.We foresee collaboration with universities,research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser fusion.This project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser,plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.

基于改进容积卡尔曼滤波器的超宽带/惯性导航系统室内融合定位技术

在室内非视距环境中,单一超宽带(ultra wide band,UWB)技术会产生稳定性差和定位精度低的问题,以至于不能达到室内定位的要求。将UWB定位技术和惯性导航系统(inertial navigation system,INS)技术相结合,能够有效抑制非视距误差对定位结果的影响,因此本文提出基于改进的容积卡尔曼滤波器(cubature Kalman filter,CKF)的UWB/INS融合室内定位方法。首先,通过广义似然比检测算法对行人的静止态和运动态进行检测;之后对于静止态通过零速修正算法对速度进行修正,零积分航向角速率修正算法对航向角进行修正;然后,通过模糊综合评判的非视距识别算法对非视距信号进行识别,通过基于半定规划的非视距修正算法对识别出的信号进行修正;最后通过改进的容积卡尔曼滤波器将UWB定位数据和INS定位数据进行融合,得出组合定位结果。实验结果显示,与标准容积卡尔曼滤波算法相比,改进的容积卡尔曼滤波算法的定位结果均方根误差降低了2.32 cm(18.82%),拥有更好的定位精度和鲁棒性。

Deformation characteristics and inertial effect of complex aluminum alloy sheet part under impact hydroforming:experiments and numerical analysis

Impact hydroforming(IHF),as a novel sheet metal forming technology with the advantages of high strain rate forming and flexible liquid loading,is highly suitable for efficiently manufacturing aluminum complex-shaped sheet parts.In this paper,deformation characteristics of complex sheet parts under IHF are systematically investigated.The mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy under a wide range of strain rates(10-3 s-1–3.3×103 s-1)were studied.It indicated that the elongation of 2024 aluminum alloy was improved by 116.01%under strain rates of 3.306-×-103 s-1,referring to 10-3 s-1.Further,a complex-shaped part with symmetrical and asymmetrical structures was selected.The deformation characteristics of sheet and role of inertial effect under IHF were investigated with well-developed solid–liquid coupling finite element(SLC-FE)model with high accuracy.Differentiating deformation tendency is found for symmetrical structure with notably prior deformation at central zone,showing a“bulging”profile at initial forming stage.Whereas,synchronous deformation is presented for asymmetrical structure with a“flat”profile.Additionally,distinctive inertial effect was observed at different positions change for both symmetrical and asymmetrical structures,in which lower values were resulted at their central regions.Meanwhile,the inertial effect evolved with the impacting speed.Specially,larger difference of inertial effect was observed with increasing impacting speed.

Modified Inertial Projection Method for Solving Pseudomonotone Variational Inequalities with Non-Lipschitz in Hilbert Spaces

This paper deals with a class of inertial gradient projection methods for solving a vari-ational inequality problem involving pseudomonotone and non-Lipschitz mappings in Hilbert spaces.The proposed algorithm incorporates inertial techniques and the projection and contraction method.The weak convergence is proved without the condition of the Lipschitz continuity of the mappings.Meanwhile,the linear convergence of the algorithm is established under strong pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity assumptions.The main results obtained in this paper extend and improve some related works in the literature.

基于最大耗能速率比和MQHOA的惯容系统设计

为充分利用惯容系统的高耗能特性,基于惯容减震结构的随机地震响应表达式,推导了耗能速率比的解析表达式,并给出最大耗能速率原则等价优化问题的数学描述。用Python语言编制了基于MQHOA设计最大耗能速率比的惯容系统优化程序。通过算例对设计原则和优化算法进行了分析验证,结果表明MQHOA易于编程实现,可以稳健地进行惯容系统的参数优化设计。

Structure design and simulation of MEMS vibrating ring gyroscope

MEMS gyroscope is a new inertial navigation sensor,which can measure the input angular rate of sensitive axis using Coriolis effect.Compared to the conventional gyroscope,it owns many unique advantages.A novel structure of vibrating ring gyroscope is proposed and the finite element model of the oscillator is established based on MEMS technology.Through the modal analysis,the natural frequency and mode shapes of the oscillator are obtained.By analyzing the effects of the structural parameters on the mode shapes and frequency of the harmonic oscillator,the optimal design parameters are got.The frequency difference between the operating mode and the other modes is greater than 1kHz after optimization,which can avoid the frequency coupling of the operating mode and other vibrating modes of the oscillator.The simulation results show that the performance parameters of the ring structure meet the design requirements and have obvious advantages.

全加速度计惯性测量的优化设计及仿真分析

基于炮弹的几何结构及运动特点 ,设计了一种十二加速度计组合的无陀螺惯性测量方案用于测量弹体运动时的角速度和线加速度 .计算机仿真分析显示这种测量方案直接解算的是弹体运动角速度 ,并可以有效地消除重力加速度分量对解算弹体运动角速度及线加速度的影响 .这种惯性测量技术使惯性测量系统结构简单化 ,并有可能降低成本 ,对提高现有常规武器的性能有重大的意义 .