Research progress on inflammatory mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR),as a common microvascular complication of diabetes,is the result of the interaction of multiple factors and multiple mechanisms.Inflammation is one of the important pathophysiological mechanisms of DR.Leukocytes accumulate and adhere to the surface of endothelial cells,glial cell activation and its dysfunction,and the release of vascular endothelial growth factor,interleukin and other inflammatory factors are directly related to the occurrence and development of DR inflammation.Antiinflammation plays an important role in the treatment of DR.Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has a unique advantage in targeting the inflammatory mechanism of DR.Therefore,the inflammatory cells,inflammatory factors and related Chinese medicines closely related to DR are reviewed,in order to provide references for the early prevention and treatment of DR.

Correlation between NF-κB/TNF-αpathway and atrial fibrillation

Objective:To detect the levels of TNF-αand NF-κB in serum and NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation.To investigate the regularity and significance of its changes in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods:Patients with atrial fibrillation hospitalized in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected,including paroxysmal AF group(PAF group,n=75)and non-paroxysmal AF group(nPAF group,n=60),and healthy subjects were selected as the control group(CON group,n=107).Routine examination and color doppler echocardiography were improved after admission.The expression levels of TNF-αand NF-κB in AF and CON groups were detected by ELISA.The expression of NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes of AF and CON groups was detected by Western blot.To study the relationship between TNF-α,NF-κB and atrial fibrillation.Results:The levels of TNF-αand NF-κB in AF group were higher than those in CON group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).nPAF group was higher than PAF group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of TNF-α,NF-κB,LVEDD and LVEDV in PAF group were higher than those in CON group,but lower than those in nPAF group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of LVEF and FS in PAF group were lower than CON group,but higher than nPAF group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Pearson analysis showed that TNF-α,NF-κB were positively correlated with LVEDD and LVEDV in atrial fibrillation group compared with normal group(P<0.05),was negatively correlated with LVEF and FS(P<0.01).Conclusion:The levels of TNF-αand NF-κB in serum and NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes were significantly increased in patients with atrial fibrillation.The occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation were related to NF-κB and TNF-α.