Information Management in Disaster and Humanitarian Response: A Case in United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

To guarantee a unified response to disasters, humanitarian organizations work together via the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Although the OCHA has made great strides to improve its information management and increase the availability of accurate, real-time data for disaster and humanitarian response teams, significant gaps persist. There are inefficiencies in the emergency management of data at every stage of its lifecycle: collection, processing, analysis, distribution, storage, and retrieval. Disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management are the two main tenets of the United Nations’ worldwide plan for disaster management. Information systems are crucial because of the crucial roles they play in capturing, processing, and transmitting data. The management of information is seldom discussed in published works. The goal of this study is to employ qualitative research methods to provide insight by facilitating an expanded comprehension of relevant contexts, phenomena, and individual experiences. Humanitarian workers and OCHA staffers will take part in the research. The study subjects will be chosen using a random selection procedure. Online surveys with both closed- and open-ended questions will be used to compile the data. UN OCHA offers a structure for the handling of information via which all humanitarian actors may contribute to the overall response. This research will enable the UN Office for OCHA better gather, process, analyze, disseminate, store, and retrieve data in the event of a catastrophe or humanitarian crisis.

Summary Analysis of National Surveillance on Kashin-Beck Disease from 1990 to 2023

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic situation of children with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)in China,and provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods Fixed-point monitoring,moving-point monitoring,and full coverage of monitoring were promoted successively from 1990 to 2023.Some children(7-12 years old)underwent clinical and right-hand X-ray examinations every year.According to the KBD diagnosis criteria,clinical and X-ray assessments were used to confirm the diagnosis.Results In 1990,the national KBD detectable rate was 21.01%.X-ray detection decreased to below 10%in 2003 and below 5%in 2007.Between 2010 and 2018,the prevalence of KBD in children was less than 0.4%,which fluctuated at a low level,and has decreased to 0%since 2019.Spatial epidemiological analysis indicated a spatial clustering of adult patients prevalence rate in the KBD areas.Conclusion The evaluation results of the elimination of KBD in China over the last 5 years showed that all villages in the monitored areas have reached the elimination standard.While the adult KBD patients still need for policy consideration and care.

Information as a Tool for Achieving Sustainable National Development： A Case Study of Nigeria

Information is power. Information, especially in the present computer age, drives the world, our communication, our decision-making, and our reactions to things happening around us and even beyond. Thus the importance of information to individuals, organizations and even nations cannot be overemphasized. This paper focuses on the usefulness of information to national development, using Nigeria as a case study. Deferent countries have used different strategies and approaches successfully, to initiate and pursue development goals, ranging from import substitution strategy as the case of the Asian tigers, to export-led strategy as has been the case of the developed capitalist countries of the West. In all of this, the role of information in making it possible for Nigeria and other developing countries of the world to know and learn about development strategies from the developed world through internet, radio, television, print, meetings and international conferences has been very rewarding. One major finding from the avalanche of literature consulted is that no one particular strategy can be said to be universally most effective; the success or failure of a particular strategy depends on the prevailing circumstances in individual countries. It is recommended, among others, that economic experts involved in decision-making on national development should always be on the watch out to get the latest information on issues relating to national development.

China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture

China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture （NERCITA） was established in 2001 with the approval of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As a national research institution, it mainly engages in research and development of agricultural and rural informatization engineering technology. Based on the requirements of agricultural and rural development of China, the major mission of NERCITA is to make key technology innovation, establish technical platform and develop significant products for agriculture, which focus on five aspects： intelligent information processing technology, remote sensing and geographic information system, precision agriculture, biological environment control engineering and automation technology as well as fast detection techniques of agricultural product security and the monitoring technology of farmland environmental quality. The ultimate goal is to provide a powerful technological support for agricultural modernization and rural development.

Establishment of a National Biomedical Information Center Proposed

Bioinformatics research institutes or centers have made their debut in China in recent years. However, their capacity and academic build-up are not satisfactory. In order to keep abreast with the advanced international level in terms of scholarship, a well-known Chinese scientist has called on the central authorities to set up a national biomedical information center. Duplicate construction of bioinformatics institutions would be a waste of scarce resources,

Current status and future development of Chinese Government Public Information Online

Since its launch last year, the Chinese Government Public Information Online(CGPIO) platform's basic construction has developed rapidly. This paper describes the technology and service status of the platform, analyzes its problems, and details the future development of the alliance platform in the future.

Information literacy course design based on student survey: The practice of subject librarians at NSL, CAS

Purpose: This paper aims to explore best practices in academic and research libraries in providing information literacy(IL) instruction to science and engineering graduate students.Design/methodology/approach: Using the questionnaire survey method, we conducted an IL assessment study on 114 graduate students enrolling in graduate courses offered by College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(GUCAS).Findings: The current situation of graduate students' IL competencies and the need to develop them are revealed. An IL course was designed by subject librarians of National Science Library(NSL), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), with three patterns addressing the development of graduate students' IL competencies.Research limitations: It is only about the practice of subject librarians at NSL, CAS, in designing IL courses for graduate students enrolling in graduate courses offered by College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GUCAS.Practical implications: The results can provide a lot of useful information for the improvement of IL competencies of graduate students in science and technology disciplines.Originality/value: It is significant for assisting future subject librarians in incorporating IL skills into their course, especially for academic and research librarians to prepare and develop IL courses for science and engineering graduate students.

中国地图制图学与地理信息工程进展报告(2019—2023)

本报告根据2019年以来中国在地图学与地理信息技术方面的进展状况,对地图学理论、数字地图制图与出版技术、国家基础地理信息数据库更新、地理信息技术和产业发展、地理信息应用与服务、地图集编制出版、新型在线地图等方面所取得的成就和进展进行总结,报告最后对中国地图学与地理信息工程发展趋势进行了展望。

数据主权主体论

数字经济飞速发展催生数据主权,深刻影响国家数据安全和全球数据治理实践。出于管辖、隐私和商业利益等因素考量,现有研究分别提出了国家、个人和企业三类数据主权归属主体,模糊了国家作为唯一主权者的权威身份。通过追溯历史、分析现状可以发现,个人与企业不可能成为数据主权的行使主体,个人和企业的利益诉求可用个人信息权利、企业数据权利等制度安排以蔽之,无论从性质上还是内容上讲,都不属于数据主权的范畴。对于个人而言,其主权主张滥觞于信息自决权,且个人缺乏对海量数据的掌控能力,个人作为数据的产生者并非理所当然是数据的所有者和主权者;对于企业而言,其因数据分析和处理能力获取的数据权力使之仅处于支配地位而非法律地位,更不能将其提升至主权地位,企业依旧是被监管者。事实上,自博丹以来的主权学说和国家间主权实践确立了国家不可动摇的主权者地位,在虚拟空间维护国家安全和人民利益的主权责任只有国家能够承担,受新一轮产业技术革命赋能的多元主体作用的提升并未侵蚀主权,相反,国家数据主权在应对新问题、新挑战的过程中获得了增强。

高校国家知识产权信息服务中心建设与服务现状及发展对策研究

基于知识产权推动创新发展、引领经济结构转型升级和支撑经济高质量发展的背景,文章通过对我国103所高校国家知识产权信息服务中心的建设现状、服务现状开展调研,分析存在问题,提出对策与建议,以期推动高校图书馆知识产权信息服务健康、可持续发展。

体系化构造:美国保密基础设施立法及启示

数字技术高速发展态势下,国家保密法律制度需要树立符合时代特征的保密基础设施概念,充分考虑设置、维护、管理和销毁保密信息的端点、系统环境、人员的安全及相应的能力,以积极应对网络信息技术运用带来的环境变化和挑战。第二次世界大战后美国保密立法历程表明,美国通过法律法规推动保密基础设施的现代化和改革,逐步完成了系统架构下的涉密信息安全保障;而立法后紧跟的标准、手册等规范文件对贯彻实施其保密基础设施法律法规也起到了非常重要的作用。美国保密基础设施立法一直以国家安全战略为遵循,并不断加强与企业合作,如今则更加重视与网络安全的衔接。研究美国保密基础设施立法现状与趋势,为中国从立法理念、规范内容和形式等方面完善保密法律制度提供了新思路。

数字人文档案与国家记忆工程的相互关系与作用研究

探讨“数字人文档案”概念的内涵及意义,剖析数字人文档案与国家记忆工程之间的关系和相互作用,为相关领域的研究和实践提供理论指导和方法支持。通过文献综述和理论分析的方法,全面系统地探讨数字人文档案与国家记忆工程的相互关系和作用。提出“数字人文档案”的内涵是将数字人文成果以档案的形式进行保存、管理和利用,并分析了数字人文档案与国家记忆工程对记忆资源维护的相互促进关系。

信息资源管理学科研究方法知识库构建及其应用研究

文章主要介绍了邓胜利教授2023年国家社会科学基金重大项目中标选题“信息资源管理学科研究方法知识库构建及其应用研究”的相关研究内容。首先阐述了课题的选题背景及研究价值,在梳理国内外研究现状基础上,提出构建信息资源管理学科研究方法知识库的必要性和突破口;接着介绍了课题的总体框架、主要内容以及研究方法和研究目标;最后提出课题的重点、难点与创新之处。

信息消费何以赋能城市活力?——基于需求侧和供给侧的双重视角

中国正处于实施城市更新行动与践行人民城市理念的关键时期,信息消费作为重要的新兴消费领域,对满足多样化、高品质的消费需求,提升城市活力、人居品质发挥着重要的作用。本文以国家信息消费试点政策为准自然实验,选取相关统计数据与开源大数据,运用多期双重差分模型实证检验了信息消费赋能城市活力的影响效应。研究结果显示:(1)信息消费试点政策能够提高试点城市的活力水平。这一结论在替换被解释变量、克服内生性问题、排除异质性处理效应与控制国家智慧城市试点政策等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。(2)信息消费试点政策主要从供需两端推动城市活力提升,需求侧提高消费需求效应,供给侧信息产业集聚、创新促进与信息基础设施建设是影响城市活力的重要途径。(3)信息消费试点政策的城市活力提升效应在行政等级更高、地理区位更具优势、城市规模更大以及经济发展水平更高的城市更为明显。(4)信息消费试点政策对城市活力的提高具有正向空间溢出效应。本文的研究结论为加速释放信息消费潜力,促进信息消费扩容提质,推动城市高质量发展和现代化建设提供了政策依据。

国家力量、推送模式与国际组织的国家代表性——基于联合国系统职员数据的实证分析

成员国在国际组织任职的本国公民数量是该国在组织中代表性的重要组成部分。职员是成员国对国际组织施加非正式影响的途径之一,因此国际组织中的国家代表性也成为各成员国关注的重点。国家物质性力量、非物质性力量、国际组织活动数量以及时间对国家代表性均产生一定的影响。其中,非物质性力量在此前探讨国家代表性影响机制的研究中鲜有出现。通过对联合国成员国40年的数据进行分析以及对上述国家代表性影响因素进行验证,发现传统工业化国家和新兴国家在联合国的代表性特征各有不同。对亚洲和欧洲国家的案例分析进一步表明,如若按照国家力量水平和增长率这两个维度进行分类,不同国家在推动本国公民进入国际组织时采取的不同模式,可以概括为“维持秩序型国家”“寻求重构型国家”“顺水推舟型国家”及“被迫改变型国家”。这些国家在国际组织中的职员代表性现状千差万别,将本国公民推送进入国际组织投入的资源也各不相同。本研究对国家代表性领域过往文献进行了理论与实证补充,并为主权国家向国际组织输送本国公民任职的实践提供政策启示。

全民健身信息服务平台线上健身课程体系构建

构建全民健身信息服务平台线上健身课程体系是全民增强体质、促进健康和提升幸福感的基本体育权利保障,是推动全民健身与全民健康深度融合的重要举措。运用文献研究法和逻辑分析法剖析我国线上健身课程的研究现状与应用现状,明晰线上健身课程应用面临的主要问题;在识别新时期全民健身事业发展新形式、新要求的基础上,疏理线上健身课程体系构建的现实需求。基于此提出,构建覆盖全人群的课程体系,设计多样化的课程内容,提供全方位的健身指导,推进多领域主体协同引领。课程体系包括开发类、生成类和混合类3层结构,涵盖幼儿、儿童、青少年、中年人、老年人和特殊人群的课程模块,旨在通过科学化、个性化的课程设计,全面满足不同人群的健身需求,提高全民健身的科学化水平,进一步推动“健康中国”的建设。

人类遗传资源安全的刑法全面性保护

为贯彻落实总体国家安全观,并回应人类遗传资源安全管理的规范发展要求,《刑法修正案(十一)》专门增设第三百三十四条之一,但却仍不足以全面保障人类遗传资源安全。究其原因,一是未规定单位犯罪,二是未全面规制非法提供和买卖人类遗传资源的行为,三是未同等保护人类遗传资源材料和人类遗传资源信息。在总体国家安全观的背景下,涉及人类遗传资源的前置法规制体系日趋完善。刑法全面保护人类遗传资源安全的关键,在于填补非法采集人类遗传资源、走私人类遗传资源材料罪的规范漏洞,合理解释关联罪名则是当下最优解。具体而言,把人类遗传资源信息解释为公民个人信息中的生物识别信息,并将侵犯人类遗传资源安全的行为解释为出售、提供或以其他方法非法获取公民个人信息,从而借助侵犯公民个人信息罪,全面评价自然人或者单位实施的非法采集、非法提供、买卖人类遗传资源材料、人类遗传资源信息的行为。

近十年国内信息用户与行为研究主题变迁及趋势研究——基于2011—2020年国家社科立项项目

[目的/意义]信息用户与行为一直是图情领域的研究热点,通过国家社科项目立项数据,分析近十年来我国信息用户与行为研究主题的特点与发展趋势。[方法/过程]收集2011–2020年十年间信息用户与行为研究相关的国社科立项指南、立项项目及相关发文成果信息。分析项目及其成果发文的外部计量特征,并借助可视化分析软件CiteSpace进行内容分析,揭示国内信息用户与行为研究的主题特点和变迁。[结果/结论]图书馆读者相关的服务研究及网络相关信息行为研究是十年间的长线研究主题,十二五时期与十三五时期研究内容、依托理论、研究方法具有一定差异。未来研究将围绕服务国家重大战略、服务人工智能等新科技发展需求、推进“以用户为中心”研究理念、深化相关影响因素研究等问题开展。

中等规模城市居民住房条件的时空分异格局及驱动机制——以肇庆市为例

中等规模城市住房发展的不充分不平衡问题长期被学术界所忽视。文章基于肇庆市第六次和第七次全国分乡镇街道人口普查数据,构建肇庆市居民住房条件评价体系,分析2010—2020年肇庆市居民住房条件的时空分异格局、空间相关特征和驱动机制。结果表明:1)2010—2020年,肇庆市居民住房条件的空间差异特征发生明显变化,表现为高分区域由东南向西北转移;2)肇庆市居民住房条件总体呈现显著的空间集聚特征,10年间住房总体条件得分的空间集聚度变化不大,建成年代、建筑结构和住房生活设施得分的空间集聚度大幅下降;3)2020年,城镇居民和乡村居民的住房条件呈现不同的空间分异格局,乡村住房的人均建筑面积子系统主导该市所有居民住房条件的空间分异格局;4)驱动机制方面,早期的城市形态构成肇庆市住房条件空间格局的历史基础,政府政策与规划是塑造空间格局演变的关键动力,住房市场的过滤效应进一步强化既定的空间格局。

全球化背景下的网络内容安全风险升级与治理

网络内容安全是网络内容治理的重要方面,也是信息安全和国家安全领域的重要命题。网络内容的内涵随着互联网技术和全球化趋势的演进发生了变化,传统的技术领域风险逐渐向认知领域拓展。在生成式人工智能出现和发展的背景下,网络内容安全风险进一步出现了隐蔽化、长线化转向,为社会带来了深层次风险与挑战。深刻认识网络内容安全的发展变化与风险挑战,厘清网络内容安全风险升级背后的基本逻辑关系,构建现代化的网络内容安全治理体系,是推进互联网治理、应对网络安全问题和维护国家安全的重要使命与目标。