随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,基础设施即服务(IaaS:Infrastructure as a Service)提供商要在竞争中胜出,很大程度上取决于其对产品的合理定价。考察一个拥有两种互补云计算资源的IaaS提供商,针对预留类产品的三种销售模式(单独销售、捆绑销...随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,基础设施即服务(IaaS:Infrastructure as a Service)提供商要在竞争中胜出,很大程度上取决于其对产品的合理定价。考察一个拥有两种互补云计算资源的IaaS提供商,针对预留类产品的三种销售模式(单独销售、捆绑销售和混合销售),比较不同模式下的最优定价和IaaS提供商的利润情况。研究表明:(1)对于IaaS提供商而言,选择混合销售时利润最大,若其只能选择非混合销售,则当资源间互补性较强、且用户对捆绑折扣价格较为敏感时,选择捆绑销售,否则选择单独销售。(2)对于用户而言,捆绑产品用户最偏好捆绑销售,非捆绑产品用户最偏好混合销售。(3)灵敏度分析的结果表明,当资源间互补系数越小时,IaaS提供商的利润越大,混合销售的盈利优势越不明显。展开更多
为了解决IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)云的工作流调度优化问题,提出基于预算约束的工作流调度算法。以最小化工作流调度时长为目标,算法分调度任务选择和虚拟机实例选择两阶段进行。第一阶段将工作流任务依据依赖关系作层次划分,...为了解决IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)云的工作流调度优化问题,提出基于预算约束的工作流调度算法。以最小化工作流调度时长为目标,算法分调度任务选择和虚拟机实例选择两阶段进行。第一阶段将工作流任务依据依赖关系作层次划分,同层次组成包任务,以Min-Max方法对层次任务估算时间作标准化处理,定义最迟完成时间与最早完成时间差值最大者为调度任务;第二阶段在期望预算下以最早完成时间最小为标准选择资源,实现任务与资源间的映射。利用算例阐述了算法实现过程,并通过仿真实验测试了算法性能。结果证实,改进算法执行效率与调度成功率优于同类算法。展开更多
Auxin plays a crucial role in all aspects of plant growth and development.Auxin can induce the rapid and efficient expression of some genes,which are named auxin early response genes(AERGs),mainly including the three ...Auxin plays a crucial role in all aspects of plant growth and development.Auxin can induce the rapid and efficient expression of some genes,which are named auxin early response genes(AERGs),mainly including the three families:auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA),Gretchen Hagen 3(GH3),and small auxin-up RNA(SAUR).Aux/IAA encodes the Aux/IAA protein,which is a negative regulator of auxin response.Aux/IAA and auxin response factor(ARF)form a heterodimer and participate in a variety of physiological processes through classical or non-classical auxin signaling pathways.The GH3 encodes auxin amide synthetase,which catalyzes the binding of auxin to acyl-containing small molecule substrates(such as amino acids and jasmonic acid),and regulates plant growth and stresses by regulating auxin homeostasis.SAURs is a class of small auxin up-regulated RNAs.SAUR response to auxin is complex,and the process may occur at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional and protein levels.With the development of multi-omics,significant progress has been made in the study of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR genes,but there are still many unknowns.This review offers insight into the characteristics of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR gene families,and their roles in roots,hypocotyls,leaves,leaf inclinations,flowers,seed development,stress response,and phytohormone crosstalk,and provides clues for future research on phytohormone signaling and the molecular design breeding of crops.展开更多
Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants.Our previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibit...Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants.Our previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibits expression of some genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway,but its physiological function in the tea plant remained unknown.Here,CsMYB4a was found to be highly expressed in anther and filaments,and participated in regulating filament growth.Transcriptome analysis and exogenous auxin treatment showed that the target of CsMYB4a might be the auxin signal pathway.Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid 4(AUX/IAA4),a repressor in auxin signal transduction,was detected from a yeast two-hybrid screen using CsMYB4a as bait.Gene silencing assays showed that both CsIAA4 and CsMYB4a regulate filament growth.Tobacco plants overexpressing CsIAA4 were insensitive to exogenous a-NAA,consistent with overexpression of CsMYB4a.Protein-protein interaction experiments revealed that CsMYB4a interacts with N-terminal of CsIAA4 to prevent CsIAA4 degradation.Knock out of the endogenous NtIAA4 gene,a CsIAA4 homolog,in tobacco alleviated filament growth inhibition and a-NAA insensitivity in plants overexpressing CsMYB4a.All results strongly suggest that CsMYB4a works synergistically with CsIAA4 and participates in regulation of the auxin pathway in stamen.展开更多
文摘随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,基础设施即服务(IaaS:Infrastructure as a Service)提供商要在竞争中胜出,很大程度上取决于其对产品的合理定价。考察一个拥有两种互补云计算资源的IaaS提供商,针对预留类产品的三种销售模式(单独销售、捆绑销售和混合销售),比较不同模式下的最优定价和IaaS提供商的利润情况。研究表明:(1)对于IaaS提供商而言,选择混合销售时利润最大,若其只能选择非混合销售,则当资源间互补性较强、且用户对捆绑折扣价格较为敏感时,选择捆绑销售,否则选择单独销售。(2)对于用户而言,捆绑产品用户最偏好捆绑销售,非捆绑产品用户最偏好混合销售。(3)灵敏度分析的结果表明,当资源间互补系数越小时,IaaS提供商的利润越大,混合销售的盈利优势越不明显。
文摘为了解决IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)云的工作流调度优化问题,提出基于预算约束的工作流调度算法。以最小化工作流调度时长为目标,算法分调度任务选择和虚拟机实例选择两阶段进行。第一阶段将工作流任务依据依赖关系作层次划分,同层次组成包任务,以Min-Max方法对层次任务估算时间作标准化处理,定义最迟完成时间与最早完成时间差值最大者为调度任务;第二阶段在期望预算下以最早完成时间最小为标准选择资源,实现任务与资源间的映射。利用算例阐述了算法实现过程,并通过仿真实验测试了算法性能。结果证实,改进算法执行效率与调度成功率优于同类算法。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060451 and 32372073)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2022ZD11)+1 种基金the Science-Technology Plan Project of Inner Mongolia(2023YFDZ0007)Applied Technology Research and Development Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2021PT0001).
文摘Auxin plays a crucial role in all aspects of plant growth and development.Auxin can induce the rapid and efficient expression of some genes,which are named auxin early response genes(AERGs),mainly including the three families:auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA),Gretchen Hagen 3(GH3),and small auxin-up RNA(SAUR).Aux/IAA encodes the Aux/IAA protein,which is a negative regulator of auxin response.Aux/IAA and auxin response factor(ARF)form a heterodimer and participate in a variety of physiological processes through classical or non-classical auxin signaling pathways.The GH3 encodes auxin amide synthetase,which catalyzes the binding of auxin to acyl-containing small molecule substrates(such as amino acids and jasmonic acid),and regulates plant growth and stresses by regulating auxin homeostasis.SAURs is a class of small auxin up-regulated RNAs.SAUR response to auxin is complex,and the process may occur at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional and protein levels.With the development of multi-omics,significant progress has been made in the study of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR genes,but there are still many unknowns.This review offers insight into the characteristics of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR gene families,and their roles in roots,hypocotyls,leaves,leaf inclinations,flowers,seed development,stress response,and phytohormone crosstalk,and provides clues for future research on phytohormone signaling and the molecular design breeding of crops.
基金This work was financially supported by the joint funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20232)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32072621,32002088,31870676)Collegiate Collaborative Innovation Foundation of Anhui Province(GXXT-2020-081).
文摘Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants.Our previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibits expression of some genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway,but its physiological function in the tea plant remained unknown.Here,CsMYB4a was found to be highly expressed in anther and filaments,and participated in regulating filament growth.Transcriptome analysis and exogenous auxin treatment showed that the target of CsMYB4a might be the auxin signal pathway.Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid 4(AUX/IAA4),a repressor in auxin signal transduction,was detected from a yeast two-hybrid screen using CsMYB4a as bait.Gene silencing assays showed that both CsIAA4 and CsMYB4a regulate filament growth.Tobacco plants overexpressing CsIAA4 were insensitive to exogenous a-NAA,consistent with overexpression of CsMYB4a.Protein-protein interaction experiments revealed that CsMYB4a interacts with N-terminal of CsIAA4 to prevent CsIAA4 degradation.Knock out of the endogenous NtIAA4 gene,a CsIAA4 homolog,in tobacco alleviated filament growth inhibition and a-NAA insensitivity in plants overexpressing CsMYB4a.All results strongly suggest that CsMYB4a works synergistically with CsIAA4 and participates in regulation of the auxin pathway in stamen.
