An accelerated water-streaming test was used to evaluate several roofing materials regarding their behavior to colonization by algae, by closely reproducing the phenomenon of natural biological soiling. A set of roofi...An accelerated water-streaming test was used to evaluate several roofing materials regarding their behavior to colonization by algae, by closely reproducing the phenomenon of natural biological soiling. A set of roofing materials with defined physical and chemical characteristics was thus investigated against the colonization by algae. Porosity, roughness and chemical composition showed to be factors of influence in the establishment of those micro-organisms.展开更多
This study presents the antimicrobial effect of natural surface secretes of some common ornamental plants leaves （Ficus elastica, Philodendrom bipinnatifidum and Aglonema） against some pathogenic bacteria （ Escheri...This study presents the antimicrobial effect of natural surface secretes of some common ornamental plants leaves （Ficus elastica, Philodendrom bipinnatifidum and Aglonema） against some pathogenic bacteria （ Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and Staph. Aureus）, and fungi （Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus flavus）. It was concluded that all tested washing water of the plants leaves secretes exhibited various inhibitory effects, both Philodendrom more antibacterial activity than Ficus elastica. While both E. coli and P bipinnatifidum and Aglonema commutatum had exhibited aeruginosa were being more sensitive than Staph. aureus. The same inhibitory effects were observed when the plants leaves inoculated in their surface with pathogenic bacteria. In contrast to bacterial inhibitory effects, the washing water of natural surface secretes of tested ornamental plants leaves induced mycelium growth of both tested fungi. Microsporum gypseum mycelium growth induced more than Aspergillusflavus especially in case of the washing water of Ficus elastic that have highest effects at 7.5/500 mL of medium. This study concluded the uses of ornamental plants for the indoors and outdoors to control the growth of pathogenic microbes and problems associated with hospital.展开更多
2D,3D chloride ion concentration at the edge and corner zones were systematically investigated for fly ash concretes made with different cement replacement percentage by fly ash （0%,10%,20%,40%,60%）,water to binder ...2D,3D chloride ion concentration at the edge and corner zones were systematically investigated for fly ash concretes made with different cement replacement percentage by fly ash （0%,10%,20%,40%,60%）,water to binder ratios （0.3,0.35,0.4）,and curing ages （28 d,90 d）.An interaction effect caused by 2D and 3D diffusion could obviously be observed through the comparison with 1D testing results.In order to quantify the interaction effect,2D and 3D diffusion interaction coefficients was proposed in this paper.Finally,the changes of 2D and 3D interaction coefficients with the change in the free chloride ion concentration were given.The above research provide an insight into chloride ion attack on the edge and corner reinforcing bars of concrete structures in the field of civil engineering.展开更多
Organic dust flames deal with a field of science in which many complicated phenomena like pyrolysis or devolatization of solid particles and combustion of volatile particles take place. One-dimensional flame propagati...Organic dust flames deal with a field of science in which many complicated phenomena like pyrolysis or devolatization of solid particles and combustion of volatile particles take place. One-dimensional flame propagation in cloud of fuel mixture is analyzed in which flame structure is divided into three zones. The first zone is preheat zone in which rate of the chemical reaction is small and transfer phenomena play significant role in temperature and mass distributions. In this model, it is assumed that particles pyrolyze first to yield a gaseous fuel mixture. The second zone is reaction zone where convection and vaporization rates of the particles are small. The third zone is convection zone where diffusive terms are negligible in comparison of other terms. Non-zero Biot number is used in order to study effect of particles thermal resistance on flame characteristics. Also, effect of particle size on combustion of micro organic dust is investigated. According to obtained results, it is understood that both flame temperature and burning velocity decrease with rise in the Biot number and particle size.展开更多
Songliao Basin is filled predominantly with continental facies sediments including alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fan delta, lacustrine delta, shore - shallow lacustrine, beach salty flat, semi - deep to deep lacustrine...Songliao Basin is filled predominantly with continental facies sediments including alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fan delta, lacustrine delta, shore - shallow lacustrine, beach salty flat, semi - deep to deep lacustrine, subaqueous gravity flow,lacustrine swamp and pyroclastic sediments. However, some event units were formed during lake - marine linking periods of the Mid - Cretaceous in the basin, which include black shales with high values for salinity (Sr/Ba) , alkalinity ( Ca + Mg)/(Si + Al) , reducibility (Ni + Zn)/Ga and sulfide sulfur as well as heavy isotopes. The Breitenholz -section to be represented for facies comparison with the Cretaceous evaporitic series in Northeast China is localized in Southwest Germany. Stratigraphically it belongs to the Crabfeld Formation of Keuper of the Germanic Triassic corresponding to Ladinian - Carnian of the international reference scale, and is generally called Lower Gipskeuper. The Germanic Triassic was deposited in the epicontinental (cratonic) central Europe Basin. It covered the area in between Great Britain, North Sea, Poland and Southern Germany. It is composed of cyclic deposits of multicolored mudstones, gypsum/anhydrite, and dolomite beds. The two cases of marine ingression - influenced sequences share some common features.展开更多
A high optical magnification three-dimensional imaging system is proposed using an optic microscope whose ocular （eyepiece） is retained and the structure of the transmission mode is not destroyed. The elemental imag...A high optical magnification three-dimensional imaging system is proposed using an optic microscope whose ocular （eyepiece） is retained and the structure of the transmission mode is not destroyed. The elemental image array is captured through the micro lens array. Due to the front diffuse transmission element, each micro lens sees a slightly different spatial perspective of the scene, and a different independent image is formed in each micro lens channel. Each micro lens channel is imaged by a Fourier lens and captured by a CCD. The design translating the stage in x or y provides no parallax. Compared with the conventional integral imaging of micro-objects, the optical magnification of micro-objects in the proposed system can enhanced remarkably. The principle of the enhancement of the image depth is explained in detail and the experimental results are presented.展开更多
文摘An accelerated water-streaming test was used to evaluate several roofing materials regarding their behavior to colonization by algae, by closely reproducing the phenomenon of natural biological soiling. A set of roofing materials with defined physical and chemical characteristics was thus investigated against the colonization by algae. Porosity, roughness and chemical composition showed to be factors of influence in the establishment of those micro-organisms.
文摘This study presents the antimicrobial effect of natural surface secretes of some common ornamental plants leaves （Ficus elastica, Philodendrom bipinnatifidum and Aglonema） against some pathogenic bacteria （ Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and Staph. Aureus）, and fungi （Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus flavus）. It was concluded that all tested washing water of the plants leaves secretes exhibited various inhibitory effects, both Philodendrom more antibacterial activity than Ficus elastica. While both E. coli and P bipinnatifidum and Aglonema commutatum had exhibited aeruginosa were being more sensitive than Staph. aureus. The same inhibitory effects were observed when the plants leaves inoculated in their surface with pathogenic bacteria. In contrast to bacterial inhibitory effects, the washing water of natural surface secretes of tested ornamental plants leaves induced mycelium growth of both tested fungi. Microsporum gypseum mycelium growth induced more than Aspergillusflavus especially in case of the washing water of Ficus elastic that have highest effects at 7.5/500 mL of medium. This study concluded the uses of ornamental plants for the indoors and outdoors to control the growth of pathogenic microbes and problems associated with hospital.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Fundation of China (No.51178106)Open Program from Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction (No.2008TMKF009)+1 种基金973 Program (No.2009CB623200)Program for New Century Excellent Talentsin University
文摘2D,3D chloride ion concentration at the edge and corner zones were systematically investigated for fly ash concretes made with different cement replacement percentage by fly ash （0%,10%,20%,40%,60%）,water to binder ratios （0.3,0.35,0.4）,and curing ages （28 d,90 d）.An interaction effect caused by 2D and 3D diffusion could obviously be observed through the comparison with 1D testing results.In order to quantify the interaction effect,2D and 3D diffusion interaction coefficients was proposed in this paper.Finally,the changes of 2D and 3D interaction coefficients with the change in the free chloride ion concentration were given.The above research provide an insight into chloride ion attack on the edge and corner reinforcing bars of concrete structures in the field of civil engineering.
文摘Organic dust flames deal with a field of science in which many complicated phenomena like pyrolysis or devolatization of solid particles and combustion of volatile particles take place. One-dimensional flame propagation in cloud of fuel mixture is analyzed in which flame structure is divided into three zones. The first zone is preheat zone in which rate of the chemical reaction is small and transfer phenomena play significant role in temperature and mass distributions. In this model, it is assumed that particles pyrolyze first to yield a gaseous fuel mixture. The second zone is reaction zone where convection and vaporization rates of the particles are small. The third zone is convection zone where diffusive terms are negligible in comparison of other terms. Non-zero Biot number is used in order to study effect of particles thermal resistance on flame characteristics. Also, effect of particle size on combustion of micro organic dust is investigated. According to obtained results, it is understood that both flame temperature and burning velocity decrease with rise in the Biot number and particle size.
基金NSFC (National Science Foundation of China) Project No. 4967212, attained with the assistance of the AvH (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation) of Germany.
文摘Songliao Basin is filled predominantly with continental facies sediments including alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fan delta, lacustrine delta, shore - shallow lacustrine, beach salty flat, semi - deep to deep lacustrine, subaqueous gravity flow,lacustrine swamp and pyroclastic sediments. However, some event units were formed during lake - marine linking periods of the Mid - Cretaceous in the basin, which include black shales with high values for salinity (Sr/Ba) , alkalinity ( Ca + Mg)/(Si + Al) , reducibility (Ni + Zn)/Ga and sulfide sulfur as well as heavy isotopes. The Breitenholz -section to be represented for facies comparison with the Cretaceous evaporitic series in Northeast China is localized in Southwest Germany. Stratigraphically it belongs to the Crabfeld Formation of Keuper of the Germanic Triassic corresponding to Ladinian - Carnian of the international reference scale, and is generally called Lower Gipskeuper. The Germanic Triassic was deposited in the epicontinental (cratonic) central Europe Basin. It covered the area in between Great Britain, North Sea, Poland and Southern Germany. It is composed of cyclic deposits of multicolored mudstones, gypsum/anhydrite, and dolomite beds. The two cases of marine ingression - influenced sequences share some common features.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund Project of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province under Grant No 15JK1732the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant No2014JQ1044the Science Foundation of Northwest University under Grant No 12NW01
文摘A high optical magnification three-dimensional imaging system is proposed using an optic microscope whose ocular （eyepiece） is retained and the structure of the transmission mode is not destroyed. The elemental image array is captured through the micro lens array. Due to the front diffuse transmission element, each micro lens sees a slightly different spatial perspective of the scene, and a different independent image is formed in each micro lens channel. Each micro lens channel is imaged by a Fourier lens and captured by a CCD. The design translating the stage in x or y provides no parallax. Compared with the conventional integral imaging of micro-objects, the optical magnification of micro-objects in the proposed system can enhanced remarkably. The principle of the enhancement of the image depth is explained in detail and the experimental results are presented.
