Studies on Reduced Extent Method for Inhibited Thermokinetics Of Enzyme－Catalyzed Reaction──Inhibition of the laccase－catalyzed oxidation of o－dihydroxybenzene by m－dihydroxybenzene

The thermokinetic reduced extent equations of reversible inhibitions for Michaiels-Menten enzymatic reaction were deduced, and then the criteria for distingushing inhibition type was given and the methods for calculating kinetic parameters, KM,Ki and Urn were suggested. This theory was applied to inverstigate the inhibited thermokinetics of laccase-catalyzed oxidation of o-dihydroxybenzene by m-dihydroxybenzene. The experimental results show the inhibition belongs to reversible competitive type, KM=6.224×10-3 mol L-1, Ki=2. 363 × 10-2 mol. L-1.

Ultrathin Zincophilic Interphase Regulated Electric Double Layer Enabling Highly Stable Aqueous Zinc‑Ion Batteries

The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries for large-grid scale systems is still hindered by uncontrolled zinc dendrite and side reactions.Regulating the elec-trical double layer via the electrode/electrolyte interface layer is an effective strategy to improve the stability of Zn anodes.Herein,we report an ultrathin zincophilic ZnS layer as a model regu-lator.At a given cycling current,the cell with Zn@ZnS electrode displays a lower potential drop over the Helmholtz layer(stern layer)and a suppressed diffuse layer,indicating the regulated charge distribution and decreased electric double layer repulsion force.Boosted zinc adsorption sites are also expected as proved by the enhanced electric double-layer capacitance.Consequently,the symmetric cell with the ZnS protection layer can stably cycle for around 3,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2) with a lower overpotential of 25 mV.When coupled with an I2/AC cathode,the cell demonstrates a high rate performance of 160 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and long cycling stability of over 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).The Zn||MnO_(2) also sustains both high capacity and long cycling stability of 130 mAh g^(-1) after 1,200 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1).

Inhibiting effect of[HOEmim][BF_4]and[Amim]Cl ionic liquids on the cross-linking reaction of bituminous coal

In order to reduce the hazard of coal spontaneous combustion,the cross-linking reaction between O-containing functional groups of coal should be inhibited.So the inhibitory effect of an ionic liquid(IL) on the cross-linking reaction was studied.The O-containing functional groups change the weight loss and H_2O,CO_2,CO yields of bituminous coal before and after[H0Emim][BF_4]and[Amim]Cl pre-treatment and were detected by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT1R) and Thermo Gravimetric(TC) analysis.The results show that | AmimjCI has a weaker ability to inhibit the cross-linking reaction of bituminous coal compared to[HOEmim][BF_4].Besides,based on Quantum Chemistry calculation,it was found that the different inhibiting effects of |H0Emim][BF_4]and[Amim]Cl are greatly related to their anions and the H linked with C2 atom on the imidazole ring.The H-donor ability of coal will be enhanced by[HOEmim][BF_4]leading to a weaker cross-linking reaction of coal.

Electron beam surface heating-diffusion bonding:An effective joining method for aluminum alloy metal-matrix composite with high SiC volume

As a novel method to reduce the temperature during electron beam welding,and to subsequently inhibit interfacial reaction between SiC and Al matrix,the electron beam surface heating-diffusion bonding is proposed for joining SiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy metal-matrix composite of 45 vol.%SiC/2024 Al.The defocused electron beam was used to heat the base metal surface,and the simultaneous pressure was applied to the butt surface to achieve bonding.The base metals were successfully joined by diffusion.The maximum temperature of the whole joint was effectively decreased to less than 650°C.The Gibbs free energy change of interfacial reaction was calculated,meaning a positive value reaching 218 kJ/mol and a consequently prominent inhibitory effect on the formation of brittle Al_(4)C_(3)that was proved by microstructural observation.The tensile strength for the bonded joint was increased by 35%compared to that for ordinary welded joint.When the TC4 layer was added,TiC strengthening particles were formed with the deficiency of Al_(4)C_(3),corresponding to the significantly increased tensile strength of 63%of base metal(154 MPa).

Amorphous high-entropy phosphoxides for efficient overall alkaline water/seawater splitting

Designing and synthesizing cost-effective bifunctional catalysts for overall alkaline water/seawater splitting is still a huge challenge for hydrogen production.Herein,Co/Ni/Fe/Mn based-amorphous high-entropy phosphoxide self-standing electrode(CNFMPO)is synthesized by the facile and fast electrodeposition method.CNFMPO exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performances on alkaline water/seawater electrolysis.The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)overpotentials of CNFMPO in alkaline water/seawater are as low as 43/73 and 252/282 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),respectively.Additionally,two-electrode electrolyzers with CNFMPO||CNFMPO successfully achieve the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at low voltages of 1.54 and 1.56 V for overall alkaline water/seawater splitting,respectively.CNFMPO exhibits satisfactory long-term stability on overall alkaline water/seawater splitting for the surface reconstruction into active metal hydroxide/(oxy)hydroxide,phosphite,and phosphate.Moreover,no hypochlorite is detected during seawater electrolysis for the beneficial chlorite oxidation inhibition of the reconstructed phosphite and phosphate.The excellent catalytic performances of CNFMPO are due to the unique amorphous structure,multi-component synergistic effect,beneficial electronic structure modulation,and surface reconstruction during the catalytic reaction process.Therefore,CNFMPO has shown potential promotion to the development of the water/seawater splitting industry as a promising substituent for noble-metal electrocatalysts.This work provides new insights into the design of efficient bifunctional catalysts for overall water/seawater splitting.