Effects of temperature and initial molar ratio of Na_2O to Al_2O_3 on agglomeration of fine Al(OH)_3 seed in synthetic Bayer solution

Fine Al(OH)3 crystals were aggregated from supersaturated aluminate solution in the batch reaction tanks. By means of laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy, the influences of temperature and initial molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 (αK) on agglomeration of fine seed in Bayer process were investigated. The results show that agglomeration is almost finished in 8 h, and seeds with size less than 2 μm are easily aggregated together, and almost disappear in 8 h under the optimal process conditions. In the aluminate solution with the same moderate initial αK, when the reaction temperature reaches 75 ℃, the secondary nucleation does not occur, and the effect of agglomeration is better. And at the same reaction temperature, when the initial αK is 1.62, the initial supersaturation of aluminate solution is moderate, the binders on the surfaces of the seed are enough to maintain the agglomeration process, and the agglomeration degree is better. From SEM images, agglomeration mainly occurs in the fine particles, the combinations among the fine particles are loose and the new formed coarse crystal shapes are irregular.

Experimental research on the mixed sand ratio and initial dry density of weathered sand improved expansive soil free load swelling rate

In this paper, through the indoor free load swelling rate test, expansive soil in a section of a first- class highway reconstruction project in Yichang City was studied. It emphatically analyzed the interrelations among free load swelling rate, non-load time, the proportion of mixed sand and initial dry density. Experimen- tal studies have shown that： Free load swelling deformation is mainly divided into three stages of rapid expan- sion, slow expansion and final stability; when the initial dry density is constant, free load swelling rate of the weathered sand modified soil will reduce rapidly before they slow down with the increase of sand proportion, and weathered sand modified soil free load swelling rate is not sensitive to the large amount of sand mixed; in the same mixed sand ratio, weathered sand modified soil free load swelling rate increases rapidly with the in- crease of initial dry density, there is a good linear correlation between them. To take appropriate control of the initial dry density during the expansive soil subgrade construction helps to reduce its swelling deformation and ensures the stability of the embankment.

Effect of Initial Soluble Salt Composition of Saline Soil on Salinity Tolerance of Barley Plant

A pot experiment was carried out on a marine saline soil to study the effect of initial soluble Na/Ca ratio of saline soil on the salinity tolerance of barley plant.The results showed that (1) the Na/Ca ratio affected significantly the dry weight of the plant at an earlier stage of growth,the critical values of initial Na/Ca ratio at which the plant could grow normally on soils containing salts of 2.5,3.5 and 4.5g kg^-1 were 30,20 and 15,respectively;(2)smaller Na/Ca ratio resulted in a considerable decrease in Na accumulation but a great increase in K accumulation in the barley plant;and (3) the plasmallema of barley leaf were badly injured when the Na/Ca ratio was more than 30 and the increase of Na content of plant caused an exudation of K from the leaf cells.Some critical indexes were suggested for the cultivation of barley plant on marine saline soils and could be used as reference in the biological reclamation of marine saline soils.

Initial Stable State of Ocean Floor Deposits

Extensive oedometer tests and physical tests have been conducted on remolded and reconstituted marine soils with different initial water contents and liquid limits. The oedometer test data can be well fitted with a straight line in the bilogarithmic ln(1+ e ) ～ lg p plot. The initial effective stress corresponding to the initial void ratio is determined by extrapolation of the bilogarithmic compression line. This new way of extrapolating oedometer test data to the initial void ratio overcomes the difficulty of measuring the residual effective stress of soils in the remolded state. The initial stable compression line of ocean floor deposits under different deposition environments corresponds to the compression line at the sensitivity equal to one. This initial stable compression line obtained in this study is consistent with the available compression line at the sensitivity equal to one which is proposed based on the experimental data of remolded undrained strength and the theoretical concept of Cam clay critical state line.

Effect of Rotation, Magnetic Field and Initial Stresses on Propagation of Plane Waves in Transversely Isotropic Dissipative Half Space

The problem regarding the reflection of plane waves in a transversely isotropic dissipative medium is considered, in which we are studying about the reflection of incidence waves in initially stressed dissipative half space. After solving the governing equations, we find the two complex quasi-P (qP) and quasi-SV (qSV) waves. The occurrence of reflected waves is studied to calculate the reflection coefficient and the energy partition of incidence wave at the plane boundary of the dissipative medium. Numerical example is considered for the reflection coefficient and the partition of incident energy, in which we study about the effect of rotation, initial stresses and magnetic field.

Influence of the Woven Structure on the Initial Fracture Behavior of Roving Glass Fabric Reinforced Composites

In this paper, investigation on the initial fracture behavior was carried out on roving glass woven fabric reinforced composites which were manufactured by hand lay-up method. Two kinds of roving glass woven fabrics of different FAW (Fabric Area Weight) and crimp ratio, Type A of 570 g/m2 and Type B of 800 g/m2, were adopted as reinforcement in this study. Tensile test was conducted and tensile properties were discussed on specimens of 6 degrees 0°/5°/10°/80°/85°/90°. The initial fracture behavior was observed on 0 degree and 90 degree and the fracture mechanism was compared and discussed among 5°/10°/80°/85°. The results showed that Type B has higher tensile modulus and tensile strength than that of Type A. And different initial fracture behaviors between two kinds of materials was observed and analyzed, which indicated that the crimp ratio plays an important role of woven fabric reinforced composites in fracture mechanism.

考虑孔隙比影响的堆石料湿化试验及湿化模型

对某堆石坝的坝壳料进行了不同密实状态下的单线法三轴湿化试验,分析了湿化变形随围压、应力水平以及初始孔隙比的变化规律。结果表明:在围压和应力水平相同条件下,随着初始孔隙比的减小,堆石料湿化轴向应变和体积应变均明显降低;初始孔隙比对湿化应力剪胀规律影响不大,采用对数形式的湿化剪胀方程可对不同初始孔隙比条件下的湿化应力剪胀关系进行统一描述。对指数形式的湿化轴向应变经验模型进行修正,构建了考虑初始孔隙比及应力状态影响的湿化轴向应变计算模型,并联立湿化剪胀方程推导了湿化体积应变的计算公式,通过对三轴湿化试验结果进行模拟验证了该公式的合理性。

聚合条件对聚羧酸减水剂缓释行为的影响

以乙二醇单乙烯基聚乙二醇醚(EPEG)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为主要合成原料,以3-巯基丙酸为链转移剂,在双氧水/抗坏血酸氧化还原体系下,利用自由基聚合法合成缓释型聚羧酸减水剂,并系统研究了原料配比和溶剂反应条件对聚羧酸减水剂缓释行为的影响。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等对减水剂分子结构进行表征,对掺入不同减水剂的水泥净浆和砂浆进行性能测试。研究表明:在酸醚体积比为3∶1、醇水体积比为1∶2、酸酯体积比为3∶1时,合成的缓释型聚羧酸减水剂具备最佳性能,水泥浆体初始流动度大且具有良好的缓释效果。

NLR对初始治疗失败的社区获得性肺炎的预测价值及NGS在该疾病病原体中的应用

目的:评估中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对初始治疗失败的社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的预测价值,并探讨二代测序技术(NGS)在初始治疗失败的CAP病原体检测中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2023年1月~2024年1月188例在吉林省人民医院治疗的CAP患者。根据患者对初始治疗72 h后的反应,将患者分为初始治疗有效组(n=139)和初始治疗失败组(n=49),比较组间血常规、降钙素原(PCT)、NLR水平差异,并根据二分类Logistic回归法筛选出影响CAP患者发生初始治疗失败的危险因素。根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析NLR对初始治疗失败的CAP的预测价值,并与CURB-65评分进行比较。其中30例初始治疗失败的CAP患者同时行NGS和传统病原学检测,比较两种检测方法在病原体检测结果中的差异。结果:初始治疗失败组NLR、PCT、血白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEU)高于初始治疗有效组,淋巴细胞计数(LYM)低于初始治疗有效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);初始治疗失败组CURB-65评分高于初始治疗有效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归显示NLR是初始治疗失败的CAP的独立预测因素。ROC曲线分析显示,与经典指标CURB-65评分比较,NLR对初始治疗失败的CAP具有更高的预测价值[曲线下面积(AUC):0.746 vs 0.698,均P>0.05]。本研究中当NLR截断值为6.62时,敏感度为65.3%,特异度为77.7%。与传统检测方法比较,NGS检测病原微生物阳性率更高,差异有统计学意义(66.7%vs 33.3%,P<0.05),微生物检出种类更多(35 vs 14)。结论:NLR是CAP患者发生初始治疗失败的独立危险因素,具有较高的独立预测价值。NGS作为新型病原体检测技术,与传统检测方法相比具有较高的阳性率,为初始治疗失败的CAP提供了更加快速准确的病原体检测技术,不仅提高了患者的治愈率,而且改善患者的远期预后。

基于气泡统一方程的声场双气泡耦合作用研究

针对声致空化现象中双气泡相互作用力展开了研究。本文基于气泡动力学的基本理论,将气泡统一方程应用到声场中双气泡的耦合作用研究中,建立了可用于计算声场中多气泡耦合的理论模型,并以此研究了不同类型的声场中双气泡次Bjerknes力的变化趋势。研究结果表明:在声压幅值较小的行进波声场中,对于非线性脉动的双气泡,其相互作用现象不仅与声场参数相关,还会受到双气泡初始体积比的影响。若固定其中一个气泡的初始体积,同时改变另一个气泡的初始体积,则双气泡间第1周期内的次Bjerknes力会在初始体积相等时达到第1个极值,随后呈现周期性的起伏,并在总体上呈增大趋势;而双气泡相互作用在声压幅值较大的行进波声场中会随初始半径比的增大持续增强,且周期性的起伏现象并不明显。在驻波声场中靠近波节的位置也能观测到这一现象。此外,本文还探究了非线性振动的双气泡在具有相同频率、不同声压幅值的组合波声场中的耦合效应。本文的研究可为声场中双气泡相互耦合作用以及气泡群动力学相关应用提供理论基础。

底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩抗震性能数值仿真分析

为促进预制节段拼装桥墩在山区复杂环境及强震地区的应用,提出了一种底部填芯的预制节段拼装桥墩,采用ABAQUS有限元模型讨论了填芯段高度、初始张拉力和耗能钢筋配筋率等关键参数对底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩抗震性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着填芯段高度的增大,底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩的承载能力和耗能能力显著提高,但残余位移和填芯段上部接缝开口宽度也增大;随着初始张拉力的增大,底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩承载能力和耗能能力略有提高,残余位移和墩底混凝土损伤程度基本不变;随着耗能钢筋配筋率的增大,底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩承载能力和耗能能力提高,但填芯段上部接缝开口宽度增大。研究结果可为底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩合理构造提供参考,促进预制拼装桥墩在山区复杂环境和强震地区的应用。

微反应器制备过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯

基于微反应器的发展及其固有的安全特性,探讨了用微通道反应器制备对过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯工艺。研究了反应温度、物料配比、停留时间等对反应固含量和收率的影响,以及合成的最佳条件。结果表明,最佳反应条件为氢氧化钾∶异丙苯∶新癸酰氯(摩尔比)=1.30∶1.05∶1.00,玻璃模块反应温度50℃,碳化硅模块反应温度60℃,反应停留时间57 s,收率和固含量最佳,含固质量分数为86.14%,收率为92.46%。

Trace-Ratio问题的两种解法及其应用

线性判别分析(LDA)作为一种降维技术,已成功应用于许多分类问题中,如语音识别、人脸识别、信息提取等领域.许多降维问题最后都会归结为一个Trace-Ratio(迹比)问题,也就是通过寻找一个列规范正交矩阵X∈Rn×r(n≥r)能够使得比值tr(XTAX)/tr(XTBX)最大化,其中矩A∈Rn×n阵是对称的矩阵,矩阵B∈Rn×n是对称正定矩阵.迹比问题在线性判别分析以及一些其他应用中占有至关重要的地位.但是迹比问题没有解析形式的解.介绍了Foley-Sammon变换的背景和国内外发展现状.给出了求解迹比问题的两种方法:逐次解法和牛顿法.改进了构造逐次解的具体方法,并且给出了逐次解的数值估计;给出了牛顿法的具体算法和二阶收敛性的证明.实验表明若将逐次解作为初始迭代点代入牛顿法中可以大大减少牛顿法的迭代次数,提高牛顿法的迭代速度.

长江漫滩相软土动剪切模量与阻尼比特性试验研究

为探究长江漫滩相软土的动剪切模量和阻尼比变化特征,利用共振柱仪和循环三轴仪对原状的南京长江漫滩相软土开展系列试验研究,探讨不同固结条件下漫滩相软土最大动剪切模量G_(max)、动剪切模量比G/G_(max)和阻尼比λ的变化规律。试验结果表明:随初始有效围压、固结应力比和固结度增加,漫滩相软土在各应变范围内G均规律性增大,阻尼比λ均规律性减小;同时给出考虑初始静应力的G_(max)建议公式及不同固结度下G_(max)的折减系数,并通过与其他区域软土的对比发现,固结比对长江漫滩相软土的G_(max)影响程度较大;在Martin-Davidenkov模型中,不同固结条件对G/G_(max)-γ关系的拟合参数α、β无显著影响,但与拟合参数γ_(0)存在一定相关,并最终给出相关公式及参数值。

大空心率中空夹层钢管混凝土构件的抗撞性能研究

大空心率中空夹层钢管混凝土构件的抗撞击性能有其自身特点,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立考虑初始几何缺陷的中空夹层钢管混凝土构件的侧向撞击模型,对比了不同初始几何缺陷组合下空心率范围为0.2~0.9构件的抗撞击性能;在此基础上讨论了初始几何缺陷对空心率为0.8构件撞击响应的影响,并对影响大空心率构件撞击响应的主要参数进行分析;最后基于参数分析结果和静态荷载作用下的荷载-局部压痕关系,给出大空心率中空夹层钢管混凝土构件在侧向撞击荷载作用下撞击力-局部变形简化预测公式。结果表明:与无几何缺陷构件相比,考虑初始几何缺陷时构件的撞击力平台值降低,局部变形增大,当空心率达到0.8时,几何缺陷的不利影响最显著,构件的撞击力平台值下降10.6%,跨中局部变形增大20.4%。提高名义含钢率和减小内钢管径厚比可有效减小初始几何缺陷对该类构件抗撞击性能的不利影响,而改变材料强度对该类构件抗撞性能影响相对较小。给出的简化计算公式可以较好地预测有无初始几何缺陷的大空心率构件在侧向撞击荷载下的撞击力-局部变形曲线。

掺粉煤灰混凝土绝热温升速率特征及模型研究

绝热温升速率是影响混凝土绝热温升的关键因素,通过对3种初始温度、5个水胶比的35%掺量粉煤灰混凝土开展绝热温升室内模型试验,研究初始温度和水胶比对绝热温升及绝热温升速率曲线的影响规律,提出绝热温升速率加速期、减速期和衰速期三阶段的划分标准,建立考虑水胶比、初始温度的粉煤灰混凝土绝热温升速率三阶段模型,可以预测各个龄期的绝热温升速率,对大体积混凝土温控具有一定的参考价值。

综采面回采速度对基本顶初次断裂失稳的影响规律

工作面推进速度会影响顶板岩层的应力分布状态与断裂结构,进而影响顶板系统的稳定以及工作面矿压。首先,采用理论分析和现场实测的方法,分别建立了顶板力学模型和采场支架力学模型;其次,分析了推进速度对基本顶初次断裂极限跨距、三铰拱结构中临界滑落失稳系数和临界回转失稳系数的影响,揭示了推进速度对工作面支架阻力的影响规律;最后,结合神东矿区部分综采工作面来压步距和支架工作阻力,验证本模型的可靠性。研究结果表明:在仅考虑厚跨比影响下,当厚跨比为0.67时,固支梁最大位移的位置由两端顶部向中部底端转变;当厚跨比由0.67减少至0.50时,固支梁最大位移由2.04 mm迅速增加至3.29 mm,基本顶易发生断裂失稳;随着推进速度增加,临界滑落失稳系数呈对数降低,而基本顶初次断裂极限跨距和临界回转失稳系数均呈对数增加;滑落失稳对支架产生的附加静载随推进速度增加而减小,表明增加推进速度可有效减少滑落失稳对支架产生的附加静载,从而减少工作面初次来压时压架事故的发生概率。

粗粒料静止侧压力系数及其变形特性试验

土体的静止侧压力系数K_0是其重要的力学参数之一,合理地确定土体的K_0系数对土工结构应力变形的准确计算有重要的理论意义与实用价值。然而,准确测量土体的K_0系数并不容易,对粗颗粒土则更加困难。目前,能研究粗颗粒土K_0的试验仪器极少,对K_0系数的研究成果相应地也很少,而关于粗颗粒土在不同初始孔隙比下K_0系数的变化规律的研究几乎空白。为研究粗颗粒土的静止侧压力系数在不同初始孔隙比下的变化规律,研制了一种新型K_0试验仪。该仪器既能用于测定粗颗粒土的K_0系数,也可用于一般黏土或砂土K_0的测定,且可用于高应力条件下。对某级配粗粒料进行了不同初始孔隙比状态下的K_0压缩试验。试验粗颗粒土的母岩为似斑花岗岩,颗粒粒径范围<20 mm。试样高度为8 cm,直径为10 cm,初始孔隙比为0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6,试验最大竖向压力为3.7 MPa。结果表明:当对试验粗粒料在K_0状态下加载时,侧向应力与竖向应力之间呈现较好的线性关系,K_0为常数。初始孔隙比为0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6时,K_0的范围为0.30~0.45,孔隙比对K_0系数的影响显著;粗粒料的静止侧压力系数随着初始孔隙比的增加而增加,且两者之间近似呈直线关系;不同初始孔隙比条件下,试样的体积应变与平均正应力(或竖向应力)之间可用幂函数拟合;提出能够反映不同初始孔隙比的粗粒料K_0条件下的应力应变关系经验公式。

基于多级结构特性的航空无刷同步起动/发电机转子初始位置估算

由于航空无刷同步起动/发电机(aircraft brushless synchronous starter/generator,ABSSG)起动阶段凸极率可变,在不使用位置传感器时较难获得精确的转子位置。为了提高估算精度,该文利用主电机定转子间互感随转子位置变化而变化的特点,提出一种基于多级结构特性的ABSSG转子初始位置估算方法。考虑到ABSSG无刷化特性,在主电机定子施加电压信号后,通过提取励磁机定子绕组中的响应信号来估算转子位置。所提方法分为两步:首先,向主电机定子绕组注入高频信号,估算不含象限信息的初始转子位置;其次,注入低频信号确定转子位置象限信息。在所提方法中,通过对励磁机定子电流进行傅里叶分析获取高频注入信号的最佳注入频率。最后,通过实验验证该文所提方法的可行性与有效性。

大型薄壁钢管桩支架屈曲失稳研究

薄壁钢管桩支架是大跨度渡槽等工程施工中常用的临时支撑结构,因其长细比较大,压杆稳定问题较为突出,因此准确计算其结构安全系数是设计中的关键。为研究应力集中对薄壁钢管桩支架屈曲失稳的影响,结合某大型渡槽工程,同时采用梁单元和壳单元建立钢管桩支架模型,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对比分析了不同径厚比和支架高度下钢管桩支架的屈曲临界荷载。结果表明,两种模型下钢管桩支架的屈曲失稳模态存在明显差异,梁单元因无法较好地反应局部应力特征,得到的结构安全系数偏大,计算结果偏危险。对于薄壁钢管桩支架,两种模型下屈曲临界荷载的相对差值与径厚比和初始缺陷成正相关。当钢管径厚比大于20时,两者之间的相对差值大于11.4%,实际工程中建议采用壳单元进行稳定验算。