We investigate the free energy relation for a system contacting with a non-Markovian heat bath and find that the validity of the relation sensitively depends on the non-Markovian memory effect, which is especially rel...We investigate the free energy relation for a system contacting with a non-Markovian heat bath and find that the validity of the relation sensitively depends on the non-Markovian memory effect, which is especially related go the initial preparation effect. This memory effect drives the statistical distribution of the system out of the initial preparation, even if the system starts from an equilibrium state. This leads to the violation of the free energy relation. A possible way of eliminating this memory effect is proposed.展开更多
Three new Pd-pyridine enlianced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation(PEPPSI)complexes with halogen groups on the N-heterocyclic carbene and pyridine were prepared.Tlieir structures have been clearly ch...Three new Pd-pyridine enlianced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation(PEPPSI)complexes with halogen groups on the N-heterocyclic carbene and pyridine were prepared.Tlieir structures have been clearly characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal di fraction.The e fleets of the electronic properties of halogen groups on the catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl chlo-rides were investigated.These Pd-PEPPSI complexes could catalyze the cross-coupling reaction efficiently with a low catalyst loading(0.05%,molar ratio)at room temperature and the products were obtained in high yields.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10875011 and 11075016)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB814805)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No. 201001)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20100003110007)
文摘We investigate the free energy relation for a system contacting with a non-Markovian heat bath and find that the validity of the relation sensitively depends on the non-Markovian memory effect, which is especially related go the initial preparation effect. This memory effect drives the statistical distribution of the system out of the initial preparation, even if the system starts from an equilibrium state. This leads to the violation of the free energy relation. A possible way of eliminating this memory effect is proposed.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China(No.16JCYBJC 19700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21771138)the Foundation of Development Program of Future Expert in Tianjin Normal University,China(No.WLQR201704).
文摘Three new Pd-pyridine enlianced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation(PEPPSI)complexes with halogen groups on the N-heterocyclic carbene and pyridine were prepared.Tlieir structures have been clearly characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal di fraction.The e fleets of the electronic properties of halogen groups on the catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl chlo-rides were investigated.These Pd-PEPPSI complexes could catalyze the cross-coupling reaction efficiently with a low catalyst loading(0.05%,molar ratio)at room temperature and the products were obtained in high yields.
