Optimization of the Algorithm for Increasing Injection Rate in Water Injection Wells for Pressure Optimization in P Oilfield

In today’s society, with the continuous growth of energy demand, Bohai Oilfield, as an important offshore oil resource base in China, is facing increasingly severe challenges while contributing to national energy security. In order to improve the quality of water injection in the oilfield and gradually achieve efficient and stable production, Bohai Oilfield has launched a water injection well pressure optimization project, focusing on improving the efficiency and quality of water injection in the water injection wells, in order to achieve the optimal water injection plan. In practical work, P Oilfield continues to promote the development of water injection well pressure optimization projects, emphasizing practical exploration and continuous optimization of work plans. However, during the project implementation process, there were some problems, one of which was that the statistics of cumulative injection volume were not scientific enough, resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate presentation of the actual results of pressure optimization work. In the context of continuous improvement work, after careful analysis and research, P Oilfield has decided to optimize the cumulative injection rate algorithm to guide the oilfield’s water injection work in a more refined way, ensuring sufficient and good water injection, and enhancing the oilfield’s production efficiency and comprehensive competitiveness.

Study on Seismicity Triggered by Water Injection in Mine Wells in Zigong Using ETAS Model

In order to reveal the relationship between water injection in mine wells in the Zigong area and seismicity,we divide the historical earthquakes of ML≥1. 2 into 3 phases according to seismicity behavior,and the ETAS model parameters are then inversed by the POWELL method. The results show that phase 1 and 2,in which there is no water injection,have moderate-to-low ratio of background earthquakes ( 40% ～ 50%),and aftershocks are relatively less for a single earthquake sequence. In phase 3,where there is water injection, the aftershocks triggered by foreshocks dominate (93. 1%),and background earthquakes amount only to 6. 9%,less than those of phase 1 and 2. The results conflict with the existing cognition. To resolve this problem,we propose that the occurrence ratio of background earthquakes in unit time,that is,the μ value in ETAS model is used as an indicator of water injection triggered earthquakes. Compared to the first two phases,phase 3 has the largest μ value,which illustrates that the water injection has an obvious triggering effect on earthquakes of this region.

Three-dimensional physical simulation and optimization of water injection of a multi-well fractured-vuggy unit

With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

TWO－PHASE FLOW FOR A HORIZONTAL WELL PENETRATING A NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIR WITH EDGE WATER INJECTION

This paper examines the two-phase flow for a horizontal well penetrating a naturally fractured reservoir with edge water injection by means of a fixed streamlinemodel,The mathematical model of the verical two-dimensional flow or oil-water for a horizontal well in a medium with double-porosity is established ,and whose accuratesolutions are obtained by using the characteristic method .The saturation distributionsin the fractured system and the matrix system as well as the formula of the time of water free production are presented .All these results provide a theoretical basis and a computing method for oil displacement by edge water from naturally fracturedreservirs.

Stable Production Technology for Horizontal Well Development in Shallow Water Delta Oilfield of Bohai Bay, China

BZ Oilfield is a medium-sized oilfield with shallow delta facies deposits in Bohai Bay of China,compared with fluvial and delta facies oilfields,there is no mature experience for reference of reservoir configuration,well pattern arrangement and development model in offshore oilfields in China.In view of the difficulty in describing the reservoir configuration of shallow water delta,the single distributary sand dam in shallow water delta is characterized by well-seismic combination and multi-attribute constraints.The mathematical mechanism model of pinch-out position of sand body is established,fine characterization of BZ shallow water delta reservoir is put forward.The horizontal well pattern arrangement type for shallow water delta reservoir is proposed and the method of well pattern optimization based on vertical displacement theory is put forward.A method of inversion of reservoir connectivity using production dynamic data by numerical well testing is proposed and a new method for optimizing water injection rate in water injection wells is proposed aiming at the difficulty of recognizing injection-production connectivity of shallow water delta reservoirs.The fine configuration of BZ shallow water delta reservoir based on distributary sand dam is proposed,which guides the recognition of remaining oil distribution law.By deploying adjustment wells,the water flooding coincidence degree of actual drilling is 86% compared with that of pre-drilling prediction,which indicates that the research results of reservoir configuration can effectively guide the understanding of oilfield geology.Through the theoretical well arrangement type of vertical displacement of single sand body in horizontal wells of shallow water delta reservoir,a high water flooding recovery rate of 35% is achieved in primary well pattern.The connectivity coefficients of injection-production boundary of shallow water delta reservoir configuration are calculated,and the water injection distribution coefficients are obtained by normalizing the directional coefficients.This paper presents a configuration method based on multi-attribute fusion under the constraints of sedimentary process.In this paper,a shallow water delta reservoir configuration method based on multi-attribute fusion constrained by sedimentary process is proposed,and the injection-production connectivity coefficient and injection well distribution coefficient of the configuration boundary are calculated.

延迟成胶弹性硅酸凝胶堵水剂及其性能研究

针对现有硅酸凝胶堵水剂普遍存在成胶时间短、成胶后脆性大的问题,结合L油田油藏条件,通过考察活化剂类型及用量,弹性改善剂类型及用量,以及水玻璃用量对成胶时间和弹性模量的影响,得出了一种延迟成胶弹性硅酸凝胶堵水剂。其配方为:6%水玻璃+0.85%活化剂三元弱酸一铵GL-1+0.1%弹性改善剂正电胶,该配方在油藏温度65℃下,成胶强度达到E级的时间为72 h,成胶后的弹性模量为589.46 Pa。采用填砂管实验评价了堵水剂的注入性及封堵性,结果表明堵水剂在L油田中具有良好的注入性及封堵性,在渗透率为1168.06×10^(-3)~5061.57×10^(-3)μm^(2)的填砂管中,注入0.8 PV的最高注入压力仅有0.72 MPa,封堵率均>96%。该堵水剂可用于L油田的油井堵水。

压裂水平缝水平井邻井注水补充地层能量机理研究

文章针对浅层低渗透油藏压裂水平缝水平井开发过程种出现的产量递减快,能量补充技术缺乏,水窜治理技术欠缺的问题,开展实施邻井注水补充能量的可行性分析与设计优化研究。首先对目标油藏目前实施的水平井邻井注水补充能量实例的实施情况与效果及存在问题进行剖析,然后综合油藏工程与数值模拟技术对邻井注水补能过程中的关键因素及其作用规律进行了研究;最后确定了该技术实施的原则与技术政策。

大庆油田调整井固井技术研究

大庆油田经过多年的调整开发,受地层非均质性、井网加密、动态注采开发等影响,已改变了原始井下环境。针对大庆油田异常高压层油水侵、高渗低压层界面胶结质量差两方面难题,以“地质先行,一井一策”为指导思想,开展了钻井地质、水泥浆体系、固井工具等技术攻关,形成注水开采油田调整井固井配套技术。现场应用取得了良好效果,为大庆油田原油产能建设提供井筒保障。

油田注水泵涂膜措施应用分析

针对油田注水泵长时间运行后泵体内部过流组件表面出现坑点和裂纹,泵内叶轮腐蚀、气蚀严重,泵效下降、单耗上升等问题,现场应用注水泵涂膜技术。通过在离心泵叶轮等过流部位涂覆优质涂料,提高泵内流道的光滑度,减小泵的水力损失,维持注水泵安全高效的运行。对三种涂膜技术进行对比,最后选定贝尔佐纳双组份1341修补剂。涂膜后的注水泵平均泵效上升2.28个百分点,平均注水单耗降低0.22kWh/m^(3),措施后的注水泵均达到了有益效果,解决了注水泵长期运行所引起的泵效下降、单耗上升的问题,节能效果明显,现场涂膜的4台注水泵年可节约电量275.6×10^(4)kWh,年节约电费194.05万元,具有良好的节电效果,经济效益显著,具有推广价值。

桥式同心配水器结构优化及其在南堡油田的应用

南堡油田注水开发已处于油藏中后期,为满足油藏“注上水、注够水”的开发需求,大斜度井分注需求逐年增加。此前,大斜度井采用同心分层注水工艺技术后,存在调不动和漏失量大等问题。针对同心配水器存在的问题,对水嘴形状和结构进行优化改进,开展模拟测试并应用于矿场试验。该技术已在油田58口井上成功应用,应用井的最大井斜62.08°,施工成功率100%,初次测调成功率100%,测调效率提升2倍。

油藏型储气库库容影响因素及其变化规律研究

针对目前中、低含水饱和度对自由气库容量影响的研究较少的问题,开展室内实验模拟了多次注气-焖井-采气实验,并根据相似原理,利用实验数据建立了自由气库容量与初始含水饱和度、注采次数的量化表征模型。结果表明,自由气库容量随注采次数的增多而增大,但单次注采后的增幅快速降低;含水饱和度(初始含水饱和大于50%)的提高有利于油藏改建储气库,但是建库初期的注采能力和库容提高相对缓慢;当初始含水饱和度由50%提高到85%时,经过6次注采后,含气饱和度降低幅度约9.27%,而当注采次数分别增至20、30、50时,自由气库容量增加幅度分别为0.51%、3.34%、6.61%。研究结果可为油藏型储气库的注采能力及库容评价提供借鉴。

井下油水分离装置现状与展望

油田进入开发中后期,采出液含水率急剧上升,如何降低含水率并提高采收率是开发后期需要解决的首要问题。井下油水分离技术利用水力旋流技术、重力分离技术或其他油水分离工艺实现在井下对采出液进行预分离,从而采出较低含水率的油水混合液,此项技术对于高含水油田具有很大应用前景。通过对井下油水分离装置的研究现状进行简要分析与总结,并指出目前井下油水分离装置存在的问题与挑战,同时做出展望,为其发展提供一定的参考。

江苏油田复杂小断块高含水油藏注采井网优化技术

江苏油田复杂小断块油藏经过长期的注水开发后,目前处于中高含水开发期。现阶段储层非均质性对注采井网的影响更加突出,局部存在低效无效注水循环问题,亟需优化调整注采井网。根据非均质油藏剩余油富集类型和影响因素,在原井网基础上,利用油藏数值模拟方法,开展相控条件下的注采井网优化技术政策研究。根据模拟结果,确立了抽稀井网和转注高含水油井两种注采井网优化技术的政策界限,指导陈2断块、韦2断块注采井网优化调整,取得了良好的应用效果,为改善高含水油藏水驱开发效果提供了技术支撑。

旋流式井下二次油水分离同井注采技术适用性分析

针对含水率已达99%、超过经济开采极限的采油井,为进一步降低地面产出液量,在旋流式井下一次油水分离同井注采技术基础上,通过采用井下水力旋流器串联的方式,将采出液在井下再浓缩,形成旋流式井下二次油水分离同井注采技术。室内实验表明,两个水力旋流器串联后,分流比在15%~45%时,最大分离效率达到98.5%。通过现场试验,验证了旋流式井下二次油水分离同井注采技术的可行性,可将地面日产液量降幅提高至85%以上,实现了因特高含水关停的井组再利用,提高了油井采收率,为特高含水油田后期经济、有效开发探索一种新的模式。

渤海JZ-X油田气顶窄油环油藏井位优化和挖潜策略

针对气顶底水窄油环油藏易气窜水锥、剩余油分布复杂的生产难题,在渤海矿区逐渐探索出利用水平井开发的井位优化与挖潜策略。基础井网阶段:水平井段垂直构造线穿多层来提高储量动用程度,并匹配智能滑套分采管柱以缓解层间矛盾;基础井网平行于流体界面,部署于油水界面之上1/3油柱高度避气控水。综合调整阶段:通过油藏数值模拟研究,油田开发进入中—后期,剩余油平面上主要富集于井间滞留区,纵向上后期水体能量驱动逐渐发挥主要作用,剩余油主要富集于油层上部。对比井间侧钻、气顶注气和屏障注水方案增油量指标,当前剩余油挖潜策略以井间侧钻与气顶注气为主。井间侧钻通过低产低效井平面侧钻至井间,纵向高部位部署挖潜剩余油,单井净增油量为3.4×10^(4)~4.2×10^(4)m^(3);气顶注气通过采气井转天然气回注,补充气顶能量,气驱水平井上部剩余油,提高原油采收率,预测净增油量为5.2×10^(4)m^(3)。

水淹水窜油藏的数值模拟开发方案对比分析

随着开发的深入,大多数油田已经进入高含水阶段。以新疆某水淹水窜油藏为研究对象,该区水淹严重,开发效果差。针对上述问题,利用油藏数值模拟手段,对改善开发效果的4种技术方案进行研究。研究结果表明,深层调剖方案增产效果明显,可有效提高日产油量、降低含水率;浅层调剖方案作用范围、受效时间有限,措施效果较差;井网调整方案含水率明显下降,产油量上升,增油效果介于深层调剖与浅层调剖之间;周期注水增油效果最差,呈负增长趋势。经方案对比分析,建议对研究区水窜严重的井实施深层调剖。该研究为同类水淹水窜油藏改善开发效果提供了重要理论指导和借鉴。

闭式注水油藏自分散型耐高温高盐调驱剂

南海东部高温高盐油藏闭式注水井无地面注水流程,常规调驱剂无法在地面混配后注入地层,且由于自分散性差,难以直接注入地层。以南海东部A油田为目标,从快速自分散和耐高温高盐两个角度出发,以2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)含量为40%的耐温耐盐聚合物为基础,辅以多酚类复合交联剂、多支链醇聚醚类分散剂等,通过反应成胶、机械研磨,制得自分散型耐高温高盐调驱剂。采用激光粒度仪、电子显微镜、动态光散射仪等,对调驱剂的粒径、微观形貌和表面电性进行了表征,评价了调驱剂的自分散性能、注入性能和剖面调整性能,并在南海东部A油田X井组进行了现场应用。结果表明,自分散型耐高温高盐调驱剂呈球形,初始粒径D50(粒径中值)为1.09~11.63μm,通过调整配方、研磨条件或加热时间可调节调驱剂的粒径。调驱剂颗粒表面呈负电,Zeta电位值为-19.30~-26.1 mV。与常规油分散型颗粒调驱剂相比,该调驱剂自分散性好,遇水后能快速均匀分散,在注入水中的自分散率为90.0%,岩心注入压力仅为油分散型颗粒调驱剂的53.13%。调驱后,高渗透岩心的分流量由92.6%降至20.5%,低渗透岩心的分流量由7.4%增至79.5%,吸水剖面明显“反转”。现场实施效果良好,调驱剂施工爬坡压力为0.5 MPa,施工后最高日增油106 m3,阶段增油8900 m3。该调驱剂满足目标油田高温高盐条件,注入性好,增油效果明显,适合闭式注水油藏调驱。

压裂水平缝水平井注水吞吐补充地层能量参数设计

针对延长油田压裂水平缝水平井地层压力逐渐降低、能量供给不足等特点,文章对注水吞吐补充地层能量方式的参数敏感性进行了分析,研究表明,不同注入速度影响地层压力恢复速度,但对注水吞吐效果的影响较小;累积注入量并非越高越好,注入量偏低时可能注水蓄能补充能量不足,但注入量过高时,可能会造成重新开井含水率过高或沿着压裂裂缝造成邻井水淹;闷井后油藏中存在地层压力降低、再平衡的过程,因此建议闷井时间15~30d。在此基础上提出了注水吞吐选井方法,对两口水平井现场实施参数进行了设计。