Numerical Study on the Effects of Contraction Ratio in a Two-Phase Flow Injection Nozzle

The Euler-Euler numerical method was used to investigate the effects of contraction ratio on twophase flow mixing with mass transfer in the flow injection nozzle. The geometric shape of the nozzle was modified to improve carbonation efficiency. A gas inlet hole was created to increase the flow mixing of CO2 with water. A nozzle throat was also introduced to increase the gas dissolution by increasing flow rates. Various contraction ratios of nozzle throat, inlet gas and liquid velocities, and gas bubble sizes were employed to determine their effects on gas hold-up, gas concentration, and mass transfer coefficient. Results revealed that the flow injection nozzle with high contraction ratios improved carbonation because of high gas hold-up. Gas concentration was directly related to contraction ratio and gas flow velocities. Carbonation reduced when high liquid velocities and large gas bubbles were employed because of inefficient flow mixing. This study indicated that flow injection nozzle with large contraction ratios were suitable for carbonation because of their ability to increase gas hold-up, gas concentration, and mass transfer coefficient.

Slim Water Injection Nozzle for Silicon Wafer Wet Cleaning Bath

In order to effectively and quickly clean the surface of semiconductor silicon wafers, the fluid flow is one of the significant issues. For a batch-type silicon wafer wet cleaning bath, a slim water injection nozzle consisting of a dual tube was studied, based on theoretical calculations and experiments. A thin inner tube was placed at the optimum position in the water injection nozzle. Such a simple design could make the water injection direction normal and the water velocity profile symmetrical along the nozzle. The water flow in the wet cleaning bath was observed using a blue-colored ink tracer. When the nozzle developed in this study was placed at the bottom of the bath, a fast and symmetrical upward water stream was formed between and around the wafers.

Effects of the geometrical parameters of the injection nozzle on ethylene-air continuous rotating detonation

Compared with traditional isobaric combustion,continuous rotating detonation(CRD)has been theoretically proved to be a more efficient combustion mode with higher thermal cycle efficiency.However,the realization and stable operating of liquid kerosene detonation is still a challenge.As a major component of kerosene pyrolysis products after regenerative cooling,ethylene is a transitional hydrocarbon fuel from kerosene to hydrogen and it is worth studying.In this paper,a series of 2 D numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of the injection nozzle on the ethylene-air CRD.Three geometrical parameters of the nozzle are thoroughly tested including the distance between two neighboring nozzle centers,the nozzle exit width,and the slant angle of the nozzle.The results show that an ethylene-air detonation wave is realized and it propagates stably.A small distance between two neighboring nozzle centers is conducive to improving the strength of the CRD wave and leads to greater feedback pressure into the plenum.As the nozzle exit width increases,the strength of the CRD wave and the feedback pressure into the plenum both increase.The CRD wave propagation velocity is greatly improved and the feedback pressure into the plenum is significantly reduced when the slant angle of the nozzle is positive.By contrast,a sizeable reduction in velocity is found when the angle is negative.The co-rotating two-wave propagation mode is observed when the angle is 30°,and the highest CRD propagation velocity and the lowest feedback pressure are both obtained when the angle is 60°.

Characterization and life prediction of single-pass honing tool for fuel injection nozzle

Single-pass honing is an important machining method for finish machining of holes,which can meet the requirement for high efficiency and consistency of holes.Characterization and life prediction of single-pass honing tool are necessary to improve the machining accuracy of holes honed,especially dimension accuracy.Single-pass honing tool is a single layer abrasive tool with fixed dimension,which still remains problematic for characterization and life prediction.For fuel injection nozzles with bore diameter under 1 mm,the stiffness of the single-pass honing tool is poor.This article presents a novel analytical model that predicts life of the tool with poor stiffness.Firstly,according to the bore diameter and dimension tolerance,the single-pass honing tool is designed and manufactured.Based on the prepared single-pass honing tool,the measurement and characterization methods are established.Furthermore,the tool wear tests are carried out,and the tool contour evolution model is established to predict the tool life.

Modeling and computation of the cavitating flow in injection nozzle holes

Cavitating flows inside a diesel injection nozzle hole were simulated using a mixture model.A two-dimensional(2D)numerical model is proposed in this paper to simulate steady cavitating flows.The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved for the liquid and vapor mixture,which is considered as a single fluid with variable density and expressed as a function of the vapor volume fraction.The closure of this variable is provided by the transport equation with a source term Transport-equation based methods(TEM).The processes of evaporation and condensation are governed by changes in pressure within the flow.The source term is implanted in the CFD code ANSYS CFX.The influence of numerical and physical parameters is presented in detail.The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data for steady flow.