Thermo-Economic Performance of Geothermal Driven High-Temperature Flash Tank Vapor Injection Heat Pump System:A Comparison Study

Process heating constitutes a significant share of final energy consumption in the industrial sector around the world.In this paper,a high-temperature heat pump(HTHP)using flash tank vapor injection technology(FTVI)is proposed to develop low-temperature geothermal source for industrial process heating with temperature above 100°C.With heat sink output temperatures between 120°C and 150°C,the thermo-economic performance of the FTVI HTHP system using R1234ze(Z)as refrigerant is analyzed and also compared to the single-stage vapor compression(SSVC)system by employing the developed mathematical model.The coefficient of performance(COP),exergy efficiency(ηexe),net present value(NPV)and payback period(PBP)are used as performance indicators.The results show that under the typical working conditions,the COP andηexe of FTVI HTHP system are 3.00 and 59.66%,respectively,and the corresponding NPV and PBP reach 8.13×106 CNY and 4.13 years,respectively.Under the high-temperature heating conditions,the thermo-economic performance of the FTVI HTHP system is significantly better than that of the SSVC system,and the larger the temperature lift,the greater the thermo-economic advantage of the FTVI HTHP system.Additionally,the FTVI HTHP system is more capable than the SSVC system in absorbing the financial risks associated with changes of electricity price and natural gas price.

Aluminum phosphate gel reduces early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastric variceal bleeding treated with histoacryl injection therapy

BACKGROUND Esophageal-gastro varices bleeding(EGVB)is the most widely known cause of mortality in individuals with cirrhosis,with an occurrence rate of 5%to 15%.Among them,gastric varices bleeding(GVB)is less frequent than esophageal varices bleeding(EVB),but the former is a more critical illness and has a higher mortality rate.At present,endoscopic variceal histoacryl injection therapy(EVHT)is safe and effective,and it has been recommended by relevant guidelines as the primary method for the treatment of GVB.However,gastric varices after endoscopic treatment still have a high rate of early rebleeding,which is mainly related to complications of its treatment,such as bleeding from drained ulcers,rebleeding of varices etc.Therefore,preventing early postoperative rebleeding is very important to improve the quality of patient survival and outcomes.AIM To assess the efficacy of aluminium phosphate gel(APG)combined with proton pump inhibitor(PPI)in preventing early rebleeding after EVHT in individuals with GVB.METHODS Medical history of 196 individuals with GVB was obtained who were diagnosed using endoscopy and treated with EVHT in Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021.Based on the selection criteria,101 patients were sorted into the PPI alone treatment group,and 95 patients were sorted into the PPI combined with the APG treatment group.The incidences of early rebleeding and corresponding complications within 6 wk after treatment were compared between both groups.Statistical methods were performed by two-sample t-test,Wilcoxon rank sum test andχ2 test.RESULTS No major variations were noted between the individuals of the two groups in terms of age,gender,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score,coagulation function,serum albumin,hemoglobin,type of gastric varices,the dose of tissue glue injection and EV that needed to be treated simultaneously.The early rebleeding rate in PPI+APG group was 3.16%(3/95),which was much lower than that in the PPI group(12.87%,13/101)(P=0.013).Causes of early rebleeding:the incidence of gastric ulcer bleeding in the PPI+APG group was 2.11%(2/95),which was reduced in comparison to that in the PPI group(11.88%,12/101)(P=0.008);the incidence of venous bleeding in PPI+APG group and PPI group was 1.05%(1/95)and 0.99%(1/101),respectively,and there was no significant difference between them(0.999).The early mortality rate was 0 in both groups within 6 wk after the operation,and the low mortality rate was related to the timely hospitalization and active treatment of all patients with rebleeding.The overall incidence of complications in the PPI+APG group was 12.63%(12/95),which was not significantly different from 13.86%(14/101)in the PPI group(P=0.800).of abdominal pain in the PPI+APG group was 3.16%(3/95),which was lower than that in the PPI group(11.88%,12/101)(P=0.022).However,due to aluminum phosphate gel usage,the incidence of constipation in the PPI+APG group was 9.47%(9/95),which was higher than that in the PPI group(1.98%,2/101)(P=0.023),but the health of the patients could be improved by increasing drinking water or oral lactulose.No patients in either group developed spontaneous peritonitis after taking PPI,and none developed hepatic encephalopathy and ectopic embolism within 6 wk of EVHT treatment.CONCLUSION PPI combined with APG can significantly reduce the incidence of early rebleeding and postoperative abdominal pain in cirrhotic patients with GVB after taking EVHT.

IMPROVE THE KINETIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PUMP CONTROLLED CLAMPING UNIT IN PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE WITH ADAPTIVE CONTROL STRATEGY

The kinetic characteristics of the clamping unit of plastic injection molding machine that is controlled by close loop with newly developed double speed variable pump unit are investigated. Considering the wide variation of the cylinder equivalent mass caused by the transmission ratio of clamping unit and the severe instantaneous impact force acted on the cylinder during the mold closing and opening process, an adaptive control principle of parameter and structure is proposed to improve its kinetic performance. The adaptive correlation between the acceleration feedback gain and the variable mass is derived. The pressure differential feedback is introduced to improve the dynamic performance in the case of small inertia and heavy impact load. The adaptation of sum pressure to load is used to reduce the energy loss of the system. The research results are verified by the simulation and experiment, The investigation method and the conclusions are also suitable for the differential cylinder system controlled by the traditional servo pump unit.

Simulation of Air Source Heat Pump with Refrigerant Injection for Heating Operation

An air source heat pump(ASHP)with refrigerant injection is proposed for the air conditioning system of electric vehicles(EVs),especially for efficient heating in cold winter,when there is no wasted heat of engines.The simulation model is built with the framework of two-phase fluid network,where the compressor is separated as two compressors and the economizer is treated as two heat exchangers in the injection path and the main refrigerant path.With the validated simulation model,the heating performance is analyzed,and the results show that the coefficient of performance(COP)of ASHP with refrigerant injection is higher than 1.4 and the discharge temperature is less than 100℃ when the outdoor temperature is-20℃.The above performance ensures that the air conditioning system and EVs can operate normally with high efficiency even in the cold winter,which is much helpful for the practicability of EVs.

Development and Application of a Surface High-pressure Injection Device Using a Submersible Electric Pump

Injection recovery is an important measure for increasing the oil recovery rate of an oil field. One way is that centrifugal pumps or plunger pumps are used in an injection station to responsible for injection over a large area under the same pressure. This method is ineffective for low-permeability layers. For the oilfields in dispersed distribution in the marginal areas of Daqing, the low water-absorbing section needs an injection with a high delivery pressure and a low discharge capacity; another way is to install the submersible electric pump upside down, but because the submersible electric pump and the motor are underground, it is difficult for installation and maintenance. Introduced in this paper is the development and application of a surface high-pressure injection device with a submersible electric pump. Bysuccessful resolving some problems, such as the axial force of the submersible electric pump, sealing, level regulation of the pump, coaxiality and vibration, the device has the good points of running smoothly, moving easily, installation and maintains quickly and long period of running. This device can effectively solve the injection of the low water-absorbing section and of oilfields in dispersed locations. The recovery rate of oilfields is also enhanced.

288家医院质子泵抑制剂注射剂脱包调剂现状及对药品质量的影响分析

目的探讨质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)注射剂的医院脱包(脱去硬纸盒外包装)调剂现状及其对药品质量的影响。方法比较2010年版、2015年版、2020年版《中国药典》及国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)、美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(EMA)官网药品说明书中PPIs注射剂贮藏条件的差异。通过问卷星设计并向全国30个省(96个市)的288家三级、二级、二级以下医院发放调查问卷,调查PPIs注射剂在医院的脱包贮藏现状。观察注射用奥美拉唑钠光照后的颜色变化,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法测定脱包后在光照下奥美拉唑的含量。结果《中国药典》要求PPIs应在遮光或凉暗处贮藏,国内上市的PPIs注射剂要求遮光贮藏的药品说明书占90.59%,要求避光贮藏的占9.41%,其中注射用奥美拉唑钠原研药规定脱包后在一般室内光照条件下有效期不超过24 h;FDA和EMA的奥美拉唑钠和艾司奥美拉唑钠注射剂药品说明书均要求现用现脱包。共回收问卷408份,有效问卷356份,有效回收率为87.25%。其中,三级医院最多(占68.54%),被调查人员主要为药师(占64.89%),76.69%的工作年限超过10年,仅48.03%接受过遮光药品贮藏管理培训。PPIs注射剂在药房、运输、病区环节脱包的分别占43.75%,52.78%,79.86%,脱包后未遮光贮藏的分别占35.71%,82.24%,77.83%;脱包后使用时长主要为3~5 d(占45.14%)。注射用奥美拉唑钠脱包后在一般室内光照条件下24 h内表面变黄,随光照时间的延长逐渐加深;连续光照30 d,奥美拉唑浓度的RSD为6.67%(>5%),光照16 d的含量较光照1 d减少了12.30%。结论在医院药品流通各环节中,PPIs注射剂提前脱包且脱包后未遮光贮藏的情况普遍存在,导致药品含量降低。建议相关部门应制订PPIs注射剂的脱包管理制度,要求现用现脱包,脱包后遮光贮藏。

紧密型帮扶驻点药师干预对Ⅰ类切口手术质子泵抑制剂应用的影响

目的研究3种Ⅰ类切口手术中,紧密型帮扶驻点药师干预质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)注射剂的应用效果。方法选取2020年1月至12月乐昌市人民医院收治的160例外科住院患者为对照组,2021年1月至12月收治的160例外科住院患者为干预组。对照组采取常规的管理方式,干预组采用紧密型帮扶驻点药师干预的管理模式。对两组PPIs用药情况及不合理用药情况进行分析。结果干预组PPIs注射液使用率为37.5%,低于对照组的77.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组的PPIs注射液不合理使用率为30.6%,低于对照组的50.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组的PPIs注射剂用药天数为(2.06±2.80)d,少于对照组的(4.78±3.38)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对外科3种Ⅰ类切口手术PPIs注射剂的使用,紧密型帮扶药师通过药学干预促进PPIs注射剂合理用药取得满意效果。

井下旋流分离管柱的振动特性研究

为研究旋流分离管柱在注入泵和采出泵两螺杆泵抽吸条件下的振动特性,对其进行模态分析和瞬态动力响应分析。结果表明,不同工况下,旋流分离管柱的固有频率有所不同;固定注入泵一端和固定采出泵一端相比,固定采出泵一端各阶固有频率较小;螺杆泵转动引起的激振力和内部流量变化都会导致管柱变形,其中螺杆泵转动对旋流分离管柱变形影响较大;相对于固定采出泵,固定注入泵条件下旋流分离管柱产生的振动位移更大,是旋流分离管柱自身结构和注入泵转速产生更大激振力综合作用导致的结果;控制两个螺杆泵工作状态的时间差,理想情况下可以控制旋流分离管柱的总变形。

油田注水泵涂膜措施应用分析

针对油田注水泵长时间运行后泵体内部过流组件表面出现坑点和裂纹,泵内叶轮腐蚀、气蚀严重,泵效下降、单耗上升等问题,现场应用注水泵涂膜技术。通过在离心泵叶轮等过流部位涂覆优质涂料,提高泵内流道的光滑度,减小泵的水力损失,维持注水泵安全高效的运行。对三种涂膜技术进行对比,最后选定贝尔佐纳双组份1341修补剂。涂膜后的注水泵平均泵效上升2.28个百分点,平均注水单耗降低0.22kWh/m^(3),措施后的注水泵均达到了有益效果,解决了注水泵长期运行所引起的泵效下降、单耗上升的问题,节能效果明显,现场涂膜的4台注水泵年可节约电量275.6×10^(4)kWh,年节约电费194.05万元,具有良好的节电效果,经济效益显著,具有推广价值。

注水站高压注水泵盘根盒压帽断裂分析

中原油田高压注水泵盘根盒压帽出现多起断裂事故,给安全生产带来较大风险隐患。通过现场基本情况、压帽化学成分、硬度和金相组织的分析,再加上断口的宏观形貌、微观形貌分析等方法,查找压帽发生断裂原因。结果表明,压帽断裂原因一是由于铸造材质疏松,且存在缺陷;二是由于注水泵高压波动对断裂起到了关键性破坏作用,属于“材质因素和力学因素”共同作用导致的断裂。

胰岛素不同注射方式对糖尿病血糖控制效果的影响研究

目的分析胰岛素不同注射方式对2型糖尿病患者血糖控制情况的影响。方法选取2021年9月—2023年9月安溪县医院收治的186例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,利用最新统计学软件生成随机序列后将其分为对照组、观察组,各93例。两组研究对象均选用门冬胰岛素治疗,其中对照组注射方式为多次胰岛素皮下注射,观察组注射方式为胰岛素泵持续泵注。对比两组血糖控制情况、胰岛素使用剂量、血糖达标情况以及胰岛β细胞功能。结果观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组平均每天胰岛素使用量低于对照组,血糖达标时间短于对照组,且在达标即刻使用的胰岛素总量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组胰岛β细胞功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于2型糖尿病患者,采用胰岛素泵持续泵注这一注射方式,有利于改善血糖、血压及血脂水平,同时改善胰岛β细胞功能,且使用胰岛素剂量更低,能够更快速地达到控糖标准。

注氮气机抽防腐防垢一体化管柱的研制与应用

针对塔河油田注氮气机抽井井筒及井下工具严重腐蚀结垢,易造成抽油泵卡泵、封隔器解封困难等井下故障的问题,在现有技术的基础上,优化改进结构、技术创新,研制了一种注氮气防腐防垢机抽一体化管柱。该管柱包括注气防垢杆式泵、防腐封隔器等关键工具,注气防垢杆式泵优化改进了柱塞和泵筒的结构,泵筒上部设计注气孔、下部设计封堵筒,柱塞下部设计密封堵头,注气时柱塞下部堵头将进油通道密封,能防止高压油液倒灌进入泵腔发生腐蚀结垢,消除柱塞下放失败的风险;防腐封隔器采用新型护肩式的胶筒组件及双“O”型圈、双向支撑密封结构、分级解封机构和分体式双向卡瓦锚定结构,提高封隔器胶筒的耐腐蚀性能、降低上提解封力和保证卡瓦锚定性能。经过理论校核和室内模拟试验均满足现场需求,现场应用表明,该管柱坐封、解封及注气均正常,转采成功率100%,满足开发需求,解决了注气腐蚀结垢卡泵和封隔器解封困难的工程难题,具有很高的推广价值。

基于静脉滴-泵注双途径的PIVAS流程质控体系的应用分析

目的分析某院静脉滴-泵注双途径的PIVAS流程质控体系在保障成品输液质量过程中的作用。方法通过阐述静脉滴-泵注双途径的PIVAS流程质控体系构建的必要性,并介绍该体系运行后,使不同给药途径下的医嘱审核与批次编排、标签打印与摆药贴签、药品仓内调配、成品复核与成品打包无菌配送等流程得到优化。结果该质控体系的运行使各环节拟差错明显降低,不合理医嘱比例持续降低,成品输液漏液率明显下降,临床科室满意度明显提高,从而有效保障成品输液高质量。结论静脉滴-泵注双途径的PIVAS流程质控体系既提高了成品输液质量,也体现了高质量的药学服务价值。

胰岛素泵与胰岛素多次注射对妊娠期糖尿病的治疗效果与安全性比较

目的探究胰岛素泵与胰岛素多次注射对妊娠期糖尿病患者的治疗效果与安全性。方法选取本院24例妊娠期糖尿病患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各12例。多次注射组患者采取多次皮下注射胰岛素治疗,胰岛素泵组患者采取持续皮下胰岛素输注治疗。比较两组患者用药前后的血糖水平、用药期间低血糖发生率及妊娠结局。结果用药前,两组患者血糖水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。用药后,胰岛素泵组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平明显低于多次注射组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者胎膜早破发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胰岛素泵组患者用药期间低血糖发生率低于多次注射组患者,自然分娩率高于多次注射组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于胰岛素多次注射给药,胰岛素泵给药能够有效控制妊娠期糖尿病患者的血糖水平,不良反应发生率更低,可以提高自然分娩率,具有较高的临床应用与推广价值。

基于射流补水的水泵水轮机S特性改善研究

针对水泵水轮机的“S”特性提出了在导叶顶盖位置无叶区处加装注水管的解决方案,并模拟了注水管安装在不同位置时的“S”特性曲线,分析了加装注水管后转轮区域内流线及转轮各叶道流量的分布规律。结果表明,于导叶顶盖加装注水管可以有效改善转轮内部流动,减轻转轮和导叶内部流动的相互影响,减小叶道涡的尺寸,同时有效缓解了转轮各叶道流量分布不均的现象。在注水管处于无叶区中段和活动导叶附近时,对“S”特性的改善效果明显。

电动汽车CO_(2)热泵空调系统优化及制冷性能分析

为提升电动汽车CO_(2)热泵空调系统的制冷性能,文章构建了中间补气+回热器的跨临界CO_(2)系统,通过仿真研究了气体冷却器出口温度(T_(go))、气体冷却器压力(P_(g))、中间补气压力(P_(m))、相对补气量(β)、回热器过热度(ΔT)对系统制冷系数(EER)、制冷量(Q_(e))和压缩机排气温度(Tco)的影响及中间补气对回热器优化能力的提升。研究表明:存在最佳气体冷却器压力和最佳中间补气压力使得EER达到最大值,并得到两者与气体冷却器出口温度的关系式;气体冷却器出口温度上升会使系统性能下降,中间补气量和回热器过热度的增加能提升系统性能,EER提升了15.64%和6.07%,制冷量提升了27.88%和4.78%;回热器过热度的增加会导致压缩机排气温度上升,中间补气可降低压缩机排气温度,当限定压缩机排气温度时,中间补气可使回热器对EER和制冷量的优化能力分别提升了203%和173.87%;相对于基础跨临界CO_(2)系统,文章构建的优化系统在所研究工况内可使系统EER和制冷量分别提升18.38%和35.03%。

注射用奥美拉唑钠致低钠血症1例分析

目的分析注射用奥美拉唑钠致低钠血症不良反应及其代谢基因型和与三唑类抗真菌药相互作用,为临床安全使用质子泵抑制剂提供参考。方法报道1例80岁感染侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者,分析其用药后致低钠血症原因。结果患者CYP2C19慢代谢型且联合三唑类抗真菌药物,低钠血症可能与注射用奥美拉唑钠有关,怀疑为注射用奥美拉唑钠导致的不良反应。结论临床发现难治性低钠血症时需考虑质子泵抑制剂引起的可能性。对于CYP2C19慢代谢型患者,质子泵抑制剂与肝药酶抑制剂应谨慎合并使用。

基于Moldex 3D与正交试验的离心泵泵头注塑工艺优化

以商用离心泵泵头为研究对象,运用Moldex3D模流分析软件对其注塑成型过程进行了模拟。根据产品的结构特点设置了三种浇口方案,通过对注塑过程的模拟分析选出最佳方案来获得模具设计思路并预测制品成型后可能存在的质量问题。结果表明,平衡进浇方案的制品具有最好的综合性能,制品的翘曲变形量为1.588 mm,体积收缩率为2.444%。确认最佳浇口方案后,将充填时间(A)、保压时间(B)、冷却时间(C)和模具温度(D)作为实验因素,采用田口法构建五因素四水平的正交试验来获得最佳工艺参数,并使用极差和方差分析对结果进行置信度检测。以翘曲总位移结果为主要权重对象,通过极差分析确定了成型参数的最优组合为A_(1)B_(1)C_(1)D_(1),方差分析则验证了极差分析的结果置信度高于99%。相较于初始方案,制品的翘曲变形量从1.588 mm降低至1.214 mm,降低了23.6%;冷却时间降低至10 s,降低了40%。得知模流分析技术的使用让产品的质量和生产效率都得到了明显的优化,为预测塑件性能、降低生产成本、提高生产效率提供了一种可行的方式。

分时电价下油田分压周期注水优化研究

为降低由各注水井需求压力不一致导致的阀组节流损失,以泵站总能耗成本最低为目标函数,以站内泵机组及站外注水井服务要求为约束条件,借助数学规划和优化高级建模系统(GAMS)建模编程,调用内嵌分枝减小最优化导航(BARON)求解器求解,建立了一种分时电价下分压周期注水的数学模型。针对实际注水情况,考虑各压力范围注水井组交叉注水与顺次注水2种运行方案,通过对比分析确定了最佳注水方案。研究结果表明,优化后低压注水井组节流损失平均降低约7 MPa,中压注水井组节流损失平均降低约3 MPa,分时分压周期注水方式一周期内能耗成本可降低约13000元,极大降低了现场因节流损失带来的能耗成本,具有良好的经济效益。同时,顺次注水相较交叉注水具有更好的实用价值与可操作性,可为现场实际运行生产提供一定参考。