Delta shock index predicts injury severity,interventions,and outcomes in trauma patients:A 10-year retrospective observational study

BACKGROUND Most trauma occurs among young male subjects in Qatar.We examined the predictive values of the delta shock index(DSI),defined as the change in the shock index(SI)value from the scene to the initial reading in the emergency unit(i.e.,subtracting the calculated SI at admission from SI at the scene),at a Level 1 trauma center.AIM To explore whether high DSI is associated with severe injuries,more interventions,and worse outcomes[i.e.,blood transfusion,exploratory laparotomy,ventilator-associated pneumonia,hospital length of stay(HLOS),and in-hospital mortality]in trauma patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted after data were extracted from the National Trauma Registry between 2011 and 2021.Patients were grouped based on DSI as low(≤0.1)or high(>0.1).Data were analyzed and compared usingχ2 and Student’s t-tests.Correlations between DSI and injury severity score(ISS),revised trauma score(RTS),abbreviated injury scale(AIS),Glasgow coma scale(GCS),trauma score-ISS(TRISS),HLOS,and number of transfused blood units(NTBU),were assessed using correlation coefficient analysis.The diagnostic testing accuracy for predicting mortality was determined using the validity measures of the DSI.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of mortality.RESULTS This analysis included 13212 patients with a mean age of 33±14 years,and 24%had a high DSI.Males accounted for 91%of the study population.The trauma activation level was higher in patients with a high DSI(38%vs 15%,P=0.001).DSI correlated with RTS(r=-0.30),TRISS(r=-0.30),NTBU(r=0.20),GCS(r=-0.24),ISS(r=0.22),and HLOS(r=0.14)(P=0.001 for all).High DSI was associated with significantly higher rates of intubation,laparotomy,ventilator-associated pneumonia,massive transfusion activation,and mortality than low DSI.For mortality prediction,a high DSI had better specificity,negative predictive value,and negative likelihood ratio(77%,99%,and 0.49%,respectively).After adjusting for age,emergency medical services time,GCS score,and ISS,multivariable regression analysis showed that DSI was an independent predictor of mortality(odds ratio=1.9;95%confidence interval:1.35-2.76).CONCLUSION In addition to sex-biased observations,almost one-quarter of the study cohort had a higher DSI and were mostly young.High DSI correlated significantly with the other injury severity scores,which require more time and imaging to be ready to use.Therefore,DSI is a practical,simple bedside tool for triaging and prognosis in young patients with trauma.

Risk factors and their interactive effects on severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute gastrointestinal injury

BACKGROUND There are many risk factors for severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)complicated with acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI),but few reports on the interaction between these risk factors.AIM To analyze the risk factors for SAP complicated with AGI and their interactive effects.METHODS We selected 168 SAP patients admitted to our hospital between December 2019 and June 2022.They were divided into AGI group and non-AGI group according to whether AGI was present.Demographic data and laboratory test data were compared between the two groups.The risk factors for SAP with concomitant AGI were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression,and an analysis of the interaction of the risk factors was performed.RESULTS The percentage of patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,acute physiological and chronic health scoring system II(APACHE II)score,white blood cell count and creatinine(CRE)level was higher in the AGI group than in the non-AGI group.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that an APACHE II score>15 and CRE>100μmol/L were risk factors for SAP complicating AGI.The interaction index of APACHE II score and CRE level was 3.123.CONCLUSION An APACHE II score>15 and CRE level>100μmol/L are independent risk factors for SAP complicated with AGI,and there is a positive interaction between them.

ISS、CRAMS评分联合血栓弹力图检查对急诊多发伤患者转归的评估价值

目的探究损伤严重度评分(ISS)、循环、呼吸、腹部、运动及言语(CRAMS)评分联合血栓弹力图(TEG)检测在急诊多发伤患者转归的评估价值。方法选取新乡医学院第三附属医院收治的187例急诊多发伤患者为研究对象,收集患者一般资料、入院后ISS、CRAMS评分,测定患者TEG指标[凝血反应时间(R)、血块形成速率(K)、血块生成率(α角)、最大宽度值(MA)、凝血综合指数(CI)],根据患者出院时病情转归情况分为良好组(146例)和不良组(41例),比较两组一般资料,ISS、CRAMS评分及TEG指标,采用多因素logistic回归分析法分析影响急诊多发伤患者转归的相关因素,采用受试者工作(ROC)曲线评估ISS、CRAMS评分联合TEG检测指标对急诊多发伤患转归的评估价值。结果不良组受伤至急诊抢救时间、休克、大量输血、感染占比高于良好组(P<0.05);两组性别、年龄、BMI、致伤原因、受伤部位比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不良组ISS评分、R值、K值高于良好组(P<0.05),CRAMS评分、α角、MA值、CI值低于良好组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,受伤至急诊抢救时间、ISS评分、K值、CI值为影响急诊多发伤患者转归的危险因素(P<0.05),CRAMS评分为保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,ISS评分、CRAMS评分、TEG指标K值、CI值单独及联合评估急诊多发伤患者转归的AUC分别为0.710、0.865、0.955、0.877、0.997,联合评估价值更高。结论ISS、CRAMS评分、TEG指标K值、CI值是急诊多发伤患者预后的影响因素,且联合评估对患者预后具有较高的预测价值。

The Buffering analysis to identify common geographical factors within the vicinity of severe injury related to motor vehicle crash in Malaysia

BACKGROUND:The main objective was to identify common geographical buildup within the100-meter buffer of severely injured based on injury severity score(ISS) among the motor vehicle crash(MVC) victims in Malaysia.METHODS:This was a prospective cohort study from July 2011 until June 2013 and involved all MVC patients attending emergency departments(ED) of two tertiary centers in a district in Malaysia.A set of digital maps was obtained from the Town Planning Unit of the district Municipal Office(local district map).Vector spaces were spanned over these maps using GIS software(ARCGIS 10.1licensed to the study center),and data from the identified severe injured cases based on ISS of 16 or more were added.Buffer analysis was performed and included all events occurring within a 100-meter perimeter around a reference point.RESULTS:A total of 439 cases were recruited over the ten-month data collection period.Fifty two(11%) of the cases were categorized as severe cased based on ISS scoring of 16 and more.Further buffer analysis looking at the buildup areas within the vicinity of the severely injured locations showed that most of the severe injuries occurred at locations on municipal roads(15,29%),straight roads(16,30%) and within villages buildup(suburban) areas(18,35%).CONCLUSION:This study has successfully achieved its objective in identifying common geographical factors and buildup areas within the vicinity of severely injured road traffic cases.

初始离子钙联合休克指数及ISS评分对ICU创伤患者预后的预测价值

目的探讨初始离子钙、休克指数比值(rSIG)和ISS评分(创伤严重程度评分)对ICU创伤患者预后的评估价值。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月联勤保障部队第九二〇医院ICU收治的184例创伤患者的临床资料。以28 d预后为终点,将患者分为存活组和死亡组,比较2组患者一般临床资料、iCa^(2+)、rSIG和ISS评分的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出影响创伤患者死亡的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析初始iCa^(2+)、rSIG和ISS评分对创伤患者的预测效能。结果共纳入184例ICU创伤患者,28d存活166例,死亡组18例。存活组患者初始iCa^(2+)水平高于死亡组[1.073±0.11mmol/L vs 1.0±0.15 mmol/L,P<0.05]、rSIG值显著大于死亡组[15.82(12.65,19.9)vs 5.89(2.3,11.41),P<0.001]、ISS评分显著低于死亡组[23.04±8.89 vs 35.89±9.09,P<0.001]。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(1.061,95%CI:1.004~1.122,P=0.035)、急诊机械通气(5.237,95%CI:1.113~24.648,P=0.036)、iCa^(2+)(0,95%CI:0.000~0.081,P=0.011)是影响ICU创伤患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,rSIG、iCa^(2+)及ISS评分均对创伤患者预后预测ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.833、0.623、0.835(均P<0.05);单独预测能力ISS评分最优,iCa^(2+)的特异度最高(97%),rSIG的敏感度最高(83.3%),iCa^(2+)联合ISS预测的AUC高达0.9,敏感度为83.3%,特异度为86.1%,提示两者联合变量对创伤患者死亡的准确性更高。结论ICU创伤死亡者具有低iCa^(2+)值、rSIG低值及ISS高评分。初始iCa^(2+)与ISS评分联合对创伤患者预后的预测能力最佳。

创伤后纤维蛋白原降低与ISS及蛇毒血凝酶注射的相关性研究进展

创伤是急诊外科常见急症之一,其严重威胁人民群众的生命安全。创伤后出血作为目前严重创伤患者潜在可预防死亡的主要原因,及时地给予评估、预防及救治至关重要。近年来,各级创伤中心对损伤严重度评分(injury severity score, ISS)不一的创伤患者的早期诊治以及创伤后出血如何注射蛇毒血凝酶已成为临床研究热点。本文就ISS及蛇毒血凝酶注射在创伤后纤维蛋白原水平降低方面的作用及相关研究进展进行综述,以期为创伤患者出现纤维蛋白原降低的预防救治及改善预后等方面提供参考。

ISS评分联合血清Leptin、CRP水平检测在胸腹部创伤患者预后预测中的应用价值

目的:探讨创伤严重度评分(ISS)联合血清瘦素(Leptin)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平检测在胸腹部创伤患者预后预测中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年5月至2021年5月该院收治的106例胸腹部创伤患者的临床资料。根据预后情况,将其分为生存组(90例)及死亡组(16例)。比较两组血清CRP、Leptin水平及ISS评分;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析ISS评分联合血清Leptin、CRP水平在胸腹部创伤患者预后预测中的应用价值。结果:死亡组血清ISS评分及血清Leptin、CRP水平均高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清ISS评分联合血清Leptin、CRP水平检测预测胸腹部创伤患者预后的曲线下面积为0.869,分别高于三者单项检测的0.742、0.748、0.726,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ISS评分联合血清Leptin、CRP水平检测在胸腹部创伤患者预后预测中具有较高的应用价值。

严重多发外伤患者并发脓毒症的危险因素及风险预测模型构建

目的分析严重多发外伤患者并发脓毒症的危险因素,并建立风险预测模型。方法收集南阳市第一人民医院2021年1月至2022年12月收治的120例严重多发外伤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,依据是否并发脓毒症分为脓毒症组41例与非脓毒症组79例。采用logistic回归分析影响严重多发外伤患者并发脓毒症的危险因素,依据回归分析结果构建风险预测模型,并计算一致性指数(C-index)判断模型区分度。结果脓毒症组年龄、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、创伤严重程度评分(ISS)、序贯器官衰竭(SOFA)评分均大于非脓毒症组,机械通气患者占比高于非脓毒症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经logistic回归分析显示,NLR、APTT、ISS评分为严重多发外伤患者并发脓毒症的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);绘制列线图构建严重多发外伤患者并发脓毒症的风险预测模型,验证模型区分度显示C-index值=0.908,区分度良好;绘制标准曲线显示,校准曲线和Y-X直线紧密贴合,模型准确度良好。结论NLR、APTT、ISS评分为严重多发外伤患者并发脓毒症的危险因素,基于上述因素构建的风险预测模型对严重多发外伤患者并发脓毒症具有较高预测价值。

New injury severity score(NISS)outperforms injury severity score(ISS)in the evaluation of severe blunt trauma patients

Purpose:The injury severity score(ISS)and new injury severity score(NISS)have been widely used in trauma evaluation.However,which scoring system is better in trauma outcome prediction is still disputed.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of the two scoring systems in predicting trauma outcomes,including mortality,intensive care unit(ICU)admission and ICU length of stay.Methods:The data were collected retrospectively from three hospitals in Zhejiang province,China.The comparisons of NISS and ISS in predicting outcomes were performed by using receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics.Results:A total of 1825 blunt trauma patients were enrolled in our study.Finally,1243 patients were admitted to ICU,and 215 patients died before discharge.The ISS and NISS were equivalent in predicting mortality(area under ORC curve[AUC]:0.886 vs.0.887,p=0.9113).But for the patients with ISS>25,NISS showed better performance in predicting mortality.NISS was also significantly better than ISS in predicting ICU admission and prolonged ICU length of stay.Conclusion:NISS outperforms ISS in predicting the outcomes for severe blunt trauma and can be an essential supplement of ISS.Considering the convenience of NISS in calculation,it is advantageous to promote NISS in China's primary hospitals.

Application of injury severity score to multiple injuries headed by spinal cord injury

Objective： To evaluate the application of injury severity score （ISS） to multiple injuries headed by spinal cord injury. Methods： The data of 55 cases （40 males and 15 females, aged 17-69 years, mean = 41 years） of multiple injuries headed by spinal cord injury treated in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2004 were reviewed and analyzed with ISS （Version of AIS-2005 ） to explore their relationship. Results ： The ISS values increased with the number of injured regions, so did the complications. The recovery rate was negatively related to ISS values. During the period of immunity observation, the patients with ISS 〉 25 could undergo planned operations safely. Conclusions： Treatment for multiple injuries headed by spinal cord injury closely depends on the general and local conditions of the patients. ISS may provide useful data for the choice of treatment methods.

分析高压氧联合神经外科手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果

目的 探讨高压氧联合神经外科手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法 选取2020年2月—2022年11月青岛市黄岛区人民医院收治的66例重型颅脑损伤患者为研究对象,按照投掷硬币法分为参照组(33例,采用的治疗方法为神经外科手术)和研究组(33例,采用的治疗方法为参照组基础上的高压氧治疗)。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率、功能独立自主量表(Functional Indepence Measure,FIM)评分、Glasgow昏迷评分量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分、并发症(持续高热、上消化道出血、肺部感染、肾损伤)总发生率。结果研究组治疗总有效率(96.97%)高于参照组(75.76%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.304,P<0.05)。治疗前,两组FIM评分、GCS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,研究组FIM评分、GCS评分均高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组并发症(持续高热、上消化道出血、肺部感染、肾损伤)总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 高压氧+神经外科手术治疗方法的有效应用,对于重型颅脑损伤患者疗效提升、昏迷状态改善以及生活自理能力提升方面,可以获得明显效果,可促进重型颅脑损伤患者的良好预后。

ISS在5.12地震伤员救治中的应用及意义

目的探讨损伤严重评分(injury severity score,ISS)在5.12地震伤员救治中的作用。方法对我院在5.12地震灾害发生后2周内伤员以ISS进行检伤,并依此为依据对伤员进行诊治,分析诊治结果。结果2周内共对2171例伤员进行了检伤,行急诊清创手术985例,其中1418例患者入院治疗,急诊室死亡13例。结论在大型灾害的救援中,以ISS进行检伤对保障伤员迅速、合理救治是非常有效的。

AIS—ISS和GCS评分预测颅脑外伤合并多发伤预后比较研究

目的比较评估AIS-ISS创伤评分和GCS评分对于颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者预后的判断价值。方法回顾性分析本院颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者的临床资料，分别记录AIS-Iss创伤评分和GCS评分，统计住院死亡病例，远期预后情况通过出院后随访1年时的GOS评分评定。采用Spearman检验分析两种评分与预后关系的相关系数，Kappa指数评估预测结果的一致性，绘制ROC曲线进行评分方法的敏感性和特异性比较。结果MS-ISS评分与颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者住院死亡和远期预后呈正相关，Spearman相关系数分别为0．434和0．469；GCS评分与住院死亡和远期预后呈负相关，Spearman相关系数分别为-0．410和-0．665。在预测住院死亡中，AIS-ISS评分和GCS评分的敏感性分别为66．07％和47．79％，特异性分别为71．24％和91．30％，一致率分别为69．82％和57．59％，Kappa值分别为0．330和0．243，ROC曲线下面积分别为0．756和0．740；在预测远期预后中，AIS-ISS评分和GCS评分的敏感性分别为91．22％和57．14％，特异性分别为67．52％和98．84％，一致率分别为71．60％和67．98％，Kappa值分别为0．371和0．402，ROC曲线下面积分别为0．773和0．879；上述差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论在预测颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者的住院死亡和远期预后方面，AIS-ISS评分和GCS评分各具优势，互为补充。

胸腹联合伤的AIS-ISS评分及外科治疗

目的总结胸腹联合伤创伤评分与临床诊断和治疗方法的关系,旨在提高该病的诊断及治疗水平。方法回顾分析83例胸腹联合伤患者临床资料,并对其进行简明创伤分级(AIS)及损伤严重程度评分(ISS)。其中交通事故伤38例,刀刺伤24例,坠落伤8例,挤压伤8例,重物砸伤5例。患者手术治疗43例,胸腔闭式引流28例,保守治疗12例。结果治愈73例,死亡10例,死亡率12.1%。结论详细询问病史及查体,胸、腹部X平片,CT、胸腹部B超、消化道钡剂造影及钡灌肠造影检查有助胸腹联合伤的诊断。对诊断明确的胸腹合并伤,首先改善呼吸功能,恢复有效循环量,对ISS评分大于26的患者,应积极做好手术准备。

在颅脑损伤患者预后预测中TRISS法和ASCOT法的应用比较

目的 :比较 TRISS法和 ASCOT法对重度颅脑损伤患者结局的预测价值。方法 :对 16 4例重度颅脑损伤〔简明损伤分级 (AIS)≥ 3分〕患者分别应用 TRISS法和 ASCOT法 ,计算其生存概率 (Ps)和预测准确性 ,并进行比较。结果 :16 4例重度颅脑损伤患者中 ,TRISS法预测准确性为 0 .90 9,敏感性为 0 .6 2 1,特异性为0 .970 ;ASCOT法预测准确性为 0 .933,敏感性为 0 .6 5 5 ,特异性为 0 .993。结论 :在重度颅脑损伤患者结局预测的准确性、敏感性和特异性上 ,ASCOT法均比

ISS在中青年胸部损伤评估中的价值

目的评估ISS评分在预测中青年胸部损伤患者伤情、是否需要开胸治疗以及病死率、致残率中的价值。方法回顾性研究1998～2006年因胸部损伤，年龄在18～48岁的250例病例资料。根据ISS分组（〈16，16～27，〉27），分析ISS与预后的关系。结果本组ISS平均值为（15．5±9．3）分，其中ISS评分：〈16分149例（59．6％），16～27分63例（25．2％），〉27分38例（15．2％）。结论ISS分值不但是病死率、致残率的独立预测因素，还是是否开胸的独立预测因素。

ISS评分对严重创伤患者病情及预后的预测价值

目的分析ISS评分对严重创伤患者病情及预后的预测价值。方法选取2016年2月至2017年2月汉中市中心医院急诊科收治的严重创伤患者560例,按照ISS评分情况分为A组[16分≤损伤严重程度评分(ISS)评分<50分]、B组(ISS评分≥50分),其中A组384例,B组176例,分析比较两组患者在创伤部位、创伤原因、入院前情况、住院总时间、治疗效果等方面的差异,并比较各部位之间ISS评分与死亡率的差异。结果B组患者中胸部、四肢及骨盆、腹部及盆腔损伤发生率及因交通事故致伤概率分别为50.0%、54.0%、35.2%、58.5%,A组分别为32.0%、45.1%、15.9%、42.7%,B组显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者入院前休克发生率(21.0%)、意识障碍发生率(54.5%)显著高于A组(4.9%、18.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者平均住院时间(84 d)、院内死亡率(38.1%)均高于A组(47 d、10.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ISS评分越高,病情越严重,死亡率越高,ISS评分可初步作为预测严重创伤患者病情及预后情况的参考指标。

车祸致膀胱破裂43例ISS分析

目的：判断创伤的严重性及其预后。方法：采用简明创伤定级标准（ Ａｂｂｒｅｖｉａｔｅｄ ｉｎｊｕｒｙｓｃａｌｅ， Ａ Ｉ Ｓ）及其派生出的创伤严重度评分（ Ｉｎｊｕｒｙ ｓｅｖｅｖｉｔｙ ｓｃｏｒｅ， Ｉ Ｓ Ｓ）对车祸致膀胱破裂４３ 例患者进行回顾性分析，以 Ｉ Ｓ Ｓ＞ １６ 分视为重伤。结果： Ｉ Ｓ Ｓ １６～１９ 分 ５ 例，２０～２５ 分 ２ 例，２６～３４ 分 １５例，超过３４ 分２ 例，余均＜ １６ 分。结论： Ｉ Ｓ Ｓ评分可有效解决交通事故所致的损伤分类问题，从而为对症处理提供依据。若发生膀胱颈“松动”，应行膀胱颈悬吊术，以免发生尿失禁。

MEWS、APACHEⅡ、NISS与血栓弹力图在急诊多发伤对伤情评价和预后价值

目的探讨改良早期预警评分(MEWS)、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分(APACHEⅡ)、新损伤严重程度评分(NISS)与血栓弹力图在急诊多发伤患者伤情评价和预后预测价值。方法选取2018年1月至2019年12月在本院接诊的156例多发伤患者,按生存状态分为存活组(n=130)和死亡组(n=26)。记录患者性别、年龄、致伤原因等一般资料。比较两组MEWS、APACHE-Ⅱ、NISS评分与血栓弹力图伤情情况。结果治疗后,存活组MEWS、APACHE-Ⅱ、NISS、血栓弹力图中的K均低于死亡组,存活组α角、MA、CI、G、E、CLT均高于死亡组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MEWS、APACHE-Ⅱ、NISS评分与血栓弹力图对存活组多发伤患者评分准确率分别为76.92%、94.62%、80.77%、78.46%,显著高于死亡组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NEWS对多发伤患者预后敏感度为81.3%,特异度为55.6%;APACHE-Ⅱ敏感度为62.5%,特异度为81.5%;NISS敏感度为59.4%,特异度为78.8%;血栓弹力图敏感度为53.1%,特异度为96.3%。结论 NEWS、APACHE-Ⅱ、NISS与血栓弹力图对急诊多发伤患者病情评价均有良好的预测价值,可作为急诊多发伤患者伤情评价和预后评估的方法。其中APACHEⅡ预测价值最大,且更适合已留院观察的多发伤患者。

AIS-ISS评分结合VICPO急救程序在严重创伤患者中的护理效果

目的探讨在严重创伤患者中应用AIS-ISS评分结合VICPO急救程序进行干预的护理效果。方法选取2016年1月~2017年3月在我院急诊科接受治疗的160例严重创伤患者作为研究对象,采用简单随机抽样法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各80例。对照组患者给予常规抢救干预,观察组患者给予AIS-ISS评分结合VICPO急救程序干预,比较两组患者的护理效果。结果观察组患者的急救反应时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的好转率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的抢救成功率高于对照组,致残率和死亡率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 AIS-ISS评分结合VICPO急救程序在严重创伤患者中的护理效果显著,值得临床推广应用。