Recent sedimentary records in the East China Sea inner shelf and their response to environmental change and human activities

The East China Sea continental shelf is a unique area for the study of land-sea interactions and paleoenvironmental change because it receives a large amount of terrestrial material inputs. In recent decades, human activities and global climate change have greatly aff ected river discharges into the sea. However, changes in the deposition process caused by these factors in the East China Sea continental shelf are unclear. We collected eight short sediment cores from the East China Sea inner shelf(ECSIS) using a box core sampler in 2012 and 2015. The grainsize, 2 10 Pb, and 1 37 Cs of these cores were analyzed in order to reconstruct the deposition history since the 1950 s, and to reveal human activity and climate change influences on sediment deposition in the ECSIS. Results indicated that sediment grain size became finer after 1969, turned coarser after 1987, and then further coarser since 2003, corresponding well to the three steps of sediment load drop in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, which are mainly caused by human activities(particularly the closure of the Three Gorges Dam). Simultaneously, the East Asian Monsoon influenced the deposition process in the ECSIS by changing the intensity of coastal currents. Mean grain size variations in the fine-grained population(divided by grain size vs. standard deviation method) coincided with that of the East Asian Winter Monsoon strength and reflected its weakness in 1987. Abrupt changes in sediment grain size over a short time scale in these sediment cores were generally caused by floods and typhoons. Spectral analyses of the sediment cores showed periodicities of 10–11 and 20–22 years, corresponding to the periodicity of solar activity(Schwabe cycle and Hale cycle). Mean grain size time series also displayed a 3–8 year periodicity corresponding to El Ni?o Southern Oscillation periodic change.

Sources and Transport of Terrigenous Organic Matters Along the East China Sea Inner Shelf: Insights from Lignin and Alkane Biomarkers

The area of East China Sea(ECS)inner shelf is an important sink of suspended particulates from Yangtze River(YR)and materials originated from YR basin.In this study,the parameters of lignin and alkane biomarkers in surface sediment samples from ECS inner shelf were determined to distinguish the sources and to trace the transport of terrigenous organic matters in the region.Our dataset showed that total alkanes with carbon numbers from 10 to 38(T-alkanes)were significantly correlated to both TAR(terrigenous/aquatic ratio)and HMW/LMW(the ratio of high molecular weight to low molecular weight alkanes)(r=0.88,P<0.05 for both),indicating that the majority of T-alkanes was predominantly originated from terrestrial sources,and T-alkanes are important constituents of terrestrial organic matters in the study area.The area was probably affected by petroleum pollution to a certain degree,as indicated by the values of carbon preference index(CPI),odd-over-even carbon number predominance(OEP)and the ratio of pristane to phytane(Pr/Ph).The values of Pr/n-C_(17) and Ph/n-C_(18) suggested a strong reductive sedimentary condition in the region with no obvious biodegradation.The content of eight lignin phenols(Σ8)decreased from the coast to the open sea,indicative of riverine input and hydrodynamic transport of terrigenous organic matters.Lignin degradation parameters presented an increasing trend from the coastline toward the open sea.The lignin vegetation parameters and alkane index(AI)suggested the predominance of non-woody angiosperms in the YR basin.The obvious correlation betweenΛ8(Σ8 normalized to 100 mg organic carbon),TAR and HMW/LMW reveals the significantly concurrent input of lignin and alkanes from terrestrial sources.

High-Resolution Geochemical Records in the Inner Shelf Mud Wedge of the East China Sea and Their Indication to the Holocene Monsoon Climatic Changes and Events

The inner shelf mud wedge(ISMW)located in the East China Sea(ECS)is the fine-grained sedimentary area with high sedimentation rate and has provided an ideal study area for understanding the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)evolution during the Holocene.In this paper,we presented the high-resolution geochemical data of the sediments from the core MD06-3040 in the ISMW of the ECS determined by X-ray fluorescence core scanning(XRF-CS)analysis,a high-resolution,continuous,and multielement method.Geochemical and factor analysis results reveal that the variations of elemental compositions(Al,Si,K,Ti,Fe),the elemental ratios of Al/Zr,Ca/Ti and Rb/Sr,and the factor scores(F1 are correlated with the changes of the EASM during the period of 6000–1300 cal yr BP.The higher values of geochemical compositions indicating the terrigenous inputs implied the intensification of anthropogenic activities after 1300 cal yr BP.Meanwhile,the significant decrease of most geochemical compositions and the F1 factor scores during 4500–3500 cal yr BP and 1700–1500 cal yr BP,within the dating errors,coincided with the weak EASM events(presumably drought and cold events).The spectral analysis results of K concentrations,Al/Zr ratios and F1 factor scores show the millennial and centennial climatic fluctuations,which are consistent with other marine sedimentary records in the adjacent areas.All the findings show that the geochemical compositions of sediments from core MD06-3040 are influenced by the EASM evolution,the variable El Niño/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the local oceanic thermohaline circulation(e.g.,Kuroshio Current).These results are greatly helpful in uncovering the forcing mechanism of the monsoonal climate in the east China over the Holocene and also contribute to the understanding of EASM variability.

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Surface Suspended Matter and Controlling Factors in the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter

Based on the observed surface suspended matter in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, an empirical model was established using L1 b's band 4 data to retrieve surface suspended matter from the Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer Terra imagery. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.8358, and the root mean square error is 0.4285 mg L-1. The model reflects the distribution characteristics of surface suspended matter in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In this paper, the satellite images of the study area were retrieved in January from 2001 to 2015, and the monthly distribution of surface suspended matter were obtained. The inter-annual distribution of the study area is similar, and the concentration of surface suspended matter is higher near the shore than offshore. A large amount of surface suspended matter is transported southeast under the influence of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current and Taiwan warm current. Only a small amount of surface suspension can reach the Kuroshio area. The surface suspended matter concentration changes obviously near the estuary because of the effect of differences in the flux of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, winter monsoon, temperature front, El Ni?o events, and other factors affect the distribution of surface suspended matter in 100 m isobath to coastal water but minimally influence the distribution in 100 m isobath to deep sea.

Contributors to tidal duration asymmetry with varied coastline configurations on western shelf of Yellow Sea

Coastal management in China is confronted with an urgent choice between natural restoration and maintenance of existing seawalls and reclaimed land for economic development.A key criterion for making this decision is the resilience to coastal flooding,which depends on the ability to predict tidal level.Tidal duration asymmetry(TDA)is a key parameter in determination of the arrival and duration of flood tides.This study selected the western inner shelf of the Yellow Sea(WYS)as the study area and investigated the responses of TDA to different shoreline configurations and relative sea level rise.The responses of TDA to shoreline reconstruction yielded spatial variability locally and remotely.In the nearshore area,the responses of TDA to the complex ocean environment mainly originated from the combined functions of reflection,bottom friction,and advection,which controlled the energy transfer from M2 or S2 constituents to their overtides or compound tides.The sensitivity of TDA to coastline typologies was not limited to coastal waters but could stretch over the entire inner shelf.The vulnerability of tidal responses was due to the displacement of the M2 amphidrome of the Kelvin wave on the WYS,which in turn changed tidal energy fluxes over the regime.The relative sea level rise could intensify the feedback of TDA to seawalls and land reclamation.

Rare earth element geochemistry in the inner shelf of the East China Sea and its implication to sediment provenances

Gravity core EC2005, located in the mud wedge off the Zhejiang-Fujian coast in the inner shelf of the East China Sea （ECS）, was analyzed for its lithology, grain size, rare earth elements （REE） and AMS14C dating. Results revealed high-resolution paleoenvironmental evolution and multiple switches of sediment provenances in the inner shelf of ECS. The lithology, grain size and REE concentrations of sediments varied significantly down the core. Mean grain size ranged from 8 to 121 μm, and the values of ΣREE were 152.8-227.9 μg/g. The chondrite- and shale-normalized REE patterns indicated their similarity to the terrigenous sediments in the study area. Between 17.3-12.3 ka BP the sediments in the inner shelf of ECS were mainly originated from local drainage basins. The source then gradually switched to the Yangtze River between 12.3 and 9.8 ka BP. Since about 10-9.8 ka BP, the sediments in the study area were dominantly derived from the Yangtze River. The continuous rising of sea level and formation of coastal current along the inner shelf played a key role in the switches of sediment provenances.

High-resolution clay mineral assemblages in the inner shelf mud wedge of the East China Sea during the Holocene: Implications for the East Asian Monsoon evolution

The inner shelf mud wedge of the East China Sea(ECS) is a high-sedimentation-rate fine-grained sediment unit that has preserved a continuous environmental evolution history since the last deglaciation. We present a high-resolution clay mineralogical study from Core MD06-3040 to semi-quantitatively evaluate terrigenous sediment contributions from various potential provenances throughout the Holocene. The results showed that the clay mineral assemblage is composed of dominant illite(34–49%), moderate smectite(16–41%) and chlorite(15–28%), and minor kaolinite(5–12%). Provenance analysis suggested that most fine-grained terrigenous sediments originated from the Yangtze River, with minor sediments derived from Taiwan island and negligible sediments from nearby Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Time series variation in the contribution of the Yangtze source fluctuated in the range of 38–80%, whereas that of Taiwan island had a converse variation pattern from ~10%to ~55%, and the contribution of Fujian was relatively stable in the range of 7–11% throughout the Holocene. The fluctuations of clay mineral assemblages and variations of clay mineral contributions from different provenances of Core MD06-3040 were controlled by the variability of precipitation in the Yangtze drainage associated with periodic fluctuations in the East Asian monsoonal circulation.

Records of the East Asian winter monsoon from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea since the mid-Holocene

AMS14C dating and analysis of grain size,major elements and clay minerals were applied to Core MZ01 from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea.Based on the environmentally sensitive grain size,clay mineral and major element assemblages,the history of the East Asia winter monsoon since the mid-Holocene could be reconstructed.These three proxies,mean grain size(>9.71μm),chemical index of alteration(CIA)and ratio of smectite to kaolinite in particular,show similar fluctuation patterns. Furthermore,10 extreme values corresponding to the contemporary cooling events could be recognized since the mid-Holocene;these extreme values are likely to have been caused by the strengthening of the East Asia winter monsoon.The cooling events correlated well with the results of theδ18O curves of the Dunde ice core and GISP2,which therefore revealed a regional response to global climate change.Four stages of the East Asia winter monsoon were identified,i.e.8300-6300 a BP,strong and unstable;6300-3800 a BP,strong but stable;3800-1400 a BP,weak and unstable;after 1400 a BP,weak but stable.

长江口—东海内陆架悬浮重矿物组成与颗粒特征

沉积物重矿物矿物组成和颗粒大小对揭示沉积物源和水动力分选过程具有重要指示意义。然而,受研究手段的制约,对于长江细粒沉积的重矿物组成和物源、水动力分选之间关系的探究还尚属空白。本研究利用自动定量矿物分析系统(TIMA)对长江口—东海内陆架不同水层悬浮物的重矿物组成和颗粒大小进行了研究,同时,结合电子探针分析对细粒级重矿物自动识别结果进行了验证。研究表明,长江口悬浮物中特征重矿物组合为角闪石—绿帘石—铁质金属矿物,与长江下游沉积物特征重矿物组合一致。长江口悬浮物与长江下游沉积物的重矿物组成具有极好的相关性,指示其来源与长江有关。而长江口外悬浮物中赤/磁铁矿相对富集,可能是强潮作用导致的中等密度重矿物再搬运和扩散的结果。值得关注的是,在舟山群岛附近站位悬浮物样品中发现了铬铁矿的异常富集,推测与海区人类生产活动有关。长江口悬浮重矿物颗粒绝大部分为粗粉砂—极细砂,富集在悬浮物中的较粗粒级(Φ<D_(0.5))中,主要由径流携带搬运。不同水层悬浮物中不同类型重矿物的粒径无明显差异,受沉降差异的影响小。

台风期间东海内陆架跨陆架沉积物输运及其调控机制

跨陆架沉积物输运不仅是陆海相互作用的重要组成,而且是陆源沉积物“源-汇”过程的关键环节。作为一种天气尺度事件性过程,台风能够对陆架海洋沉积动力过程以及跨陆架沉积物输运格局产生不可忽视的影响。然而,受限于台风期间现场观测数据的稀缺性以及卫星资料的有效性,有关台风期间跨陆架沉积物输运仍然缺乏系统的研究。本文基于高分辨率FVCOM数值模型,对2015年超强台风“灿鸿”过境期间东海内陆架的跨陆架沉积物输运过程及其调控机制进行了研究。结果显示,台风能够引起东海内陆架海洋沉积动力过程的强烈响应,并产生显著的跨陆架离岸输运现象,悬沙通量较正常天气增加了2~3个数量级。该过程主要受控于两种因素:首先,台风期间持续性的水位堆积在近岸引起正压效应,产生经向上均一的跨陆架离岸输运,这是台风对沉积物跨陆架输运的间接影响;其次,旋转风场所激发的“齿轮效应”在台风路径两侧产生顺风向沉积物输运模式,左侧表现为离岸方向,右侧为向岸方向,此为台风对沉积物跨陆架输运的直接影响。两种机制叠加后共同控制着台风期间东海内陆架沉积物的跨陆架输运过程。

末次冰消期以来东海内陆架沉积物活性铁命运及其环境响应

陆架沉积物活性铁在海洋铁生物地球化学循环中扮演着重要角色,但是其对陆架沉积环境演化的响应机制还不明确。本研究以东海内陆架EC2005岩心沉积物为例,探讨末次冰消期以来沉积环境演化对东海内陆架活性铁命运的影响。EC2005岩心沉积物总铁/铝(Fe_(T)/Al)比值平均为0.54,活性铁/总铁(Fe_(HR)/Fe_(T))比值平均为0.29,表明长江输入的陆源细粒沉积物是研究区主要的颗粒铁来源。活性铁组分的平均含量由高到低依次为易还原的(氢)氧化物铁(Fe_(ox1),0.64%)、黄铁矿铁(Fe_(py),0.32%)、可还原的(氢)氧化物铁(Fe_(ox2),0.23%)、碳酸盐铁(Fe_(carb),0.09%)。其中,Fe_(py)和Fe_(carb)含量随深度变化呈现出此消彼长的趋势,这是碳酸(氢)根离子和硫化物竞争亚铁离子的结果,受末次冰消期以来沉积环境和氧化还原状态的控制。Fe_(ox1)与有机碳含量的变化密切相关,并对Fe_(py)和Fe_(carb)含量的变化起着重要的控制作用。在陆相沉积环境中(17.3~13.1 ka),Fe_(ox1)主要转化为Fe_(carb),Fe_(py)含量几乎为0;在海陆过渡环境中(13.1~7.3 ka),Fe_(carb)含量减少,Fe_(py)含量增加;在海相沉积环境中(7.3 ka至今),Fe_(py)含量达到最大值,Fe_(carb)含量在表层显著增加。本研究强调了沉积环境演化对陆架活性铁命运的控制,为研究现代和深时海洋的C-S-Fe生物地球化学循环提供了新的视角。

长江口和东海内陆架黏土矿物与黏土粒级碎屑矿物构成及物源指示意义

黏土矿物以及黏土粒级碎屑矿物颗粒细小、搬运距离远,是进行长江口及浙闽内陆架泥质区多物源示踪的良好指标。本研究利用改进的黏土矿物XRD(X射线衍射分析)预处理方法,制作了供多面XRD衍射分析的方形样品,实现了部分黏土矿物种的鉴定,结合黏土粒级中碎屑矿物鉴定,探讨了长江口及内陆架沉积物来源。研究表明:长江口及内陆架表层沉积物中的黏土矿物种属包括伊利石(含2M1、2M2两个多型)、高岭石、珍珠陶土、斜绿泥石以及弹性绿泥石,非黏土矿物主要有石英、钾长石、斜长石、白云石、铁白云石、方解石以及硬石膏。依据黏土矿物、黏土粒级碎屑矿物空间分布差异把长江口及东海内陆架划分为两个物源区:长江口及内陆架北部物源区、内陆架南部物源区,前者受废黄河物质影响,后者受浙闽中小河流物质影响。本研究表明来自苏北废黄河的沉积物不仅跨过了长江冲淡水进入长江水下三角洲,而且一直向南达到浙闽泥质区的北部。

8 ka来东海内陆架泥质区高分辨率沉积记录对东亚冬季风的响应

依据东海内陆架泥质区D03钻孔岩芯沉积物高分辨率粒度分析结果,筛选了对东亚冬季风有良好显示的敏感粒级,结合高精度年代框架,揭示了近8 ka以来东亚冬季风波动在泥质区的沉积记录,包括11个千年尺度的气候波动事件和5.4~4.9、1.8 kaBP以来的百年尺度的快速气候波动。与石笋、冰芯和泥炭的氧同位素曲线对比发现,东亚冬季风增强与世界范围的“8.2 ka”、“4.9 ka”、“3.8 ka”、“1.4 ka”和小冰期事件均有良好的对应关系,建立了全新世东亚冬季风增强与气候变冷事件的内在联系。8 ka以来东亚冬季风的演化大致可以分为3个阶段,即8.2~4.8 kaBP中高频波动期、4.8~1.8 kaBP波动较弱稳定期和1.8 kaBP以来的高频波动期。

东海内陆架泥质区台风沉积辨识的指标与方法研究

台风是当今人类社会面临的全球性重大环境灾害问题之一,但由于台风器测年限较短,限制了对台风长期演化机制的研究。沉积记录成为拓展台风记录时间跨度的重要载体,其中台风沉积的有效辨识是重要基础。尽管许多研究试图基于各种指标和方法来重建长时间尺度的台风活动,但目前仍缺少对台风沉积辨识指标与方法有效性的评估。本文以高分辨率的东海内陆架泥质区ZM02孔为载体,采用放射性同位素^(210)Pb和^(137)Cs定年法确定沉积物的年代序列。耦合器测记录和沉积记录,分析器测时期台风强度和频率与台风沉积敏感指标(如砂含量和D_(90))之间的对应关系,以期探讨台风沉积辨识指标和方法的有效性。结果显示,ZM02孔的平均沉积速率为0.97 cm/a,其上部4.5~100 cm的沉积年代为1917-2011年。砂含量和D_(90)均可作为东海内陆架泥质区台风沉积辨识的有效指标,阈值法的识别效果最好且稳定性高。砂含量可能是反映浙江海岸台风强度变化的潜在指标,而D_(90)则可能蕴含台风频率信息。这些认识有助于更准确地利用沉积记录去拓展台风记录的时间跨度,也有助于提高从沉积记录解译环境信息的能力。

末次冰消期以来东海内陆架古环境演化

通过对位于浙—闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔岩性、粒度以及AMS14C年代分析,探讨了研究区自末次冰消期以来的古沉积环境演化,认为是湖水或海水深度、气候变化等综合影响的结果。岩芯底部60.20～41.00m(17.3～13.1ka BP)为湖泊三角洲沉积序列,可划分为前三角洲—三角洲前缘—三角洲平原三个沉积亚相,物质来源主要是湖盆流域物质的输入。随着海平面的逐渐上升,海水自13.1ka BP开始侵入研究区,形成了41.00m的海相沉积地层,可划分为前滨—近滨—浅海三个沉积亚相,与海平面变化曲线具有良好的对应。自12.3ka BP开始,研究区受到沿岸流影响,长江物质开始影响研究区,7.3ka BP以来主要是来自长江的悬浮体在沿岸流作用下输送沉积而形成,稳定的泥质沉积物开始形成。全球性重要气候事件如新仙女木事件、8.2ka冷事件在东海内陆架沉积物中也得到了良好揭示。

东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义

通过分析东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的粒度、有机质(TOC)、常量元素氧化物(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O,P2O5,TiO2,MnO),探讨东海内陆架泥质区常量元素空间分布特征及其地质意义。结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物中常量元素氧化物组成较为稳定,含量最高的2种组分为SiO2和Al2O3,两者组分占沉积物总量的72%左右。常量元素氧化物的含量与沉积物类型密切相关,SiO2,CaO,P2O5倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中;Al2O3,K2O,MnO则倾向于富集在细颗粒沉积物中;而MgO,Na2O,Fe2O3和TiO2基本不受沉积物类型影响。R型因子分析结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的常量元素氧化物可以分为3组,第1组包括SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,TiO2,P2O5和MnO;第2组包括CaO,K2O,CaCO3和TOC;第3组包括Na2O,可能分别代表了陆源碎屑沉积、海洋生物沉积和海洋化学沉积。

东海内陆架沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及物源意义

对位于东海内陆架浙-闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔进行了岩性、粒度、稀土元素以及AMS14C年代分析,探讨了研究区自末次冰消期以来的物源变化及其原因。该孔岩性、粒度和稀土元素含量垂向上变化较大,平均粒径变化范围为8～121μm,ΣREE为152.8～227.9μg.g-1。沉积物球粒陨石和世界页岩标准化配分模式均表明研究区物质的陆源属性。根据稀土元素配分模式、稀土内部分馏差异以及与平均粒径的关系,分析认为,研究区17.3～12.3kaBP期间主要物质来源是湖盆流域物质;12.3～9.8kaBP是以湖盆流域物质为主向长江物质为主转变的过渡阶段;自大约10～9.8kaBP开始,长江物质对研究区形成了主导。海平面的升高以及沿岸流的形成是物质来源发生变化的重要原因。

中全新世以来东海内陆架泥质沉积物来源

利用判别函数、Eu异常与稀土元素总量关系(δEuN-ΣREEs)图解以及物源定量识别方法,对位于浙闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔常微量、稀土元素地球化学进行分析,利用14C测量加速器质谱仪(AMS14C)进行年龄测定,探讨东海内陆架EC2005孔泥质沉积物来源。结果表明:EC2005孔泥质沉积物主要来源于长江,其平均贡献量为93.7%,没有识别出黄河物质;历史时期黄河物质可以影响到29°N甚至于更为偏南的区域(南界为27°25'N),台湾海峡西北部则可以接受台湾物质的输入;浙闽沿岸泥质区物质来源具有一定的复杂性,值得进一步深入研究。

东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式

根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。

近2ka来东海内陆架泥质沉积物地球化学特征

对位于东海内陆架闽浙沿岸泥质区北部的DD2孔进行了粒度分析、AMS14C年龄测试和主元素、微量元素分析,讨论了各元素含量与粒度间的关系,采用R型因子分析探讨了它们间的组合关系。研究表明,近2ka来DD2孔绝大多数主元素和微量元素含量稳定;随粒径变细大部分元素的含量呈现增加的趋势,而Sr和SiO2的含量则呈现减少的趋势;CaO、Na2O、Hf、Zr和Ti等的含量与粒径相关性很差。因子分析的结果表明,DD2孔泥的化学组成可划分为4种组合类型:分别反映沉积物中元素分布的主要特点,样品未经洗盐前处理引起主元素和微量元素组合的变化,Zr、Hf和Nb元素富集于特定粒度组分(粉砂),及钙质生物组分的加入和早期成岩过程中元素的再分配性质等。初步分析表明,Rb、Cu、Ni、V、P、Sc、Fe2O3、Cr、K2O、Nb、Co、Th、Ti和Al2O3为DD2孔中相对不活动的元素,可以将它们与现代长江、黄河沉积物作对比,进行物源分析。Ti/Zr和Cr/Th比值指示该孔沉积物主要来自于花岗质物源区。