STABILITY OF INNOVATION DIFFUSION MODEL WITH NONLINEAR ACCEPTANCE

In this article, an innovation diffusion model with the nonlinear acceptance is proposed to describe the dynamics of three competing products in a market. It is proved that the model admits a unique positive equilibrium, which is globally stable by excluding the existence of periodic solutions and by using the theory of three dimensional competition systems.

STABILITY AND BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF A DELAYED INNOVATION DIFFUSION MODEL

In this article, a nonlinear mathematical model for innovation diffusion with stage structure which incorporates the evaluation stage （time delay） is proposed. The model is analyzed by considering the effects of external as well as internal influences and other demographic processes such as emigration, intrinsic growth rate, death rate, etc. The asymptotical stability of the various equilibria is investigated. By analyzing the exponential characteristic equation with delay-dependent coefficients obtained through the variational matrix, it is found that Hopf bifurcation occurs when the evaluation period （time delay, T） passes through a critical value. Applying the normal form theory and the center manifold argument, we de- rive the explicit formulas determining the properties of the bifurcating periodic solutions. To illustrate our theoretical analysis, some numerical simulations are also included.

An innovation diffusion model for consumer durables with three parameters

Strategic innovation diffusion converts newly created knowledge into increasing a firm’s value primarily through innovative product offerings.In this paper,we present a time-based adoption pattern with pricing and promotional expenditure as a three-dimensional innovation diffusion model(3D-IDM).In our proposed 3D-IDM,we assume that value of the product plays a crucial role of being the major driver of diffusion,and is classified into the following three main factors:(1)continuation time of the product in the market–representing goodwill of the product;(2)price of the product–indicating consumers’buying behaviour;and(3)marketing efforts of the firm.A special form of the Cobb–Douglas production function is used to design the three-dimensional framework.An empirical study is performed on number of consumer-durable sales data to validate and compare the proposed model.Various performance measures are treated uniquely using the Mahalanobis distance-based approach(DBA)to determine the relative strength of each model.

Policy Innovation Diffusion and PPP Spatial Distribution

Since 2014,PPP policy has been promoted rapidly in China.Based on the theory of policy innovation diffusion,this paper explores the formation mechanism of PPP spatial disequilibrium at the micro level using Chinese municipal-level panel data from 2014 to 2019.According to the research,the innovation diffusion of China’s PPP policy at the local-government level exhibits R-shaped non-progressive characteristics and is influenced by both internal and external factors.On the internal side,the debt pressure of local governments is an important determinant with an inverted U-shaped influence on PPP policy.On the external side,imitation and competition among neighboring local governments are the main external determinants.This spatial strategic interaction occurs not only in same-province regions with close proximity and similar economic development but also in different-province regions with close proximity.The above studies offer certain insights into optimizing the spatial distribution pattern of PPP and guarding against fiscal risks.

Examples Analysis under the New Situation of College English Teaching Reform Perspective of ＂Diffusion of Innovations＂

The purpose of college English teaching is to train students in listening, speaking, reading and writing English proficiency in all aspects. With the rapid development of society and innovative college English teaching concepts and models, the use of innovation diffusion theory is to guide the reform of college English teaching this subject into the spotlight. The use of innovative teaching mode diffusion theory can mobilize students a variety of sensory coordination and cooperation can be achieved to enhance English learning, to enhance the purpose of English proficiency. This paper will apply to the specific circumstances of innovation diffusion theory college English teaching reform of College English Teaching in the diffusion of innovation theory perspective.

Research on the Diffusion Model of Innovation

In this paper, the model of competing technologies diffusion was set up in order to analyze the relationship of competing technologies in diffusion process, and the stability of diffusion model with two kinds of competing technologies was analyzed. It is concluded that dominator can hold competing vantage by suppressing its opponent, and besides, whether competing technology can gain superiority in diffusion process depends on the success rates of technology diffusion when the two kinds of technology match each other in strength.

Diffusion mechanism simulation of cloud manufacturing complex network based on cooperative game theory

Cloud manufacturing is a specific implementation form of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy. Why and how to develop cloud manufacturing platform(CMP), however, remains the key concern of both platform operators and users. A microscopic model is proposed to investigate advantages and diffusion forces of CMP through exploration of its diffusion process and mechanism. Specifically, a three-stage basic evolution process of CMP is innovatively proposed. Then, based on this basic process, a more complex CMP evolution model has been established in virtue of complex network theory, with five diffusion forces identified. Thereafter, simulations on CMP diffusion have been conducted. The results indicate that, CMP possesses better resource utilization,user satisfaction, and enterprise utility. Results of simulation on impacts of different diffusion forces show that both the time required for CMP to reach an equilibrium state and the final network size are affected simultaneously by the five diffusion forces. All these analyses indicate that CMP could create an open online cooperation environment and turns out to be an effective implementation of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy.

Empirical Study of ＂Double Threshold＂ Modified Model on New Product Diffusion

The innovations actually diffuse among social network nowadays.Individual heterogeneity,interactions between individuals and network topology influence a lot.We established a "double threshold" modified model and took the number of neighbors,neighbors' adoption and the cost-benefit parameters as crucial influencing factors.The diffusion of DaLingTong(CDMA450)products in MeiShan city of SiChuan province during 2004 to 2007 has been used to verity the model on Matlab.The validation results fit the actual diffusion pattern of DaLingTong(CDMA450) products very well.The results indicate that there exists a "tipping point(threshold)" in the process of innovation diffusion.If the initial adoption quantity is larger than the tipping point,then the product will spread to a large portion of people,otherwise is will collapse to zero.The model can effectively predict the diffusion of new products,and can influence the diffusion process by changing the value of the parameters.

Optimal control of pricing strategy for diffusion model

This study presents a conceptual framework based on the new product diffusion and demand theory models. The proposed framework was creating a probability of demand function. Considering effectiveness of demand function transmitted by adopters, the optimal control policies of pricing are conducted according to the optimal control theorv.

Diffusion of Innovative Behavior of the Public Toward Preparing FEMKs:From Innovative Characteristics to Personal Risk Perception and Behavioral Intention

Objective:The study aims to apply diffusion of innovation theory and structural equation modeling(SEM)to explore the current situation of personal risk perception and preparation of family emergency medicine kits(FEMKs)in Shanxi Province during the period of COVID-19.Moreover,the study intends to analyze the impact of innovation characteristics and risk perception to provide reference for the future popularization of FEMKs and the formulation of relevant policies.Methods:A total of 1,606 permanent residents in Shanxi Province were selected as respondents.SEM was used to analyze the relationship among innovation characteristics,personal risk perception,and behavioral intention.Results:The results demonstrate that only observability(λ=0.968)exerted a significant direct impact on the public's behavior of preparing FEMKs.Personal risk perception(λ=0.334)can have a significant direct impact on behavioral intention.Relative advantage,compatibility,and convenience of use exerted significant impacts on behavioral intention by influencing individual perceived risk(mediating effects=0.237,0.892,and 1.044,respectively).Conclusion:Residents are undergoing a period of change(i.e.,from the contemplation to the preparation stage).Thus,innovative characteristics can directly influence the behavior or behavioral intention of preparing FEMKs by influencing the public's risk perception.In the future,studies should focus on publicity and education of the behavior of preparing FEMKs to increase the awareness of residents and effectively improve the FEMKs level of importance given to this behavior.

Consumer use intention of online financial products:the Yuebao example

Drawing on a valence framework and innovation diffusion theory,this study examines Yuebao deployment to model consumers’intention to use financial products offered online.We collect data via an online survey among a young age bracket and use a VisualPLS graphic interface to test our model.The results indicate that first,compatibility and advantages in relative utility significantly enhance consumers’use intentions and that ease of use has an indirect influence.Second,the negative utility of perceived risk no longer significantly affects intention to use.This mainly lies in consumers’perceived risk focused on the security of online financial products,which has become a part of all online transactions.Third,trust indirectly affects intention to use by influencing utility.

Overconfidence and the adoption of robo-advice:why overconfident investors drive the expansion of automated financial advice

Adaptive online platforms,powered by artificial intelligence,commonly referred to as robo-advice,steadily increase their market share.Yet these comparably new financial services are critically understudied.Little is known about why some investors adopt robo-advice for something as essential as asset allocation.The current paper tries to close this gap by shedding light on the causal effect of investor overconfidence on the propensity of using robo-advice.The study proposes a theoretical framework that combines the divergence of opinion hypothesis with consumer behavior insights and information technology diffusion research.The framework is empirically tested on the Investor Sample of the 2015 National Financial Capability Study,a subsample of 2000 US investors.The results from a series of generalized linear,structural,and semipara-metric models show that in a pre-chasm market,overconfident investors have a significantly higher propensity of adopting robo-advice.While higher financial literacy seems to decrease robo-advice uptake,unjustified confidence in one’s knowledge causally increases it.Willingness to take financial risk cannot account for the significantly increased adoption of robo-advice among overconfident investors.The findings help managers to better position robo-advice by offering behavioral insights into their user base.In addition,the results outline a managerial tool to take demand-side actions to increase the likelihood of an end-user innovation crossing the chasm.

Effects of environmentally friendly agricultural land protection programs: Evidence from the Lake Seyfe area of Turkey

fully supported by the Turkish Scientific Research Council （TUBITAK in Turkish, 110O747）

Frugal innovation and the digital divide:Developing an extended model of the diffusion of innovations

Based on diffusion of innovation(DOI)theory and economic consumption analysis as well as the concept of frugal innovation,this study develops an extended DOI model that theorizes the characteristics of the diffusion of frugal information communication technologies(ICTs)and their impacts on the Internet diffusion.This model posits that frugal digital ICTs diffuse more rapidly in developing countries than in developed countries and significantly bridge the digital divide between them.The diffusion of frugal smartphones is investigated as a case of the diffusion of frugal digital ICTs,which provides empirical evidence for the theoretical model presented herein.

Balance the Paradox between Limited Health Resources and Growing Demands for Medical Services

Health institutions in the People’s Republic of Chinaare under considerable challenge. Innovations in management systems may support the challenge to increase both efficiency and effectiveness. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is one such innova-tion. We have used a model to explore the factors that may impact the diffusion of the BSC in Chinese government hospitals. In particular, we concentrate on three factors — the outer context, the nature of the innovation and the communication and influence. The outer context and the nature of the innovation do provide an inducement to implement a BSC. The strength of the communica-tion and influence may affect the level of take-up. However, we recognise that they may choose the BSC not for any apparent technical excellence but for the legitimation that Western man-agement practices may bring to local managers.

Cluster-Based Advantages in the Innovation Process： The Diffusion of Nanotechnology in Two Chinese Cities

Researchers have shown that ＂cluster＂ is a more useful unit of analysis than ＂nation＂ in innovation studies. Clusters are characterized by interconnected organizations, shared resources and frequent knowledge flows. Within national boundaries, multiple clusters with different relative advantages may coexist, and exhibit very different innovation patterns. Yet, in studies of innovation in emerging economies, there remains little attention on cluster-based advantages, and how these advantages generate distinct patterns of innovation. To bridge this gap, this study analyzes the diffusion patterns of nanotechnology in two Chinese clusters--Beijing and Shanghai. With different relative advantages, the diffusion of nanotechnology has been oriented by different levels of ＂imitation＂ and ＂innovation＂ forces in the two Chinese clusters. This study applies the Bass Model to quantify imitation and innovation forces, and compare the resultant diffusion patterns of nanotechnology in the two clusters with other technologies. Supplementary qualitative data is also provided to show how Chinese scientists perceive their relative advantages in different clusters. Among other things, the findings suggest that scientists of emerging economies favor the learning-by-doing principle while utilizing external networks.

An Investigation on Telecommunication Staff＇s Acceptance of E-Learning Technology

As the information on telecommunication products updates rapidly, using E-learning in staff training becomes an edge for company operation. However, previous studies showed that staff＇s attitude toward E-learning significantly affected the outcomes of training. The purpose of this study is to investigate the acceptance of E-learning in a telecommunication company. The researchers adopted the technology acceptance model （TAM） and diffusion of innovation theory to evaluate the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on E-learning, in addition to employees＇ self-directed learning motivation, attitude toward computers, and organizational influence. We randomly chose 571 employees of the telecommunication entrepreneur at the Taichung office in Taiwan to participate in this survey. The result showed that employees＇ background factors such as age, job position, marital status, education level and the scale of job unit had the significant impact on behavioral intention to use E-learning. Employees＇ self-directed learning, attitude toward computers, and organizational influence respectively also had positive effects on perceived usefulness of E-learning and perceived ease of use of E-learning. Furthermore, employees＇ perceived usefulness of E-learning and perceived ease of use of E-learning also had a positive effect on behavioral intention to use E-learning systems.

Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） and Competitiveness： An Empirical Study

Globalisation and competitiveness affected the way of enterprises undertake innovation, particularly in the case of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs）. According with European Commission （2013） in Europe 99% of the enterprises is SMEs. SMEs all over the world are considered as the lifeblood of the economies. The importance of this research is justified by the predominance of SMEs that represents the majority of enterprises in Portugal. SMEs contribute to the creation of jobs, as well as to the competitiveness of the economies, specially, in crisis time. This study has two main objectives; firstly propose a literature review focused on competitiveness of SMEs. Secondly analysis a sample of 23 enterprises identified as leaders of Portuguese SMEs in 2012. The data considering a ranking list of the largest 1,000 Portuguese SMEs in 2012, published by Exame （2013）. This analysis considers some SMEs features such as, sales, market share, dimension, and sector. Additionally this research presents a SME case included in this database. Through the application of a questionnaire the study provides a complementary micro perspective of the factors that influences enterprises competitiveness. The questionnaire is divided into three parts： Part one refers to the characterization of the enterprise; Part two assesses the entrepreneurial competitiveness, considering nine questions to assess performance, six questions to assess internal processes and four questions to understand the relations with customers; and part three analyses the diffusion of innovation through three questions. Finally the study provides important clues relevant for the development of public policies that can support the innovation and competitiveness of SMEs. Moreover the discussions highlight some variables approached in literature review considered as pertinent in the case of innovative SME due to their contribution to exports and to economic growth.

Two-warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items with demand influenced by innovation criterion in growing technology market

One of the major concerns for the technology market is the demand volatility andits impact on inventory policies. Demand volatility in the technology sector mayarise due to many factors namely customer choices, competition, growingmarket size, and so on. Often companies use rented warehouses to absorb anyfluctuations in demand. Unfortunately, warehouse and inventory researchesignore the phenomenon of growing market size to formulate policy decisions. Inthis paper, we proposed a two-warehouse inventory model with deterioration fortechnology products with linearly increasing market size where demand followsinnovation diffusion criterion. The model is based on the assumption that theholding costs in the rented warehouse are more than the own warehouse. Asimple solution procedure also discussed to solve nonlinear cost function.Numerical example and sensitivity analysis are also used to describe the utilityof the model.

Diffusion of municipal wastewater treatment technologies in China： a collaboration network perspective

The diffusion of municipal wastewater treatment technology is vital for urban environment in developing countries. China has built more than 3000 municipal wastewater treatment plants in the past three decades, which is a good chance to understand how technologies diffused in reality. We used a data-driven approach to explore the relationship between the diffusion of wastewater treatment technologies and collaborations between organizations. A database of 3136 municipal wastewater treatment plants and 4634 collaborating organizations was built and transformed into networks for analysis. We have found that： 1）.the diffusion. networks are assortative, arid the .pattems of diffusion vary across technologies; while the collaboration networks are fragmented, and have an assortativity around zero since the 2000s. 2） Important projects in technology diffusion usually involve central organizations in collaboration networks, but organizations become more central in collaboration by doing circumstantial projects in diffusion. 3）The importance of projects in diffusion can be predicted with a Random Forest-model at a good accuracy and precision level. Our findings provide a quantitative understanding of the technology diffusion processes, which could be used for waterrelevant policy-making and business decisions.