Cultivation Path of Nursing Undergraduates’Scientific Research and Innovation Ability

Objective: The cultivation of the innovation ability and scientific research is one of the nursing learning objectives for undergraduate students. To explore the method and effect of training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332”. Methods: Three course learning modules are constructed: stage-based course learning module, systematic project practice training module and comprehensive practice training module. A practical training platform for scientific research innovation projects is built, and undergraduate scientific research innovation ability training is carried out from both in-class and out-of-class lines. Results: Since 2017, the students have obtained 7 national innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, 52 university-level undergraduate scientific research projects, published more than 10 academic papers, and obtained 2 patent authorization. Conclusions: The training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332” is conducive to the development of scientific research innovation ability of nursing students, and to cultivate nursing talents who can adapt to the development of the new era and have better post competence.

Construction and Research of Evaluation Indicator System for Technological Innovation Performance

In view of sci-tech innovation and innovation-driving requirements of Chinese President Xi Jinping,it is necessary to establish a complete evaluation indicator system for technological innovation performance in Guizhou Province,to accurately evaluate development situation of technological innovation in Guizhou Province,promote close connection of science and technology with economy,and boost rapid development of national economy. In Guizhou Province,there is still no complete evaluation indicator system for technological innovation performance, so it is impossible to comprehensively reflect its technological innovation situation. On the basis of analyzing regional technological innovation and development of Guizhou Province,this paper presents evaluation principles,analysis framework and evaluation methods and gives countermeasures and recommendations for evaluation indicator system for technological innovation performance in Guizhou Province.

Cultivation Path of Nursing Undergraduates’ Scientific Research and Innovation Ability

Objective:The cultivation of the innovation ability and scientific research is one of the nursing learning objectives for undergraduate students.To explore the method and effect of training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on“3332”.Methods:Three course learning modules are constructed:stage-based course learning module,systematic project practice training module and comprehensive practice training module.A practical training platform for scientific research innovation projects is built,and undergraduate scientific research innovation ability training is carried out from both in-class and out-of-class lines.Results:Since 2017,the students have obtained 7 national innovation and entrepreneurship training programs,52 university-level undergraduate scientific research projects,published more than 10 academic papers,and obtained 2 patent authorization.Conclusions:The training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on“3332”is conducive to the development of scientific research innovation ability of nursing students,and to cultivate nursing talents who can adapt to the development of the new era and have better post competence.

Exploration of Scientific Research Mentorship on the Cultivation of Undergraduate Students Innovation Ability

In order to improve the quality of undergraduate training and cultivate students innovation ability,more and more colleges and universities are implementing the research mentorship system among undergraduates.The study summarizes the main role of mentorship on the cultivation of innovation ability,analyzes the problems in the implementation of mentorship,and proposes corresponding solutions.

Problems and Suggestions for the Scientific Research Management System of Universities

The revolution of science and technology in the new era is rising.New industries,formats,and models led by information technology are emerging.Scientific research has entered the fourth data-intensive paradigm.As an important part of the science and technology innovation system,universities also have new requirements for their scientific research management system.In this article,it is suggested that the efficiency and quality of scientific research management in universities could be enhanced by reconstructing the organizational structure of scientific research management,improve the service capabilities of scientific research managers,perfecting the scientific research evaluation system,and innovating the management model of cross-research teams.

Research on Scientific Research Performance Evaluation in Colleges and Universities Based on Malmquist Index

Scientific research is of vital importance to the development of colleges and universities.Scientific evaluation of the scientific research performance of colleges and universities,especially the study of their dynamic performance in different time ranges,can not only promote the progress of scientific research in colleges and universities,but also contribute to the rational allocation of national educational resources.Based on the Malmquist index,using the panel data of the five-year period from 2012 to 2016,this paper evaluates the changes in the research performance of China’s colleges and universities,analyzes the influencing factors of total factor productivity changes from three perspectives of time series,comparison of colleges and universities,and regional analysis,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions.

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

Problems of Agricultural Technological Innovation in China and Countermeasures

Major problems of agricultural technological innovation in China were summarized as below: first,poor agricultural science and technology system; second,deficient technological promotion system; third,shortage of agricultural professionals; fourth,serious shortage of science and technology input. In view of these problems,the following suggestions were given to improve the innovation of agricultural technology in China. ( 1) Restructuring agricultural research institutes,establishing cooperative innovation centers,improving agricultural technological innovation system; ( 2) Specifying the direction of research projects,improving scientific research level of technicians,so as to improve the agricultural technological innovation capacity; ( 3) Improving promotion and service stations in towns,organizing technological service teams of agricultural universities and colleges,establishing agricultural technological promotion systems; ( 4) Increasing input in agricultural technological innovation by attracting government input,enterprise investment and other financial support; ( 5) Cultivating more talents of agricultural technology,training leading agricultural technicians,grassroots agricultural service staff and practical talents.

科技创新平台研究的知识架构与时空向度——基于Web of Science与CiteSpace的文献计量分析

科技创新平台是驱动创新的有效载体。与世界主要科技创新强国相比,中国科技创新平台存在资源共享机制不健全、主体间关联性和依存度不足等问题,有必要对已有文献研究经验进行批判性学习。结合经典平台理论研究,运用CiteSpace软件,对1956—2021年国际上有关科技创新平台研究进行系统性回顾,并探析其研究趋势。研究发现:国际上有关科技创新平台的研究经历了资源整合(1956—1981年),到关注资源承载者的多边架构(1982—2007年),再到协调平台多参与者的创新生态(2008年至今)3个阶段。由此建议未来研究进一步挖掘科技创新平台中平台一词的含义,识别平台的模块化架构、网络效应以及多层平台的属性;深入开展科技创新平台治理研究,包括基于模块化经典理论、社会学习的视角等探寻平台的构建策略与基于利益相关者理论、元组织视角以及平台生命周期视角探讨平台的生态化发展策略研究;关注面向公众开放的DIY实验室(do-it-yourself laboratories)、数字赋能的开放式创新平台等体现创新民主化的科技创新平台新形式。

Exploration on New Ideas for the Scientific Research Archival Management in Colleges and Universities

Scientific research archives are important parts of the archival management in colleges and universities. Scientific research archives are the direct, harsh but factual historical materials for recording the research process of researchers. A scientific and effective management of archives is helpful for promoting the development and progress of science and technology in colleges and universities. The archives can be better managed only if the train of thought for scientific research archives management ideas is known well.

顺应信息化时代探讨中医药研究生科研能力培养模式

具有较强科研能力的中医药研究生是中医药文化、中医药继承创新的有力保障。过去几年,中医药研究生教育因疫情长期开展线上教学的经历提示,利用“信息化”背景下的优秀资源,多途径培养科研能力优秀的研究生是时代的需求,更是各中医类高校需面对的挑战。文章在信息化技术支撑下,立足于理论学习,重视科研项目和科研平台的培养作用,探索当代中医药研究生科研能力培养的新模式,旨在使中医药研究生科研能力培养顺应时代发展并更具科学性,形成行之有效的培养创新能力的方法与途径。

人工智能聊天机器人对科研成果与人才评价的影响研究——基于ChatGPT、Microsoft Bing视角分析

美国开放人工智能研究中心(OpenAI)研发的人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT,基于“生成预训练转换器”(GPT)语言模型能够理解和响应自然语言输入,于2022年11月30日正式发布,短时间内在全球互联网界、学术界及产业界引发热议和关注。以ChatGPT、Microsoft Bing为代表的人工智能聊天机器人基于超大海量数据,采用“从人类反馈中强化学习”(RLHF)进行训练,主要具有三大功能:智能交互对话、智能文本生成、智能文献爬取。人工智能聊天机器人的核心竞争力是采用人工智能生成内容技术(AIGC)而具有强大的内容生成或文本生成能力,除能够生成一般应用性文稿外,还能够从事科学写作,从而引领和推动知识生产方式和学术研究范式变革,知识生产和学术研究进程将显著提速,知识生产者将从非创造性劳动中获得解放,知识生产方式将由“手动式”“半自动式”迈向“自动化”“智能化”。这种变革对传统的科研成果评价机制将产生重大影响,更进一步将对通过科研成果进行人才评价产生重大影响。大体上说,以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能聊天机器人应用于学术研究中,将遮蔽成果演化学术史,影响科研成果创新性评价;挑战知识产权保护制度,影响科研成果权属认定;带来学术伦理风险,影响科研成果评价生态;冲击人才评价基本标准,影响人才评价客观性。鉴于人工智能的渗透性、扩散性和颠覆性,首先要在思想认识上积极面对而不是消极应对,用其所长、避其所短,审慎使用,着力发挥其促进知识生产、推动学术进步的积极作用;其次,要抓住现行相关法规制度与快速进步的人工智能技术之间发展不平衡的矛盾,进一步完善制度、设置“护栏”,规范使用;第三,要推动技术开源,公开其智能生成逻辑,增强人工智能聊天机器人的技术可信度;第四,要建立人机协作机制,既发挥技术的数据处理优势,又发挥人的理性思维优势,最终由人把关知识生产、科研成果及人才评价。

A Criteria-based Assessment of the Coverage of Scopus and Web of Science

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the coverage of the scientific literature in Scopus and Web of Science from the perspective of research evaluation.Design/methodology/approach: The academic communities of Norway have agreed on certain criteria for what should be included as original research publications in research evaluation and funding contexts. These criteria have been applied since 2004 in a comprehensive bibliographic database called the Norwegian Science Index(NSI). The relative coverages of Scopus and Web of Science are compared with regard to publication type, field of research and language.Findings: Our results show that Scopus covers 72 percent of the total Norwegian scientific and scholarly publication output in 2015 and 2016, while the corresponding figure for Web of Science Core Collection is 69 percent. The coverages are most comprehensive in medicine and health(89 and 87 percent) and in the natural sciences and technology(85 and 84 percent). The social sciences(48 percent in Scopus and 40 percent in Web of Science Core Collection) and particularly the humanities(27 and 23 percent) are much less covered in the two international data sources. Research limitation: Comparing with data from only one country is a limitation of the study, but the criteria used to define a country's scientific output as well as the identification of patterns of field-dependent partial representations in Scopus and Web of Science should be recognizable and useful also for other countries. Originality/value: The novelty of this study is the criteria-based approach to studying coverage problems in the two data sources.

Agricultural research for development: Investing in Uzbekistan’s future

The paper addresses challenges on organization and funding of research and development (http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=110&t=4200527_2_1&sc=0 R&D) in the agricultural sector. The necessity of modernization and reequipment of agricultural sector was validated, which is important sector in the economy of Uzbekistan. The paper covers issues on increasing investments in agricultural research, implementation of results of research work into the agriculture production, strengthening of innovative activities. Also, the possibility of nonstate budgetary financing of scientificresearch process in the agrarian sector was considered. Author’s view is given on the main directions of science that need to be supported as a foundation of further development of agricultural R&D and as a result the agricultural production.

Study on Training Ways of Marine Science and Technology Talents Based on Behavior Analysis

Firstly,the behavior of marine science and technology talents,such as scientific research,innovation,agglomeration and flow behavior,was analyzed,and then the problems in the training of marine science and technology talents were discussed.Finally,the training ways of marine science and technology talents were proposed.

实验教学中心在科研训练和学科竞赛管理方面的探索与实践

创新型人才培养是实现高水平科技自立自强的必然要求,大学生的科研训练和实验竞赛对创新型人才培养发挥了重要作用。本文结合中山大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心建设的实际情况,对近年来组织实施本科生开展创新实验项目和学科竞赛的情况、遇到的问题及取得的成效进行介绍和分析,探讨实验教学中心如何发挥资源优势,更好地管理和组织本科生的科研训练和学科竞赛,有效培养大学生的科研思维和实践能力,进一步提升创新型人才的培养水平。

基于Web of Science数据库高水平论文的中日大学科研实力比较与探析

科研成果的重要表现形式是论文,而衡量一所高校科研水平最基本的指标则之一是论文数量,其在一定程度上能反映高校的科研实力。基于Web of Science数据库论文,本文对中日两国第一集团大学(各9所)和顶级大学的论文分布领域和数量进行数据对比和分析。通过数据比较,分析中日两国高校在科研水平上的现状、差距和不足。

“人工智能+X”背景下医学生科研创新能力培养探究

在新时代人工智能背景下,“人工智能+医疗”复合型人才的需求不断增加,本研究对医学生教育培养现状进行了分析,从个性化培养、多元融合培养、科研团队协作、多学科实践向导等层面提出了“人工智能+X”医学生科研创新能力培养模式及应用构架,并对该模式的实践应用进行了探讨,为实现人工智能对医学教学的赋能和改革提供思路。

数据和需求双重驱动的高校图书馆精细化科研评价服务研究--以北京师范大学图书馆为例

文章以北京师范大学图书馆为例,介绍了数据和需求双重驱动的精细化科研评价服务实践和取得的创新与突破,梳理了全生命周期科研成果数据管理方案,总结了基于管理决策需求、学科和学院需求、学术研究需求、人才评估需求和社会用户需求形成的多元科研评价需求体系,以及在此基础上提供的评价服务。旨在分享交流高校图书馆科研评价服务的经验,为提高服务质量,促进高校加强科研管理,以及进一步开展相关问题研究提供思路和参考。

科学治理视域下的我国开放科学实践:现状、动力与对策

信息化、数字化、网络化背景下的开放科学运动正不断重构当代科学知识的生产方式。世界范围内开放科学的快速发展对我国来说既是重要的战略机遇,又是前所未有的巨大挑战。开放科学是一个包含政府、科研资助与管理机构、高新企业、出版商、科学共同体、科学组织、社会公众等众多行动者的复杂网络系统,其推进过程伴随着异质性行动者间利益关系的不断调适和重建。研究认为,我国的开放科学实践需解决好强化国家层面的战略规划、调整科研评价指标体系、完善开放科学基础设施、重构科研资助模式、提升开放科学的参与技能等几个方面的关键问题。