Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

Rural sustainable development:A case study of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone in China

Sustainable development is the central theme of modern global development.With the arrival of the urban era,the vulnerability and instability of rural areas have significantly increased,and rural sustainable development faces serious challenges.To address these issues,the study took the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone in China under the National Sustainable Development Agenda as a case,combined with economic,social and land use data during 2016-2020,and applied Granger causality test method to explore the theoretical and practical pathways of“innovation-driven rural sustainable development”.The results showed that rural sustainable development and economic sustainability displayed a trend of synergistic change,with“explosive”growth from 2018 to 2020.The social sustainability steadily increased from 2016 to 2020.Ecological and spatial sustainability continuously declined during the study period.Moreover,the rural innovation capacity of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone displayed rapid growth during 2016-2020.Although the rural innovation capacity of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone has rapidly improved,it has a weak driving effect on rural sustainable development and economic sustainability.There are two primary challenges that must be overcome to ensure the rural sustainable development of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone.The first challenge is the imbalance among the multi-dimensional relationships in the process of rural sustainable development,and the second challenge is the weakening of rural innovation capacity to drive rural sustainable development.To overcome these challenges,this study proposed a systematic pathway for rural sustainable development in the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone from multidimensions,such as policy actions,technologies,projects,and institutional guarantees,and formed a universal and representative“Zaozhuang model”.This study expands the theoretical foundation of rural sustainable development and provides theoretical and practical support for innovation-driven rural sustainable development.

The Supply-Demand Analysis and Mechanism Innovation of Chinese Rural Public Goods

The connotation of rural public goods is expounded.The rural public goods refer to the products and labors that satisfy the production and living of rural residents,economic growth and social progress.The rural public goods is characterized by non-excludability,non-competitiveness and indispensability of other general public goods.The supply situation of Chinese government to rural public goods is analyzed,as well as the demand situation of rural public goods,which includes farmers' demand on training,the assistance demand of rural weak groups,farmers' demand on comfortable living conditions and farmers' demand on "soft" public goods.The paths for innovating the supply mechanism of rural public goods are put forward,which cover perfecting the decision mechanism of public goods supply;scientifically distributing the supply responsibility of rural public goods;facilitating the reform of each supporting equipment and exploring the multiple capital collecting channels of rural public goods.

Cross-sectional population based study ascertaining the characteristics of US rural adults with mental health concerns who perceived a stigma regarding mental health issues

Introduction: Mental health is an important component of overall health. Mental illness is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and is associated with chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis. In the US, most people with mental health issues or disorders remain untreated. Epidemiological studies have identified rural residents as being at greater risk for health disparities;as a result, rural residents are a vulnerable population in terms of mental health and mental health care. Research has demonstrated that perceived stigma can be a significant barrier to rural residents seeking mental health care. This study examined the research question: What are the characteristics of US rural adults with mental health concerns who perceived stigma? Methods: 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate techniques to answer the research question. 2007 BRFSS data were used because in that year non-institutionalized US adults in 37 states and territories were queried about their attitudes toward mental illness. BRFSS is a random digit telephone survey that uses a complex multi-stage sampling approach and subsequently a weighting factor is calculated for application to the data in order to ensure that they are representative of the US population based on the most recent census data. Only weighted data were analyzed. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that rural adults reporting mental health concerns who perceived stigma regarding mental health were more likely to be unemployed seeking work or not working and not seeking work, military veterans, or to have deferred medical care because of cost. They were also more likely to not have a health care provider and to rarely or never feel supported emotionally. Conclusions: Support systems may render people with mental health issues less vulnerable to perceiving stigma, thus assisting with removing stigma as a barrier to care. Pharmacist may play a role as support in communities, especially where access to health care providers may be limited.

Development Path for Rural Tourism of Henan Province from the Perspective of Innovation

According to innovation theory and research on innovation of rural tourism development,innovation theory is of great guiding significance for rural tourism development of Henan Province. At present,rural tourism development in Henan Province has made outstanding achievements,but there are still problems: innovation concept of rural tourism is not scientific; product lacks consolidation,industrial chain is not perfect,and public service level of tourism is relatively low. In order to realize optimization and upgrade of rural tourism in Henan Province,it is recommended to make innovation of development path and take development paths such as innovation of development concept,product innovation,industrial structure innovation of rural tourism,and public service innovation for rural tourism.

The Difficulties and Mechanism Innovation of Constructing China's Rural Multiplex Financial System

This paper expounds the necessity of constructing China's rural multiplex financial system as follows.First,overcome the bottleneck effect arising from the shortage of capital in the process of development of rural small and medium-sized enterprise,and increase farmers' income;second,provide capital support for rural modern industrial development,and promote rural economic development;third,rationally allocate capital,master the money flow and coordinate urban-rural development.The paper also profoundly analyzes the difficulties of constructing China's rural multiplex financial system as follows.First,the existing rural financial system structure is irrational and the function is unsound;second,non-governmental financial market is disorderly and the organization is unsound;third,the rural financial system is simple and the overhaul of rural credit cooperatives system has not yet been done;fourth,the construction of rural system of financial laws and regulations is laggard,and the construction of rural multiplex financial system lacks good social environment.The specific thoughts,measures and countermeasures of constructing mechanism innovation of China's rural multiplex financial system are put forward as follows.First,increasingly perfect legal system and provide legal support for constructing China's rural multiplex financial system;second,quicken the overhaul of rural credit cooperatives system and perfect its function in China's rural multiplex financial system;third,strengthen the degree of support and development,and change the situation of simple structure of rural financial system;fourth,reinforce administrative supervision and perfect public services,and standardize the rural financial market order.

Exploration of Development Status and Trend of Three Elements of Rural Areas in the New Era to Protect Achievements in Poverty Alleviation

The three rural issues of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are important strategic issues in China’s development, are an important foundation for the agricultural country to realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Under the new situation of great victory in poverty alleviation, it is necessary to protect the fruits of victory and strengthen the construction of new countryside in the new era. From the current development situations of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, this paper explored the development trend of three elements, to provide a feasible path for protecting the achievements in poverty alleviation, and provide certain ideas for workers engaged in agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

The Value Orientation of the Legal System Innovation in Rural Financial Organizations in China

The process of new-type urbanization in China has changed the rural financial demand pattern,for which the peasant household is the subject,and caused its financial demand to change and increase at the same time. As the subject of the rural financial supply, rural financial organizations have to accelerate their institutional innovation and innovation of financial products and services,only through which can they break the financial bottleneck in the process of urbanization. Legislation is the only route for the rural financial organizational system construction and perfection in China. The formation of legal system of rural financial organizations is influenced by factors such as politics,economy and system,as well as the real demand of the rural financial subject,so the value orientation takes on a paradoxical movement of coexistence,competition and integration,which is in great need of more value consensus through system practice and enhancement of management concept for rural financial organizations.

Research on Innovation of Rural Tourism Development Mode under New Situation

Through analysis on problems emerging during rural tourism development,the paper pointed out that the predicament of rural tourism development lied in aging,homogenization and initialization of tourist products.Then,it further analyzed reasons causing such predicament,and emphasized three aspects which were similarity and relative stability of tourist resources,dispersiveness and non-professionalization of development subjects,restriction and substitutability of industrial factors.On this basis,it discussed innovative strategies to solve these problems,and pointed out that innovation was the key to promote transformation and upgrading of rural tourism.The major tasks of rural tourism innovation were promoting villagers' innovative ability construction,building innovative agriculture and characteristic villages,exploring operation model of rural tourism cooperation,relying on leading enterprises and agricultural park,pushing land transfer and tourist land reform,and introducing large enterprises to development new programs.

Coal mining in northeast India： an overview of environmental issues and treatment approaches

Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.

A Preliminary Investigation of Smart Rural Water Distribution Systems in the Gambia

An estimated one-third of water points in rural sub-Saharan Africa are non-functioning at any one time because of lack of upkeep. Communities are left without access to clean drinking water and this has multiple knock-on developmental impacts. An innovative pre-payment and Internet-of-Things enabled “e-Tap” based water technology and management system cycles revenue back into operation and maintenance and collects accurate and real-time data on consumption and tap failures. This has been operational in the Gambia since April 2016. Preliminary research has begun on evaluating this innovation. Technical tests were conducted to examine the efficiency of the e-Tap under varying conditions. Water use trends were then analysed by using the cloud-collected data transmitted from operational e-Taps. Further, baseline sveys to investigate social parameters were undertaken on 20 user households. This exploratory research shows the e-Taps to work efficiently in the laboratory and the Gambia with negligible failures, and to reduce distances users must travel for clean water and time they spend collecting.

Issues concerning Migrant Workers' Participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Countermeasures——Based on the Survey in Wenjiang District and Jintang County, Chengdu City

We conduct questionnaire survey of migrant workers in Wenjiang District and Jintang County of Chengdu City,respectively,using the method of key-point investigation and the sampling survey. We describe the status quo of the sample migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,analyze the issues concerning migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,and put forward the countermeasures and recommendations as follows: using many types of medical insurance; establishing universal reimbursement points in strange land and premium-paying system for migrant workers; making the proportion of reimbursement open and transparent; establishing and improving medicare security system for migrant workers.

Chinese Rural Comprehensive Reform:Theoretical Innovation,Key Contradictions and Countermeasures

As a systematic project, Chinese rural comprehensive reform （hereinafter referred to as ＂the reform＂） involved multiple dimensions such as rural governance, economy, culture, society and ecology, which laid a solid foundation for the overall reform in China. Western rural development theory had been proved to be insufficient to support Chinese rural reform. Therefore, theoretical innovation became urgent in the fields of rural governance, government functions, public finance and rural-urban integration etc. In recent years, Chinese rural comprehensive reform had been adjusting itself to the requirements of the ＂new normal＂. And during the process of agricultural modernization, the bottlenecks included the contradictory relationships between reform, development and overall stability, agricultural simplification and industrial diversification, economic development and environmental protection, rapid development of urban areas and slow progress of rural areas, grassroots governance and democratic supervision etc. Proper countermeasures would help to settle the above contradictions.

Implementation Path of Green Vocational Education in Guangxi Under the Background of Rural Revitalization:Taking Civil Engineering Major as an Example

Green vocational education is a proactive response to the social objectives of sustainable development,building upon traditional vocational education.It serves as a crucial means to achieve sustainable development in both urban and rural areas.Green vocational education plays a significant role in cultivating diverse talents for rural revitalization.Therefore,there are corresponding pathways for implementing civil engineering talent training.This paper examines the current state of green vocational education development in Guangxi within the context of rural revitalization and proposes an implementation pathway based on civil engineering majors.These findings provide valuable insights towards realizing the integration and transformation of green vocational education.

Discussion on Rural Finanical Problems From the Perspective of Theory of Constaint

Inadequate rural financial services and low service efficiency lead to the situation that a large sum of money flows from rural areas to urban areas through commercial banks. The situation goes against the development of rural production and causes the extreme lack of rural capital, the difficuties in loaning and the prevalence of uaurious loan. In view of the problems exsited in rural financial system, the rural financial developmental trend, rural gross production, rural financial scale and rural financial efficiency from 1983 to 2008 are empirically analyzed by using the Pagano model in endogenous growth theory. The research assumes that, rural financial scale has positive relation with rural economic output, that is to say, the expansion of rural fiancial scale can facilitate the development of rural economy; the rural financial efficiency has negative relation with rural economic development. In Chinese rural areas, the economic development still relies on the expansion of rural fianance. However, at the same time of increasing the financial scale, the efficiency of rural finance is deceasing gradually. Thus, the support of rural finance on rural economic growth lies at the low level. Therefore, in view of the basic rerequisite of rural economic development, two solutions are adopted and Japanese and Kereaon experince are used. The measures are as follows. First, conducting organization innovation through promoting new village construction and gathering dispersed farmers to form rural cooperative organization to reduce trasaction cost. Second, transforming financial support from exogeneity to endogenity and marketizing rural finance so as to effectively solve the efficiency of rural finance.

Strengthening the protection of environmental quality in rural areas - in the Perspective of lack of rigid institutional awareness

With the rapid economic development, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. Not just urban, rural environmental problems are more and more serious. Rural environmental problems, which is not only relevant to ecological livelihood, but also an important part of building a new socialist countryside country. This article focuses on the rural environmental problem which remains unresolved. We can explain it from the lack of rigid institutional awareness.

Exploration and Discussion on Rural Financial Innovation in the New Period

With the deepening of urban and rural planning,in the new period,if rural financial development wants to adapt to the development trend of society,it needs to carry out corresponding innovations to improve the rural economy and promote urban and rural construction.This paper mainly analyzes the necessity of rural financial innovation in the new period,the problems existing in rural financial development and the rural financial innovation strategy in the new period for reference.

Ecological Significance in Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift and Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas

In expounding the historical conditions of " two necessities",Marx profoundly criticized the consequence of capitalist mode of production to society and ecology. Through the analysis of the capitalist relations of production,Marx systematically completed the viewpoint system about the material circulation of nature and human society,and foresaw the ecological consequences of capitalism to the world scientifically,taking ecology and mode of production as an organic whole. Since the socialism with Chinese characteristics entered into the new era,facing the serious ecological problems in the countryside in the process of modernization,the Party and the state,through the latest interpretation of the basic principles of Marxism,have creatively replaced the unsustainable poverty-alleviation policy with the targeted poverty-alleviation policy,thus making it have an important ecological orientation in the practice of poverty-alleviation in the countryside.

Rural institutional transformation since the foundation of PRC and its prospects

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 60 years ago, the country has experienced profound institutional transformation, which includes various milestones such as "land to the tiller," the People's Commune, household contract responsibility system and a new approach to rural administration. Before reform and opening-up in 1978, China's rural reform was primarily a mandatory process, and after 1978, it became an induced process. In the future, rural institutional transformation still enjoys a broad prospect and must be deepened, and the focus is to advance the relocation of rural surplus labor, establish a land use system and improve rural public services. Institutional urbanrural divide must be eliminated to promote integrated socioeconomic development of urban and rural areas.

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.