China to Construct An Innovative country in 2020

The National Mid and Long Period Program on Scientific and Technology Developmentstresses that by 2020, the ratio of contribution of China' s scientific and technology progress to the economic growth should be improved to60%, the ratio of R & D investment in GDP should be improved to 2.5%……

The Characteristics and Countermeasures of Technology Innovation in LDCs

There are two significant characteristics of LDCs＇ technology innovation： one is original innovation substituted by imitation and adaptive innovation, and the other is government guiding innovation. From the experiences of LDCs after World War Two, the key to achieve effective technology innovation exits in two facts： technological capability of innovation and reaction mechanism of innovation induction~

Hierarchy, clusters, and spatial differences in Chinese inter-city networks constructed by scientific collaborators

The Chinese urban system is currently experiencing a fundamental shift, as it moves from a size-based hierarchy to a network-based system. Contemporary studies of city networks have tended to focus on economic interactions without paying sufficient attention to the issue of knowledge flow. Using data on co-authored papers obtained from China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database （CAJNPD） during 2014-2016, this study explores several features of the scientific collaboration network between Chinese mainland cities. The study concludes that： （1） the spatial organization of scientific cooperation amongst Chinese cities is shifting from a jurisdiction-based hierarchical system to a networked system; and （2） several highly intra-connected city regions were found to exist in the network of knowledge, and such regions had more average internal linkages （14.21） than external linkages （8.69）, and higher average internal linkage degrees （14.43） than external linkage degrees （10.43）; and （3） differences existed in terms of inter-region connectivity between the Western, Eastern, and Central China regional networks （the average INCD of the three regional networks were 109.65, 95.81, and 71.88）. We suggest that China should engage in the development of regional and subregional scientific centers to achieve the goal of building an innovative country. Whilst findings reveal a high degree of concentration in those networks - a characteristic which reflects the hierarchical nature of China＇s urban economic structure - the actual spatial distribution of city networks of knowledge flow was found to be different from that of city networks based on economic outputs or population.

The COVID-19 pandemics and the relevance of biosafety facilities for metagenomics surveillance, structured disease prevention and control

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic represents an enormous challenge to all countries,regardless of their development status.The manipulation of its etiologic agent SARS-CoV-2 requires a biosafety containment level 3 laboratories(BSL-3)to understand virus biology and in vivo pathogenesis as well as the translation of new knowledge into the preclinical development of vaccines and antivirals.As such,BSL-3 facilities should be considered an integral part of any public health response to emerging infectious disease prevention,control and management.Differently from BSL-2,BSL-3 units vary considerably along the range from industrialized to the least developed countries.Innovative Developing Countries(IDCs)such as Brazil,which excelled at controlling the 2015-2017 Zika epidemic,had to face a serious flaw in its disease control and prevention structure:the scarcity and uneven geographic distribution of its BSL-3 facilities,including those for preclinical animal experimentation.