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Nanoparticles and their crosstalk with stress mitigators:A novel approach towards abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural systems
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作者 Ali Raza Khan Abdul Salam +8 位作者 Guanlin Li Babar Iqbal Zaid Ulhassan Qunlu Liu Wardah Azhar Fiza Liaquat Iftikhar Hussain Shah Syed Shams ul Hassan Daolin Du 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1280-1298,共19页
Plants are exposed to adverse environmental conditions,including cold,drought,heat,salinity,and heavy metals,which negatively impact plant growth and productivity of edible crops worldwide.Although the previous litera... Plants are exposed to adverse environmental conditions,including cold,drought,heat,salinity,and heavy metals,which negatively impact plant growth and productivity of edible crops worldwide.Although the previous literature summarized the nanoparticle's involvement in abiotic stress mitigation,the interaction of nanoparticles with other stress mitigators to overcome abiotic stress from plants remains unclear.Currently,nanotechnology is considered a growing new field in agriculture for understanding plants'adapted stress tolerance mechanisms.Recent research has shown that nanoparticles can effectively mitigate abiotic stress by interacting synergistically with plant growth regulators.To address this,we comprehensively demonstrated the combined positive potential of nanoparticles in combination with plant growth regulators(signaling molecules,phytohormones,nanoparticles-nanoparticles interaction,fungi,plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and other metal salts)to improve plant growth and mitigate abiotic stresses.Their co-applications augment the plant's growth,nutrient uptake,antioxidant defense system,water absorption,cell viability,water use efficiency,and photosynthetic and biochemical attributes by reducing oxidative stressors under various abiotic stresses in different plant species.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the combined applications of nanoparticles and plant growth regulators,a novel strategy to reduce the harmful effects of abiotic stress on plants.It identifies research gaps and recommends future studies to overcome their phytotoxicity worldwide. 展开更多
关键词 PHYTOHORMONES Mitigation strategies Microbial inoculation Oxidative stress
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High temperature oxidation of inoculated high Si/SiMo ductile cast irons in air and combustion atmospheres
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作者 Iuliana Stan Mihai Chisamera +5 位作者 Robert Lascu Codrut Cariga Eduard Stefan Stelian Stan Denisa Anca Iulian Riposan 《China Foundry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期555-562,共8页
The present work aims to investigate the effect of heating temperature(400,600 and 800°C)and inoculating elements(Ca,Ca-Ba,Ca-RE)on oxidation behavior of ductile irons containing 5.25%Si and 4.8%Si-2.3%Mo in dry ... The present work aims to investigate the effect of heating temperature(400,600 and 800°C)and inoculating elements(Ca,Ca-Ba,Ca-RE)on oxidation behavior of ductile irons containing 5.25%Si and 4.8%Si-2.3%Mo in dry air and combustion gas containing water vapour(natural gas burning).The oxidation is influenced by the gas atmosphere type,the iron alloying system,and the inoculating elements depending on the heating temperature.The weight gain increases from 0.001%-0.1%(400°C)to 0.05%-0.70%(600°C)and up to 0.10%-2.15%(800°C).No particular effects of the considered influencing factors are found when heating at 400°C,while at 600°C,mainly the oxidation gas atmosphere type shows a visible influence.At the highest heating temperature of 800°C,a limited increase of the weight gain is found for dry air atmosphere(up to 0.25%),but it drastically increases for combustion atmospheres(0.65%-2.15%).The water vapour presence in the combustion atmosphere is an important oxidising factor at 600-800°C.The alloying system appears to influence the oxidation behavior mainly at a heating temperature of 800°C in the combustion atmosphere,as evidenced by the lower weight gain in 5.25%silicon cast iron.Positive effects of inoculating elements increase with the heating temperature,with Ca and Ba-FeSi inoculation generally showing better performance.Irons inoculated with CaRE-FeSi exhibit a higher degree of oxidation.These results are in good relationship with the previous reported data:Ca-Ba-inoculation system appears to be better than simple Ca for improving the graphite parameters,while RE-bearing inoculant negatively affects the compactness degree of graphite particles in high-Si ductile irons.As the lower compactness degree is typical for graphite nodules in high-Si ductile irons,which negatively affects the oxidation resistance,it is necessary to employ specific metallurgical treatments to improve nodule quality.Inoculation,in particular,is a potential method to achieve this improvement. 展开更多
关键词 ductile iron spheroidal graphite Si/SiMo oxidation air/combustion atmospheres FeSiCaMgRE treatment Ca Ca-Ba Ca-RE inoculation structure characteristics
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Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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作者 Yuan Zhang BenLi Liu 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2024年第1期20-29,共10页
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioratio... The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits.Inoculated biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment.Therefore,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau.This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of BSCs.It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance.We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies.This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 展开更多
关键词 Biological soil crusts Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Alpine sand areas Inoculated biological soil crusts technology ALGAE CYANOBACTERIA
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Bacterial Inoculation and Co-Inoculation Improves Durum Wheat Productivity in Alkaline Calcareous Soils
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作者 Bouazza Chami Nabil Touzout +8 位作者 Souad Guemouri-Athmani Djamel Baali-Cherif Adil Mihoub JakubČerný Muhammad Farhan Saeed Aftab Jamal Hayi Mohamed Yassine Yaser Hassan Dewir Aurelio Scavo 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2024年第12期3313-3329,共17页
Intensive agricultural practices have undeniably reduced soil fertility and crop productivity.Furthermore,alkaline calcareous soils represent a significant challenge for agricultural production,particularly durum whea... Intensive agricultural practices have undeniably reduced soil fertility and crop productivity.Furthermore,alkaline calcareous soils represent a significant challenge for agricultural production,particularly durum wheat,which is vital for ensuring food security.It is therefore essential to explore new cereal management strategies to maintain food production and promote crop sustainability.The application of soil microorganisms,particularly plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),as inoculants to enhance crop production is a growing area of interest.This study investigates the effects of the rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa SGH1 and SGK2,applied both individually and in combination,on the growth and productivity of durum wheat in alkaline calcareous soil.We conducted field experiments over two growing seasons using a randomized complete block design with three blocks,considering four treatments:non-inoculated wheat grains(T0),inoculation with the P.polymyxa SGH1 strain(T1),inoculation with the P.polymyxa SGK2 strain(T2),and co-inoculation with both strains(T3).The results clearly showed that SGH1 and SGK2 inoculation improved the morphometric characteristics of wheat plants,with co-inoculation of both strains that induced more pronounced improvements compared to T0 in terms of collar diameter(+16.9%),tillers plant-1(+89.8%),and SA/RA ratio(+35.5%).Co-inoculation was also the most effective treatment for improving the wheat grain yield(+41.1%in season I and+16.6%in season Ⅱ).In addition,T3 significantly increased the grain starch content(+220%).T1 determined the highest grain protein content in both seasons(9.5%in season Ⅰand 9.66%DW in season Ⅱ).This study demonstrated that bacterial inoculation and co-inoculation strategies can significantly enhance wheat productivity and grain quality in alkaline calcareous soils while reducing at the same time the ecological footprint of agriculture. 展开更多
关键词 Paenibacillus polymyxa Triticum durum grain yield wheat technological quality microbial inoculation plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria
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Grain refinement of pure aluminum by direct current pulsed magnetic field and inoculation 被引量:6
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作者 陈航 接金川 +2 位作者 付莹 马红军 李廷举 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第5期1295-1300,共6页
The combined effects of direct current pulsed magnetic field (DC-PMF) and inoculation on pure aluminum were investigated, the grain refinement behavior of DC-PMF and inoculation was discussed. The experimental resul... The combined effects of direct current pulsed magnetic field (DC-PMF) and inoculation on pure aluminum were investigated, the grain refinement behavior of DC-PMF and inoculation was discussed. The experimental results indicate that the solidification micro structure of pure aluminum can be greatly refined under DC-PMF. Refinement of pure aluminum is attributed to electromagnetic undercooling and forced convection caused by DC-PMF. With single DC-PMF, the grain size in the equiaxed zone is uneven. However, under DC-PMF, by adding 0.05% (mass fraction) Al5Ti-B, the grain size of the sample is smaller, and the size distribution is more uniform than that of single DC-PMF. Furthermore, under the combination of DC-PMF and inoculation, with the increase of output current, the grain size is further reduced. When the output current increases to 100 A, the average grain size can decrease to 113 μn. 展开更多
关键词 direct current pulsed magnetic field pure aluminum inoculation grain refinement solidification micro structure
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Inoculation Effects of Dendrobium officinale Mycorrhizal Fungi on Their Plantlets 被引量:10
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作者 黎勇 王小丹 +1 位作者 罗培凤 武丙琳 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第11期1580-1584,共5页
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the inoculation effects of Dendrobium officinale mycorrhizal fungi on their plantlets. [Method] Endophytic strains Tj1, Tj2 and Tj3 were obtained by isolation and purification f... [Objective] This study aimed to explore the inoculation effects of Dendrobium officinale mycorrhizal fungi on their plantlets. [Method] Endophytic strains Tj1, Tj2 and Tj3 were obtained by isolation and purification from mycorrhiza of wild Dendrobium officinale and inoculated on the root system of Dendrobium officinale for inoculation test. [Result] Under tissue-culture conditions, at early stage, Tj1 strain hadn't shown promotion effect on Dendrobium officinale, Tj2 strain had shown relatively strong promotion effects, and Tj3 strain had promoted the growth of roots; at late stage, Tj1 strain had shown relatively strong promotion effects, Tj2 strain had shown the best inoculation effects and the strongest promotion effects, while Tj3 strain had caused root and seedling rot problems of the plantlets; under outdoor conditions, after inoculation with Tj2 strain, the number of leaves and lateral buds were increased, the growth of lateral root and the increase of plant height were significant, the leaves of Dendrobium officinale plantlets were large and dark green and an obvious root enlargement phenomenon was observed. [Conclusion] The two inoculation methods both indicate that Tj2 strain has relatively strong promotion effects on the growth of Dendrobium officinale roots and shoots, the increase of plant number and plant height, and the germination of new shoots and roots, which proved the effective establishment of symbiotic relationship between Tj2 strain and Dendrobium officinale. Therefore, T2 strain has practical application values on the successful cultivation of Dendrobium officinale plantlets. 展开更多
关键词 Dendrobium officinale MYCORRHIZA Tissue culture Inoculation
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Transient Expression of BYDV-MP in Nicotiana benthamiana 被引量:5
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作者 王媛媛 刘国富 +1 位作者 李芳芳 曹雪松 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第1期99-102,共4页
[Objective]The aim of this study was to identify transient expression of movement protein (MP) gene in Nicotinana benthaminana rapidly and further investigate the function of this exogenous gene. [Method]The movemen... [Objective]The aim of this study was to identify transient expression of movement protein (MP) gene in Nicotinana benthaminana rapidly and further investigate the function of this exogenous gene. [Method]The movement protein gene of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was cloned into potato virus X (PVX) viral vector of pGR107,and PVX-recombinant vector was obtained. After electroporation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens,PVX was inoculated into the lower leaves of tobacco by Agrobacterium infiltration assay to observe the infection of virus on tobacco. [Result]After infection for 7 days,upper non-inoculated leaves of tobacco infected by the PVX-recombinant vector showed the virus infection symptoms,while the control group had no viral infection phenomenon. Daily follow-up observations for two groups revealed that tobacco infected by PVX-recombinant vector had severe symptoms of virus infection and curling leaves,or even led to necrosis both in infiltrated and systemic leaves in late period. However,tobacco infected by PVX vector had only slight symptoms of virus infection and could recover from infection. RT-PCR of the infected tobacco indicated that exogenous gene BYDV-MP had a normal transcription and expression in tobacco. [Conclusion]As a determinant factor for viral disease,BYDV-MP promotes the systemic infection rate of PVX and its symptom. In addition,it is feasible to express exogenous MP gene in Nicotiana benthaminan via PVX expression vector. 展开更多
关键词 Movement protein of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-MP) Potato virus X (PVX) Nicotiana benthamiana Inoculate
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Poisoning-free effect of calcium on grain refinement of Mg-3%Al alloy containing trace Fe by carbon inoculation 被引量:1
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作者 杜军 王海蕾 +1 位作者 周明川 李文芳 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第2期307-314,共8页
Mg-3%Al alloy was modified by combining Ca addition with carbon inoculation. The effects of Fe addition and addition sequence on the grain refinement were investigated. A higher grain refining efficiency could be obta... Mg-3%Al alloy was modified by combining Ca addition with carbon inoculation. The effects of Fe addition and addition sequence on the grain refinement were investigated. A higher grain refining efficiency could be obtained for the Mg-Al alloy modified by combining Ca addition with carbon inoculation. Fe addition and addition sequence had no obvious effect on the grain refinement. Ca addition could effectively avoid grain-coarsening resulting from Fe in the carbon-inoculated Mg-Al alloy. The Al-C-O particles, actually being Al4C3, should act as potent substrates for a-Mg grains in the sample treated by combining Ca addition with carbon inoculation. However, the duplex-phase particles of AI4C3 coated on Al-Fe or Al-C-Fe should be the potent substrates for a-Mg grains if Fe existed in the Mg-Al melt. Ca addition can contribute to the formation of the particles of Al4C3 coated on Al-Fe or Al-C-Fe, regardless of the Fe addition sequence. The poisoning effect of Fe was effectively inhibited in the carbon-inoculated of Mg-Al alloy due to Ca addition, namely, Ca has a poisoning-free effect. 展开更多
关键词 Mg-Al alloy iron CALCIUM carbon inoculation nucleating substrate poisoning-free effect
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Research of Synthetic Rules with Mechanical Properties vs Inoculation Degree on Gray Cast Iron
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作者 李贵成 阮宏慧 范胜波 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2002年第1期56-59,共4页
To fit the special needs of gray cast iron as a new engineering material,i.e.,higher σ b and lower HB,or lower σ b and higher HB,using the method of heat analyzing and polyparameters analytic figures,the ... To fit the special needs of gray cast iron as a new engineering material,i.e.,higher σ b and lower HB,or lower σ b and higher HB,using the method of heat analyzing and polyparameters analytic figures,the synthetic rules of carbon saturation degree,inoculation degree and mechanical properties can be exposed.The result shows that,according to the needs of the part′s mechanical properties,referring to the synthetic rules of gray cast iron,the corresponding technological measure and composition proportion can be defined,by which we will get the exact mechanical properties that could achieve the result expected completely.Thus,the casting for gray cast iron might be 'designed'from'selected'. 展开更多
关键词 gray cast iron synthetic rule mechanical properties inoculation degree
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骨诱导天然煅烧骨无菌检查方法学验证 被引量:1
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作者 张成 康鹏 陈红娟 《中国医疗器械信息》 2014年第3期58-60,共3页
目的:建立骨诱导天然煅烧骨无菌检查方法,保证检验结果的准确性和可靠性。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版三部(附录ⅦA)无菌检查法中的直接接种法进行。结果:样品管无菌生长,六株阳性对照菌生长良好。结论:方法学验证采用直接接种法进行... 目的:建立骨诱导天然煅烧骨无菌检查方法,保证检验结果的准确性和可靠性。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版三部(附录ⅦA)无菌检查法中的直接接种法进行。结果:样品管无菌生长,六株阳性对照菌生长良好。结论:方法学验证采用直接接种法进行的无菌检查,可行。 展开更多
关键词 骨诱导天然煅烧骨 无菌检查法(直接接种法) 方法学验证 STERILITY test method(direct inoculation)
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Simulation of Thermophysical Processes at Laser Welding of Alloys Containing Refractory Nanoparticles
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作者 Anatoly N. Cherepanov Vasily P. Shapeev +1 位作者 Guangxun Liu Lamei Cao 《Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry》 2012年第4期270-273,共4页
Mathematical model is formulated for description of thermophysical processes at laser welding of metal plates for the case when modifying nanoparticles of refractory compounds (nanopowder inoculators – NPI) are intro... Mathematical model is formulated for description of thermophysical processes at laser welding of metal plates for the case when modifying nanoparticles of refractory compounds (nanopowder inoculators – NPI) are introduced into the weld pool. Specially prepared nanoparticles of refractory compounds serve here as crystallization centers, i.e. in fact they are exogenous inoculants on which surface clusters are grouped. This can be used to control the melt crystallization process and formation of its structure, and, therefore, properties of the weld seam. As an example, calculation results of the butt welding of aluminum alloy and steel plates are presented. The results of calculation and experimental data comparison are shown. 展开更多
关键词 Mathematical Model Laser Welding NANOPOWDER inoculators CRYSTALLIZATION Process Calculation Results
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Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young Aquilaria malaccensis trees in the nursery 被引量:9
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作者 Rozi MOHAMED Phai Lee JONG Abd Kudus KAMZIAH 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第1期201-204,共4页
Fungi are often used to induce agarwood inAquilariatrees. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungi on agarwood formation over time in youngAquilaria malaccensis (Lam.) trees. Typical changes ... Fungi are often used to induce agarwood inAquilariatrees. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungi on agarwood formation over time in youngAquilaria malaccensis (Lam.) trees. Typical changes in the length and light intensity of the resulting discoloration were observed after three and six month periods following inoculation. Wood samples were observed microscopically and classified into several light intensity groups. The discoloration length was meas-ured longitudinally. The duration after inoculation affected the mean of discoloration length: the 6-month old sample (1.70 cm) had a wider discoloration zone when compared to the 3-month old sample (1.17 cm). When measuring the discoloration intensity, a positive relationship with time was perceived. Digital images, captured using a camera-equipped microscope, revealed that wood samples collected after six months appeared to be 1.8-times darker than after three months. We concluded that time, not the species of any of the tested fungi, had significant effect on discoloration length and intensity. Gas chromatography/mass spec-trometry (GCMS) analysis of the 6-month old sample yielded some important agarwood compounds such as benzylacetone, anisylacetone, guaiene and palustrol. This demonstrates that the tested fungi have the ability to induce agarwood formation in nurseryA. malaccensis trees. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial inoculation discoloration zone FUNGI guaiene palustrol
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Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis on fermentation, dynamics of bacterial community and their functional shifts of whole-plant corn silage 被引量:11
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作者 Jie Bai Marcia Franco +8 位作者 Zitong Ding Lin Hao Wencan Ke Musen Wang Dongmei Xie Ziqian Li Yixin Zhang Lin Ai Xusheng Guo 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第3期864-877,共14页
Background:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(BA)and Bacillus subtilis(BS)are usually used as feed supplements directly or bacterial inoculants in biological feeds for animals.However,few research have reported the effects of... Background:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(BA)and Bacillus subtilis(BS)are usually used as feed supplements directly or bacterial inoculants in biological feeds for animals.However,few research have reported the effects of BA and BS on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community successions of whole-plant corn silage during ensiling.If the BA and BS inoculants have positive effects on silages,then they could not only improve fermentation characteristics,but also deliver BA or BS viable cells to ruminants,which would play its probiotic effect.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of BA and BS on the fermentation,chemical characteristics,bacterial community and their metabolic pathway of whole-plant corn silage.Results:Freshly chopped whole-plant corn was inoculated without or with BA and BS,respectively,and ensiled for1,3,7,14 and 60 d.Results showed that BA and BS inoculations increased lactic acid concentrations of whole-plant corn silages compared with control,and BA inoculation decreased acetic acid concentrations,whereas BS inoculation decreased fiber contents and increased crude protein(CP)content.Higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents and lower starch contents were observed in BA-and BS-inoculated silages compared with that in control.The decreased CP content and increased non-protein nitrogen content were observed in BA-inoculated silage,which was consistent with the higher amino acid metabolism abundances observed in BA-inoculated silage.In addition,it was noteworthy that BA and BS inoculations increased the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins,and decreased the relative abundances of drug resistance:antimicrobial pathways.We also found that the bacterial metabolism pathways were clearly separated into three clusters based on the ensiling times of whole-plant corn silage in the present study.There were no significant differences in bacterial community compositions among the three groups during ensiling.However,BA and BS inoculations decreased the relative abundances of undesirable bacteria such as Acetobacter and Acinetobacter.Conclusion:Our findings suggested that the BS strain was more suitable as silage inoculants than the BA strain in whole-plant corn silage in this study. 展开更多
关键词 Bacillus silage inoculants Function prediction Silage quality Zea mays
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Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the degradation of DEHP in soil 被引量:6
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作者 WANGShu-guang LINXian-gui +1 位作者 YINRui HOUYan-lin 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2004年第3期458-461,共4页
The effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi( Acaulospora lavis ) on the degradation of di(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) in soil was studies. Cowpea plants (Pigna sinensis) were used as host p... The effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi( Acaulospora lavis ) on the degradation of di(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) in soil was studies. Cowpea plants (Pigna sinensis) were used as host plants and grown in a specially designed rhizobox. The experimental results indicated that, both in sterile and non sterile soil, mycorrhizal colonization rates were much higher in the mycorrhizal plants than in the non mycorrhizal plants. Addition of 4 mg/kg DEHP slightly affected mycorrhizal colonization, but the addition of 100 mg/kg DEHP significantly decreased mycorrhizal colonization. DEHP degradation in the mycorrhizosphere(Ms) and hyphosphere(Hs), especially in the Hs, increased after inoculation with Acaulospora lavis . It is concluded that mycorrhizal hyphae play an important role in the plant uptake, degradation and translocation of DEHP. The mechanism might be attributed to increased numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes and activity of dehydrogenase, urease and acid phosphatase in the Ms and Hs by mycorrhizal fungi. 展开更多
关键词 AM fungi inoculation DEHP CONCENTRATION DEGRADATION
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Grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys inoculated by MgAl_(2)O_(4)powder 被引量:13
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作者 Hengbin Liao Meiyan Zhan +2 位作者 Chengbo Li Zhiqiang Ma Jun Du 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第4期1215-1223,共9页
As a potent nucleating substrate forα-Mg grain,MgAl_(2)O_(4) powder was used to inoculate the Mg-Al melt in this study.The effects of MgAl_(2)O_(4)amount,holding time and Al content on the grain size and grain refini... As a potent nucleating substrate forα-Mg grain,MgAl_(2)O_(4) powder was used to inoculate the Mg-Al melt in this study.The effects of MgAl_(2)O_(4)amount,holding time and Al content on the grain size and grain refining ratio of the inoculated Mg-Al alloys are systematically investigated.The results show that the minimum grain size of Mg-3Al alloy is achieved by adding 2wt.%MgAl_(2)O_(4)powder and this alloy exhibits higher grain refining ratio than Mg-5Al and Mg-8Al alloys.The crystallographic misfit calculation indicates the wellmatching and possible orientation relationships(ORs)betweenα-Mg and MgAl_(2)O_(4).Among these predicted ORs,[10–10]α−Mg//[110]MgAl2O4 in(0002)α−Mg//(1–13)MgAl2O4 possesses the smallest misfit,i.e.,2.34%(fr).Both results of the experiment and crystallographic calculation demonstrate that the grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys is attributed to the MgAl_(2)O_(4)particles acting as the heterogeneous nucleation substrates forα-Mg grains. 展开更多
关键词 Grain refinement Inoculation Heterogeneous nucleation Mg-Al alloys MgAl_(2)O_(4)
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Use of two fungal species to induce agarwood resin formation in Gyrinops walla 被引量:5
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作者 S.M.C.U.P.Subasinghe H.I.D.Hitihamu K.M.E.P.Fernando 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第2期721-726,共6页
Gyrinops walla Gaertn. is the only species growing in Sri Lanka that belongs to the agarwood family,Thymelaeaceae. Although agarwood resin induction and extraction from Aquilaria species of the same family have been p... Gyrinops walla Gaertn. is the only species growing in Sri Lanka that belongs to the agarwood family,Thymelaeaceae. Although agarwood resin induction and extraction from Aquilaria species of the same family have been practised for many decades in Southeast Asian region,the ability of producing agarwood resins in G. walla was discovered recently. Since previous studies were on agarwood resins formed due to natural causes, the present study was conducted to identify the potential fungal species that are capable of artificially inducing agarwood resin formation in G. walla. Since this is the first ever study conducted on artificial inducement of agarwood resin formation in G.walla, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani were selected owing to their high abundance in the naturally formed agarwood resinous tissues collected from 25 G. walla trees.Both fungal species were separately grown in yeast extract glucose agar and used to inoculate healthy G. walla trees under aseptic conditions. Three holes were made for each tree and 2 g of fungal culture including the medium were placed in each hole. Tissue discoloration, characteristic aroma, resin content and resin constituents were checked at10 cm intervals above and below the inoculation points for a period of 1 year. Results revealed that tissue discoloration and resin content were higher in the trees inoculated with A. niger. Other than at 10 cm above and below the inoculation points, samples collected at all locations had significantly higher resin contents when inoculated with A. niger compared to F. solani. Sixteen agarwood resin constituents, which were also recorded in Aquilaria species, were identified from the discolored tissues using GC–MS analysis. Jinkohol, agarospirol and 2(2-phenyl)chromone derivatives were found in all discolored tissues collected at 10-cm intervals of the trees inoculated with both fungi. b-Seline, c-eudesmol and valerenal were found in nine of 10 sample points on the stem. c-Elemene was recorded only in one sample. The characteristic aroma during burning was stronger for dark-colored tissues than the light-colored ones. The present study confirmed the potential use of certain fungal species to induce agarwood resin in G. walla and that A. niger is more effective than F.solani. 展开更多
关键词 Gyrinops walla AGARWOOD resin ASPERGILLUS NIGER FUSARIUM SOLANI Inoculation
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Nodule Formation and Development in Soybeans(Glycine max L.) in Response to Phosphorus Supply in Solution Culture 被引量:5
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作者 MIAO Shu-Jie QIAO Yun-Fa +1 位作者 HAN Xiao-Zeng M. AN 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第1期36-43,共8页
Phosphorus (P) is necessary for growth and nitrogen fixation, and thus its deficiency is a major factor limiting legume production in most agricultural soils. The effect of phosphorus supply on nodule development and ... Phosphorus (P) is necessary for growth and nitrogen fixation, and thus its deficiency is a major factor limiting legume production in most agricultural soils. The effect of phosphorus supply on nodule development and its role in soybeans (Glycine max L.) was studied in a nutrient solution. Plants were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and grown for 35 days in a glasshouse at a day and night temperature of 25℃and 15℃, respectively. Although increasing P supply increased the concentrations of P and N in the shoots and roots, the external P supply did not significantly affect the P concentration in the nodules, and the N fixed per unit nodule biomass decreased with increasing P supply. The nitrogen content in the shoots correlated well with the P content (r = 0.92**). At an inoculation level of 102 cells mL-1, the P supply did not affect the number of nodules; however, at inoculation levels of 103.5 and 105 cells mL-1, increasing P supply increased both the number and size of nodules. Irrespective of the inoculation level, increasing P supply increased the nodule biomass relative to the biomass of the host plant. It is suggested that the P deficiency specifically inhibited the nodule development and thereby the total N2 fixation. 展开更多
关键词 inoculation level nitrogen fixation NODULATION PHOSPHORUS SOYBEANS
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New developments in high quality grey cast irons 被引量:8
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作者 Iulian Riposan Mihai Chisamera Stelian Stan 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2014年第4期351-364,共14页
The paper reviews original data obtained by the present authors,revealed in recent separate publications,describing specific procedures for high quality grey irons,and reflecting the forecast needs of the worldwide ir... The paper reviews original data obtained by the present authors,revealed in recent separate publications,describing specific procedures for high quality grey irons,and reflecting the forecast needs of the worldwide iron foundry industry.High power,medium frequency coreless induction furnaces are commonly used in electric melting grey iron foundries.This has resulted in low sulphur(<0.05wt.%)and aluminium(<0.005wt.%)contents in the iron,with a potential for higher superheating(>1,500°C),contributing to unfavourable conditions for graphite nucleation.Thin wall castings are increasingly produced by these electric melt shops with a risk of greater eutectic undercooling during solidification.The paper focused on two groups of grey cast irons and their specific problems:carbides and graphite morphology control in lower carbon equivalent high strength irons(CE=3.4%-3.8%),and austenite dendrite promotion in eutectic and slightly hypereutectic irons(CE=4.1%-4.5%),in order to increase their strength characteristics.There are 3 stages and 3 steps involving graphite formation,iron chemistry and iron processing that appear to be important.The concept in the present paper sustains a threestage model for nucleating flake graphite[(Mn,X)S type nuclei].There are three important groups of elements(deoxidizer,Mn/S,and inoculant)and three technological stages in electric melting of iron(superheat,pre-conditioning of base iron,final inoculation).Attention is drawn to a control factor(%Mn)x(%S)ensuring it equals to 0.03–0.06,accompanied by 0.005wt.%–0.010wt.%Al and/or Zr content in inoculated irons.It was found that iron powder addition promotes austenite dendrite formation in eutectic and slightly eutectic,acting as reinforcement for the eutectic cells.But,there is an accompanying possible negative influence on the characteristics of the(Mn,X)S type graphite nuclei(change the morphology of nuclei from polygonal compact to irregular polygonal,and therefore promote chill tendency in treated irons).A double addition(iron powder+inoculant)appears to be an effective treatment to benefit both austenite and graphite nucleation,with positive effects on the final structure and chill tendency. 展开更多
关键词 grey iron S Al Zr Ti electric melting furnace superheating PRECONDITIONING inoculation graphite nucleation graphite morphology carbides dendritic austenite iron powder
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Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by seeding different inoculated sludge 被引量:5
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作者 WANGFang YANGFeng-lin LIUYi-hui ZHANGXing-wen 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第2期268-270,共3页
Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in two sequencing batch airlift bioreactors was studied. Conventional activated floc and anaerobic granules served as main two inocula... Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in two sequencing batch airlift bioreactors was studied. Conventional activated floc and anaerobic granules served as main two inoculated sludge in the systems. Morphological variations of sludge in the reactors were observed. It was found that the cultivation of aerobic granules was closely associated with the kind of inoculated sludge. Round and regular aerobic granules were prevailed in both reactors, and the physical characteristics of the aerobic granules in terms of settling ability, specific gravity, and ratio of water containing were distinct when the inoculate sludge was different. Aerobic granules formed by seeding activated floc are more excellent in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification than that by aerobic granules formed from anaerobic granules. It was concluded that inoculated sludge plays a crucial role in the cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. 展开更多
关键词 aerobic granulation inoculated sludge NITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION inner structure sludge morphology
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Fluorescence characteristic changes of dissolved organic matter during municipal solid waste composting 被引量:6
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作者 WEI Zi-min XI Bei-dou +3 位作者 WANG Shi-ping XU Jing-gang ZHOU Yu-yan LIU Hong-liang 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第6期953-956,共4页
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) of municipal solid waste(MSW) consists of minerals, water, ash and humic substances, and is known to enhance plant growth. In this study, inoculating microbes(Z J, MS) were used in ... Dissolved organic matter(DOM) of municipal solid waste(MSW) consists of minerals, water, ash and humic substances, and is known to enhance plant growth. In this study, inoculating microbes(Z J, MS) were used in municipal solid wastes composting, and composting implemented a industrialized technology. During composting, dissolved organic matter was extracted from the compost and purified. The spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter was determined by fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectroscopy. Fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectra characterized by different relative fluorescent intensities and peaks over time. Fluorescence spectra were similar to that of fulvic acid in sewage sludge, indicating the presence of dissolved organic matter with aromatic structures and a high degree of molecular polymerization. Compared with the controls with no microbial inoculation, the microbe-inoculated treatments exhibited the increase of aromatic polycondensation, in the following order: MS + ZJ 〉 ZJ 〉 MS 〉 CK. 展开更多
关键词 MSW composting dissolved organic matter(DOM) inoculating microbes fluorescence spectra
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