TypeⅠinositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors increase in kidney of mice with fulminant hepatic failure

AIM: To delineate the mechanisms of renal vasocon- striction in hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), we investigated the expression of typeⅠinositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors (IP3RⅠ) of kidney in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: FHF was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in D-galactosamine (GalN) sensitized BALB/c mice. There were 20 mice in normal saline (NS)-treated group, 20 mice in LPS-treated group, 20 mice in GalN- treated group, and 60 mice in GalN/LPS-treated group (FHF group). Liver and kidney tissues were obtained at 2, 6, and 9 h after administration. The liver and kidney specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for studying morphological changes under light microscope. The expression of IP3RⅠin kidney tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: Kidney tissues were morphologically normal at all time points in all groups. IP3RⅠproteins were found localized in the plasma region of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in kidney by immunohistochemical staining. In kidney of mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h IP3RⅠstaining was up- regulated. Results from Western blot demonstrated consistent and significant increment of IP3RⅠexpression in mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h (t = 3.16, P < 0.05; t = 5.43, P < 0.01). Furthermore, we evaluated IP3RⅠ mRNA expression by RT-PCR and observed marked up- regulation of IP3RⅠmRNA in FHF samples at 2 h, 6 h and 9 h compared to controls (t = 2.97, P < 0.05; t = 4.42, P < 0.01; t = 3.81, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The expression of IP3RⅠprotein increased in GMC and renal VSMC of mice with FHF, possibly caused by up-regulation of IP3RⅠmRNA.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is required for suppressing D1-dependent signaling mediated through muscarinic 4 in isolated medium spiny neurons

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated acetylcholine muscarinic 4(M4) receptor regulates DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in isolated medium spiny neurons(MSNs),indicating antagonistic mechanism with D1 dependent signal cascade,but the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclearly.In this study,we investigated the roles of M4 receptor in modulation D1 dependent signal to integrate striatal DA inputs in isolated MSNs.METHODS(1)Lentivirus technology was employed to genetically knock down the M4 receptor of MSNs;(2) Apomorphine(APO),acts as a dopamine receptor agonist,while SCH23390,acts as a selective antagonist for D1,were used to study the pharmacologically profiles with D1 receptor stimulation or blockade,respectively.Then the no subtype-selective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M(OX) were used to show that mAchRs activation,in order to dissect the particular function of M4,a selective M4 antagonist,MT3 was used;(3) Intracellular cAMP production of MSNs was measured by using time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection method;(4) Laser confocal was used to explore the expression of M4 and D1 in MSNs;(5) Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blotting were used to confirm the alteration of signaling molecular including P-CREB,DARPP-32 P-Thr34,DARPP-32 P-Thr75,cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5) as wel as p25/35,which are involved in DA-dependent signaling modulations.RESULTS Firstly,TR-FRET assay revealed APO(10-2 mol·L^(-1))significantly increased the level of intracellular cAMP(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),also Western blotting results showed that APO(10-6 mol · L^(-1))increased DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),and these effect were reversed by D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01).Interestingly,we confirmed that OX(10-6 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated APO-induced DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01),due to its effects on DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75.The results presented the antagonistic mechanism of mAchRs stimulation with D1 dependent signal cascade in MSNs.Meanwhile,OX(10-7,10-6 and10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)) stimulated DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75,and simultaneously up regulated P25/35 and CDK5 activity(vs control,n=3,P<0.01) by using Western blotting assay.Furthermore,roscovitine(10^(-5) mol · L^(-1)),acts as a CDK5 inhibitor,suppressed CDK5 activity(vs control,n=10,P<0.01),and fully inhibited OX-induced DARPP-32 Thr75 phosphorylation(vs OX,n=10,P<0.01).More important,pretreated with roscovitine(10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)),the effect of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation was potentiated(vs APO,n=3,P<0.05).The result presented CDK5 is required in suppression of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation mediated through mAchRs stimulation.In addition,laser confocal results showed that the CDK5 up-regulation was mostly confined to MSNs co-expressing M4,which means that M4 participated in CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr75.Consistently,immunofluorescence and Western blotting results confirmed that both genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of M4 receptors with MT3(10-7 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated the OX-induced the expression of CDK5(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01) and P25/35(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01)in isolated MSNs.CONCLUSION M4 receptor may play an important role in antagonistic regulation D1 dependent signaling,in which CDK5 is required for suppressing D1-DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation in isolated medium spiny neurons.

Temperature-dependence and conformational basis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor regulated by Ca^(2+)

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (lnsP3) receptor was purified from bovine cerebellum and reconstituted in liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanola-mine (PE) (1:1) successfully. No effect of Ca2+ concentration on [3H]-lnsP3 binding to unreconsti-tuted lnsP3 receptor could be observed either at 4℃ or at 25℃, whereas the effect of [Ca2+] on reconstituted lnsP3 receptor depended on the temperature. The Ca2+ concentration outside the proteolipsome ([Ca2+]o) had no detectable effect on lnsP3 binding to lnsP3 receptor at 4℃. In contrast, with increase of [Ca2+]o from 0 to 100 nmol/L at 25℃, the lnsP3 binding activity increased gradually. Then the lnsP3 binding activity was decreased drastically at higher [Ca2+]0 and inhibited entirely at 50 nmol/L [Ca2+]. Conformational studies on intrinsic fluorescence of the reconstituted lnsP3 receptor and its quenching by Kl and HB indicated that the global conformation of reconstituted lnsP3 receptor could not be affected by [Ca2+]o

Suppressing high mobility group box-1 release alleviates morphine tolerance via the adenosine5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 pathway

Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory pain,but its role in morphine tolerance is unclear.In this study,we established rat and mouse models of morphine tolerance by intrathecal injection of morphine for 7 consecutive days.We found that morphine induced rat spinal cord neurons to release a large amount of HMGB1.HMGB1 regulated nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production by increasing Toll-like receptor 4receptor expression in microglia,thereby inducing morphine tolerance.Glycyrrhizin,an HMGB1 inhibito r,markedly attenuated chronic morphine tole rance in the mouse model.Finally,compound C(adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor)alleviated the morphine-induced release of HMGB1 and reduced nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production in a mouse model of morphine tolerance and an SH-SY5Y cell model of morphine tole rance,and alleviated morphine tolerance in the mouse model.These findings suggest that morphine induces HMGB1 release via the adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway,and that inhibiting this signaling pathway can effectively reduce morphine tole rance.

1-芳基-3-烷基-1,4-二氢-4-取代-5H-1,2,4-三唑啉酮-5衍生物的合成及生物活性

为寻找新的高效非肽类血管紧张素Ⅱ（AⅡ）受体括抗剂,以SC-51316为先导,运用生物电子等排和拼合原理,设计并合成了9个1-芳基-3-烷基-1,4-二氢-4-取代-5H-1,2,4-三唑啉酮-5衍生物。所有目的化合物均未见文献报道,其结构经IR、1HNMR和MS鉴定。初步体外药理实验表明：在抑制AⅡ诱发的兔主动脉收缩反应模型中,化合物17h具有较好的活性。

糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏组织中Ⅰ型1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体的表达

目的:检测糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾脏组织中Ⅰ型1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体(IP3R)的表达。方法:35只健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组(NC组,n=10)和DN组(以新鲜配制的枸橼酸缓冲液稀释链脲佐菌素成10g/L的溶液,按60mg/kg腹腔注射进行造模,当血糖值超过16.7mmol/L,表明糖尿病模型成功。普通饮食继续喂养3周、6周、12周,用放射免疫法测定24h尿蛋白排泄量,≥30mg时确认DN大鼠模型成功),后将DN大鼠随机分为DN3周组(n=9)、DN6周组(n=8)和DN12周组(n=8)。应用免疫组织化学法、RT-PCR测定4组大鼠肾脏组织中Ⅰ型IP3R蛋白及mRNA的表达。结果:Ⅰ型IP3R蛋白主要分布于肾小球系膜区、毛细血管袢和血管平滑肌细胞内,而肾小管未见阳性染色。与NC组相比,各DN组Ⅰ型IP3R蛋白阳性细胞率和mRNA的表达明显增高,差异有统计学意义(F=41.536、53.635,P<0.001)。结论:肾脏组织中IP3R表达增强可能是导致DN产生的重要因素之一。

1-取代-2-烷基-4-氯-1,6-二氢-6-甲基-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯类化合物的合成及其降压活性

为寻找新的高效的非肽类血管紧张素 ( A )受体拮抗剂 ,以 losartan为先导 ,根据其 SAR,结合计算机辅助分子结构模拟研究结果 ,设计并合成了 8个 1-取代 - 2 -烷基 - 4-氯 - 1,6-二氢 - 6-甲基 - 5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯类衍生物。所有目标化合物均未见文献报道 ,其结构经 IR、1HNMR和 MS鉴定。初步药理研究表明 ,化合物

替米沙坦对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织Ⅰ型1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体表达的影响

目的:探讨替米沙坦对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织Ⅰ型1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体(IP3R)蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。方法:50只SD大鼠分为5组,即正常对照组(NC组)、DN6周组(D6组)、DN12周组(D12组)、替米沙坦治疗6周组(T6组)和替米沙坦治疗12周组(T12组),各组10只。D6、T6、D12和T12组大鼠制作DN动物模型,造模成功后T6和T12组分别给予替米沙坦治疗6和12周。采用免疫组织化学SP法检测各组大鼠肾组织Ⅰ型ⅠP3R蛋白的表达,RT-PCR测定其mRNA的表达。结果:5组大鼠肾组织Ⅰ型IP3R蛋白和mRNA表达的比较,差异有统计学意义(F=42.321和59.482,P均<0.001);T6、D6、T12和D12组较NC升高,T6组较D6组下降,T12组较D12组下降(P均<0.05)。结论:替米沙坦可能通过降低Ⅰ型IP3R的表达治疗DN。

不同乳腺病变组织中TSP-1、CD44V5、HER4表达对微血管密度的影响

目的 探讨不同乳腺病变组织中微血管密度(MVD )的差异及其与TSP 1,CD44V 5 ,HER 4表达情况的关系。方法 采用免疫组化SP法,检测乳腺纤维腺瘤、小叶增生和乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC )组织中TSP 1,CD 44V 5 ,HER 4的表达情况及MVD。结果 在IDC组织中的MVD明显高于其它两种组织(P <0 .0 5 ) ;在3种组织中MVD与TSP 1,CD 44V 5的表达均无关(P >0 .0 5 ) ,但在IDC中,MVD值与HER4表达有关(P <0 .0 5 ) ,HER 4阳性的IDC组织MVD较高。结论 IDC组织的MVD高于良性病变;HER4的表达可促进IDC组织中MVD的增加。

内质网蛋白44(ERp44)通过1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体介导基因转录(英文)

细胞核内钙离子浓度的增加可以引起包括钙离子激活的基因转录在内的很多生理功能.运用Western blot、免疫荧光、实时定量聚合酶链反应、钙成像以及外源三磷酸腺苷刺激细胞释放钙离子等试验方法,发现1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体和内质网蛋白44(ERp44)在内质网和核膜上都有很好的共定位.外源三磷酸腺苷可以通过1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体刺激核内钙瞬变并磷酸化环磷酸腺苷反应原件结合蛋白(CREB)、刺激原癌基因c-Myc的表达.但是,这些功能都能被1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体抑制剂2-氨乙氧基二苯酯硼酸(2-APB)和过表达内质网蛋白44(ERp44)所抑制.这些结果均提示在子宫颈癌HeLa细胞中内质网蛋白44(ERp44)通过1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体而介导基因转录.

Electroacupuncture improves neuropathic pain Adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium and their receptors perhaps change simultaneously

Applying a stimulating current to acupoints through acupuncture needles–known as electroacupuncture–has the potential to produce analgesic effects in human subjects and experimental animals. When acupuncture was applied in a rat model, adenosine 5-triphosphate disodium in the extracellular space was broken down into adenosine, which in turn inhibited pain transmission by means of an adenosine A1 receptor-dependent process. Direct injection of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist enhanced the analgesic effect of acupuncture. The analgesic effect of acupuncture appears to be mediated by activation of A1 receptors located on ascending nerves. In neuropathic pain, there is upregulation of P2X purinoceptor 3 （P2X3） receptor expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Conversely, the onset of mechanical hyperalgesia was diminished and established hyperalgesia was significantly reversed when P2X3 receptor expression was downregulated. The pathways upon which electroacupuncture appear to act are interwoven with pain pathways, and electroacupuncture stimuli converge with impulses originating from painful areas. Electroacupuncture may act via purinergic A1 and P2X3 receptors simultaneously to induce an analgesic effect on neuropathic pain.

Homer1a-mGluR5在抑郁症中作用的研究进展

Homer1a是由中枢神经系统即刻早期基因(immediate early genes,IEG)编码的支架蛋白质,广泛的临床及基础研究表明Homer1a不仅与多种神经精神疾病的发病有关,也是多种抗抑郁治疗方案的关键蛋白质。抑郁症的发病与1型代谢型谷氨酸受体(metabotropic glutamate receptor,mGluR1/5)的表达和可用性降低,N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)的功能障碍所致的突触可塑性失调相关。Homer1a对mGluR1/5的作用具有高度特异性。Homer1a过表达可通过增加突触后膜mGluR1/5的表达和可用性,调节突触后膜的离子型谷氨酸受体NMDAR和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑丙酸受体(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor,AMPAR),调节突触可塑性,最终发挥抗抑郁作用。Homer1a在突触活动的调节中发挥中心作用,因此了解Homer1a发挥作用的机制能为研究靶向Homer1a蛋白的抗抑郁药物提供新思路。

心房颤动犬心房肌细胞三磷酸肌醇1型和2型受体的分布及表达

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤)时犬心房肌细胞三磷酸肌醇1型受体(IP3R1)和三磷酸肌醇2型受体(IP3R2)的表达及分布的改变。方法选择10只杂种犬,分为正常对照组和房颤起搏器组,每组5只。房颤起搏器组用起搏器进行房颤式快速起搏,起搏频率(500±20)次/min,术后观察24周。正常对照组不置入起搏器。24周后取出心脏,用RT-PCR、荧光免疫组织化学和Western blot技术检测犬心房肌细胞IP3R1、IP3R2在mRNA表达水平,蛋白水平的表达和分布。结果房颤起搏器组犬心房肌细胞IP3R1、IP3R2在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),IP3R1主要在细胞质内表达,IP3R2除了在细胞质内表达增加外,在心房肌细胞闰盘、细胞膜和细胞核膜分布均显著增加。结论房颤时犬心房肌细胞IP3R1和IP3R2的表达上调及功能增强,IP3R2是与心房肌细胞内钙信号调控的主要受体,可能也参与细胞缝隙连接之间的钙信号传递过程。

白介素-6对NMDA损伤的小脑颗粒神经元NR1和IP3R1蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察白介素-6(IL-6)对N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)损伤小脑颗粒神经元NMDA受体亚单位1(NR1)和三磷酸肌醇受体1(IP3R1)蛋白表达的影响。方法:取出生后8 d SD大鼠小脑进行小脑颗粒神经元(CGNs)体外培养。在培养液中加入IL-6(40或120 ng/mL),培养8 d后,用NMDA(100μmol/L)损伤神经元30 min,建立神经元损伤模型。Western Blot法检测NR1和IP3R1蛋白的表达。结果:IL-6下调NR1的蛋白表达,并抑制NMDA诱导的IP3R1的蛋白表达增高。结论:IL-6通过抑制NMDA受体和IP3受体实现神经保护作用。

Long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript regulates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy

BACKGROUND NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis is recognized as an essential modulator of renal disease pathology.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are active participators of diabetic nephropathy(DN).X inactive specific transcript(XIST)expression has been reported to be elevated in the serum of DN patients.AIM To evaluate the mechanism of lncRNA XIST in renal tubular epithelial cell(RTEC)pyroptosis in DN.METHODS A DN rat model was established through streptozotocin injection,and XIST was knocked down by tail vein injection of the lentivirus LV sh-XIST.Renal metabolic and biochemical indices were detected,and pathological changes in the renal tissue were assessed.The expression of indicators related to inflammation and pyroptosis was also detected.High glucose(HG)was used to treat HK2 cells,and cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity were detected after silencing XIST.The subcellular localization and downstream mechanism of XIST were investigated.Finally,a rescue experiment was carried out to verify that XIST regulates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)/caspase-1-mediated RTEC pyroptosis through the microRNA-15-5p(miR-15b-5p)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)axis.RESULTS XIST was highly expressed in the DN models.XIST silencing improved renal metabolism and biochemical indices and mitigated renal injury.The expression of inflammation and pyroptosis indicators was significantly increased in DN rats and HG-treated HK2 cells;cell viability was decreased and LDH activity was increased after HGtreatment. Silencing XIST inhibited RTEC pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1. Mechanistically,XIST sponged miR-15b-5p to regulate TLR4. Silencing XIST inhibited TLR4 by promotingmiR-15b-5p. miR-15b-5p inhibition or TLR4 overexpression averted the inhibitory effect ofsilencing XIST on HG-induced RTEC pyroptosis.CONCLUSIONSilencing XIST inhibits TLR4 by upregulating miR-15b-5p and ultimately inhibits renal injury inDN by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated RTEC pyroptosis.

大鼠IP_3R1 miRNA慢病毒表达载体的构建及其沉默效应鉴定

目的构建大鼠IP3R1miRNA慢病毒表达载体,并利用PC12细胞株观察其对IP3R1基因的沉默效应。方法根据已公布的IP3R1基因序列(GenBankNo.NM_001007235),设计并合成4对miRNA的OligoDNA(miRNA1、miRNA2、miRNA3和miRNA4),退火形成双链DNA后,与载体pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR连接,构建pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-IP3R1表达载体;用Gateway技术将该表达载体先后与中间载体pDONRTM221、慢病毒载体pLenti6/V5-DEST连接,构建慢病毒表达载体pLenti6/V5-DEST-IP3R1,包装产生慢病毒,收集上清,感染PC12细胞株,用Real-timePCR和Western blotting技术检测慢病毒表达载体对PC12细胞内IP3R1表达的沉默效应。结果测序结果表明,4对pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-IP3R1表达载体序列与参考序列一致,将重组获得的慢病毒表达载体pLenti6/V5-DEST-IP3R1转染至PC12细胞株,48h后IP3R1的mRNA和蛋白表达下调,以miR-NA2和miRNA3的沉默效应最佳。结论成功构建了大鼠IP3R1慢病毒表达载体pLenti6/V5-DEST-IP3R1,其可使大鼠PC12细胞株IP3R1表达下调,为利用RNA干扰技术进一步研究细胞内钙释放通道的功能奠定了基础。

FKBP12.6基因敲除对小鼠急性结肠炎模型结肠收缩的影响

目的探索FKBP12.6基因敲除对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导小鼠急性结肠炎模型结肠动力的影响及其初步机制。方法分别提取FKBP12.6基因敲除(knock-out,KO)组小鼠及野生小鼠(wild-type,WT)组结肠平滑肌m RNA,并利用反转录、RTPCR检测,证明FKBP12.6在野生型小鼠结肠平滑肌中表达。选择8~12周龄、雌雄比4∶9的野生型小鼠及与其年龄、性别相匹配同窝对照FKBP12.6基因敲除小鼠各26只,分别将其随机分为对照组及结肠炎组,即野生型对照组、野生型结肠炎组、基因敲除对照组、基因敲除结肠炎组,每组各13只。两结肠炎组小鼠均通过饮用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)溶液7 d诱导急性结肠炎模型。对比两结肠炎组小鼠临床表现、体质量减轻程度、结肠长度。测定4组小鼠离体结肠环形肌条静息状态下收缩情况。利用蛋白印迹方法检测结肠平滑肌钙通路相关蛋白(三磷酸肌醇受体1、受磷蛋白、大电导钙激活钾通道)表达。结果 KO对照组与WT对照组相比,结肠长度无差异。WT结肠炎组及KO结肠炎组临床表现、体质量减轻程度、结肠长度无差异。静息状态下,WT对照组及KO对照组结肠收缩频率无差异;WT结肠炎组较KO结肠炎组结肠自发收缩频率明显加快[(15.22±2.90)次/5 min vs(2.10±0.38)次/5 min,n=9,P<0.01];WT结肠炎组较WT对照组结肠自发收缩频率加快[(15.22±2.90)次/5 min vs(3.78±1.64)次/5 min,n=9,P<0.01];而KO结肠炎组较KO对照组结肠收缩频率无明显变化。蛋白印迹结果表明WT对照组与KO对照组IP3R1、PLB、BKCa无差异。在两结肠炎组中,KO组较WT组IP3R1表达减少(0.56±0.14 vs 0.84±0.09,P<0.05),BKCa表达上调(0.97±0.14 vs 0.53±0.13,P<0.05),PLB表达无统计学差异。结论 FKBP12.6敲除对DSS诱导小鼠结肠炎模型临床表现、体质量及结肠长度变化程度无影响。FKBP12.6敲除后DSS诱导小鼠结肠炎模型结肠平滑肌收缩频率接近野生对照组小鼠。

新型5-HT_(2A)选择性配体——N-取代哌啶-4-苯硫醚和砜类衍生物的合成及其生物活性

目的 为寻找新型的 5 HT2A受体选择性配体 ,设计合成了一系列二芳烷基哌啶类化合物的含硫衍生物。方法 以 2 ,3 二甲氧基硫酚为原料 ,经烃化、氧化和水解等反应合成 3个N 取代哌啶 4 苯硫醚和砜类化合物 ,所有目标化合物结构均经元素分析、1HNMR谱、质谱和红外光谱确证 ,并测定其对 5 HT2A,5 HT2C,5 HT6和 5 HT7受体及其他一些中枢神经递质受体的体外亲和力。结果 3个目标化合物 ( 2a - 2c)及 5个中间体均为新化合物。体外受体竞争结合试验结果表明 2a - 2c均有较高的 5 HT2A受体选择性。结论 此类化合物对 5 HT2A受体的选择性较高 。

Synthesis and biological evaluation of ^(99m)Tc-HEDTA/HYNIC-MPP4 complex for 5-HT1A receptor imaging

5-HT1A receptor is associated with a variety of pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Accordingly, we have synthesized a new 5-HT1A receptor ligand (HYNIC-MPP4) and labeled it with 99mTc using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) as coligand. 99mTc-HEDTA/HYNIC-MPP4 was prepared under pH 6 at room temperature. Biodistribution of 99mTc-HEDTA/HYNIC-MPP4 in normal mice showed that this complex had moderate brain uptake (0.60% ID·g-1 at 2 min p.i.) and good retention. The hippocampus had the highest radioactivity uptake at 2 min p.i. (1.84% ID·g-1). The ratio of Hipp/CB was 3.1 at 2 min p.i. and increased to 4.4 at 60 min p.i. After blocking with 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino) tetralin, the uptake of hippocampus was decreased significantly from 1.84% ID·g-1 to 0.53% ID·g-1 at 2 min p.i., while the cerebellum had no significant decrease. This 99mTc complex could be a potent agent for 5-HT1A receptor imaging.

6-姜烯酚对急性肺损伤小鼠肺水肿的治疗作用及机制研究

目的:观察6-姜烯酚(6-SH)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤(ALI)小鼠肺水肿的治疗作用,探究可能的作用机制。方法:采用随机数字表法将40只无特定病原体(SPF)级Balb/c小鼠分为对照组、模型组、6-姜烯酚组、地塞米松组,每组10只。鼻腔滴注LPS构建ALI模型,对照组滴注等量生理盐水。30 min后,给予6-姜烯酚组灌胃(100 mg/kg);地塞米松组给予腹腔注射(5 mg/kg);对照组和模型组给予灌胃等量生理盐水,24 h后结束实验,收集样本。测定肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)和肺系数;收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),测定白细胞计数和总蛋白浓度;观察肺组织病理学改变、计算病理评分;测定BALF上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)以及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;检测肺组织中Toll样受体4/核因子κB/水通道蛋白(TLR4/NF-κB/AQPs)信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组肺组织损伤明显,病理评分、肺系数、W/D增加(P<0.01),白细胞计数、总蛋白浓度及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的水平升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,6-姜烯酚组的肺系数和W/D降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),白细胞计数、总蛋白浓度以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的水平降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),AQP1和AQP5的蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01),TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65以及p-NF-κB p65的表达水平降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:6-姜烯酚可能通过调控TLR4/NF-κB/AQPs信号通路发挥其抗炎作用和改善肺组织水液代谢与转运,有效缓解ALI小鼠的肺组织水肿。