Input and output efficiency of urban agglomerations in China using DEA multi-stage model

In this study, we apply the data envelopment analysis(DEA) model to quantitatively measure the input and output efficiency of 19 urban agglomerations in China from 2011 to 2016. The results show that the input and output efficiency of urban agglomerations is relatively not high, only a small number of that reach the optimal DEA efficiency. It is clearly revealed that there are the regions from the east that presents the better performance, followed by regions from the central and the west. The peer counts show that Zhusanjiao is taken into account 12 times which shows the importance here of the Zhusanjiao model.Considering the values for radial movements and the slack movements, respective urban agglomeration has their improving orientation towards the capital slack, the labor slack or the land slack. It offers a scientific decision-making of for healthy urbanization and high quality development.

A Study on Input-Output Efficiency of Citrus in Jiangxi Province

This paper analyzes the citrus input-output efficiency by using the DEA-Malmquist productivity index methods based on the data of six counties in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2013.The result shows that TFP of Jiangxi citrus is at low level overall,but the development is rapid.Technological progress is the driving force to promote productivity growth.Based on the static analysis study of six counties in 2013,it is found that the available input factors on the whole are in an ideal condition,and the citrus input factors in a few counties are redundant.Therefore,according to the results,the following policy recommendations are proposed:speeding up the intensive production of citrus in Jiangxi Province,to maximize the scale effect;adjusting the input ratio of various factors of production,so as to improve the citrus input-output efficiency.

基于模糊DEMATEL-超效率DEA的可再生能源发电技术综合效益评估方法

“双碳”目标下,各类可再生能源发电技术发展迅速,综合权衡不同可再生能源发电方案的综合效益对可再生能源的优化设计具有重要意义。综合考虑经济效益、环境效益、能源效益和社会效益4个层面,提出了一种基于模糊决策试验和评价实验(decision making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)与超效率数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型的可再生能源发电技术综合效益评估方法。该方法分为投入-产出指标体系构建和综合评估2个阶段。首先,利用三角直觉模糊数处理模糊评价信息,将其与DEMATEL相结合量化各指标之间相互影响关系,基于指标间逻辑分析结果建立投入-产出评估指标体系。然后,基于超效率DEA模型对各可再生能源发电方案进行评估排序,结合投入冗余和产出不足分析结果给出各方案的针对性改善建议,以期为进一步选择和确定可再生能源产业发展战略提供参考。最后以某省10类可再生能源发电单元为研究对象,基于所提研究方法进行综合评估和分析,并与多准则妥协解排序法和熵权法进行对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于SWIPT的无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统能量效率研究

无小区大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)与非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)都是未来6G的使能技术。无线携能通信(Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,SWIPT)技术在进行信息解码的同时收集能量,与无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA优势互补。文中基于SWIPT研究无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统中的能量效率问题,通过联合优化功率分配系数和SWIPT的时隙切换(Time Switching,TS)系数,提高系统的能量效率。为了最大化能量效率,采用布谷鸟算法设计功率分配系数。考虑一种特殊情况,将所有终端的TS系数设置相同,进而推导了最佳TS系数的封闭表达式。仿真结果表明,相较于几种已有方案,文中提出的优化方案可以显著提升系统的能量效率。

Determining the Technical Efficiency of Specialty Ophthalmology Hospital Using SFA and DEA: 2009-2011

Introduction: During the last decade, the health sector of many countries in general has been faced significantly with the increase of health care costs and in particular with the growth in hospital costs, that a significant part of it is due to the inefficient use of resources. The present study has been calculated the technical efficiency of the Specialty Ophthalmology Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences by the comprehensive data analysis methods and stochastic frontier analysis. Methods: In this article, the technical efficiency of the Specialty Ophthalmology Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences has been calculated by the years of 2009 to 2011, by the comprehensive data analysis methods and stochastic frontier analysis. For this purpose, the form of input-oriented data envelopment analysis approach was used by assuming the variable Productivity to scale and stochastic frontier analysis method and from the five output, the occupied bed days, outpatient admissions, inpatient admissions, inpatient days and bed occupancy factor, and from the six output, it means active beds, number of doctors, nurses, and other personnel, budget and equipment costs were used for the study. For data analyzing, Deap software, edit 1/2 and Frontier edit 1/4, was used. Result: The results of a comprehensive data analysis method showed: 1) The capacity of improving technical efficiency in the studied sector is 34% (average technical efficiency is 0.663 parts);and 2) some of the sectors are met the excess inputs (factors of production). Technical efficiency using stochastic frontier analysis was equal to 0.937. In fact, the stochastic frontier analysis showed the inefficiency is less than the actual value. Conclusion: Reducing excess capacity factors (factors of production) should be conducted in the form of a comprehensive plan and by considering all regarded aspects, that this reduction plays a major role in the hospital and health sector costs reduction.

Energy efficiency and economic growth of China:1953-2006

Energy plays an important role in the economic life. With the rapid development of economy, the constraint of energy on the sustainable development of economy is becoming more and more obvious. This paper just Studies the factors influencing energy efficiency of China and the relationship between energy efficiency and China＇s economic： growth. By using time series multivariable linear regression methods with China＇s relevant data from 1953 to 2006, this paper constructs the regression model to analyze the factors that would impact energy, efficiency. After that, a regression model of China＇s real output to capital, labor and energy e lficiency is conducted to estimate the marginal contribution of every factor to the real output to prove the fundamental influence of energy efficiency to the economic growth. In the end, some policies and recommendations are also put forward in order to improve the energy efficiency; of China.

就业训练中心的职业技能培训效率研究——基于DEA-Malmquist评价模型的分析

基于2012—2021年份《中国劳动统计年鉴》中全国23个省、自治区、直辖市就业训练中心的面板数据,构建DEA-Malmquist评价模型,对各省就业训练中心职业技能培训的投入产出效率进行分析。结果显示,当前各地就业训练中心投入产出效率整体虽处于规模递增状态,但粗放型特征比较明显。建议各地提高对职业技能培训重要性的认识;协调区域间优质资源共享、构建清晰完整的职业技能发展路径;化解潜在的技术退步风险、改进资源投入方式;抓住“互联网+”机遇,积极探索新的效率增长点;实现培训效率和就业水平的整体提升。

Optimization of energy efficiency for the full-duplex massive MIMO systems

The energy efficiency（EE） for the full-duplex massive multi-input multi-output（MIMO） system is investigated. Given the transmit powers of both the uplink and the downlink, the closed-form solutions of the optimal number of antennas and the maximum EE are achieved in the high regime of the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）. It is shown that the optimal number of antennas and the maximum EE gets larger with the increase in user numbers. To further improve the EE, an optimization algorithm with low complexity is proposed to jointly determine the number of antennas and the transmit powers of both the uplink and the downlink. It is shown that, the proposed algorithm can achieve the system performance very close to the exhaustive search.

云南山地碳汇造林投入产出效率研究——基于DEA-Tobit模型的腾冲市农户实证分析

在考虑碳汇生态价值补偿和林业生产效率的基础上,将碳汇收益纳入林业产出中,分析农户碳汇林投入产出效率的变动趋势。基于云南省腾冲市清洁发展机制小规模造林和再造林项目数据,分别运用三阶段DEA和Tobit模型对区域农户投入产出效率及其影响因素进行研究。研究表明,目前腾冲市农户碳汇造林生产经营处于规模效益上升阶段,投入产出效率值为0.598,较低的纯技术效率是制约生产效率提升的关键因素,不同项目区的生产效率存在显著差异;林业补贴政策对碳汇林生产效率具有显著正向影响,林地细碎化程度和采伐指标申请也对生产效率有积极作用,而市场距离和苗木价格对投入产出效率有负面影响。建议优化林业碳汇政策,提高农户参与碳汇造林的意愿,鼓励通过优化资源配置实现更高的投入产出效率,从而实现生态发展和农民增收的双赢。

我国各地区数字经济发展水平及影响因素分析——基于DEA-Tobit模型的实证研究

运用熵权TOPSIS法综合测算2017—2021年我国30个省份数字经济发展的整体水平,在此基础上,采用数据包络分析方法(DEA)测算我国各省份数字经济效率情况,进而采用Tobit模型探究各省份数字经济发展水平的影响因素。研究结果表明,2017—2021年我国各省份数字经济整体发展水平和效率值不高并且地区分布差异明显,地区经济发展水平、政府干预度、人力资本水平、外资依存度对数字经济投入产出效率具有显著影响,而过高的投资规模会抑制数字经济效率的发展。在此基础上,提出需要发挥政府宏观调控作用,加大教育投资,落实人才引进政策,提高对外开放程度来提升数字经济发展水平的政策建议。

低频部署下MIMO-OFDM通信系统的频谱利用效率分析

主要深入研究低频部署下多进多出-正交频分复用(Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,MIMO-OFDM)通信系统的频谱利用效率,探讨低频部署对系统性能的影响,并提出相应的优化策略。详细分析低频部署对信号传输性能和频谱利用效率的影响,评估频谱利用效率,提出针对低频部署的MIMO-OFDM系统的优化策略,最后探讨低频部署下MIMO-OFDM系统的适用场景,为实际应用提供一些建议。

多中继无线供电系统线圈-电路参数优化设计研究

多中继无线供电系统包含线圈自感、互感、内阻、工作频率、补偿电容等众多设计参数。在满足负载功率需求的前提下,如何优化这些参数来设计系统输入输出特性并提升系统效率仍不明确。为此,该文以系统传输效率最优为目标,以同时实现恒压输出和零相角(zero phase angle,ZPA)输入特性为约束条件,提出了一种多中继无线供电系统线圈-电路参数优化设计方法。首先,基于二端口网络模型分析了恒压输出和ZPA输入的实现条件,以及传输效率的关键影响因素;其次,基于耦合系数与品质因数乘积指标对宽频率范围内的线圈最优匝数进行了分析;并根据所得到的最优线圈参数,提出了考虑恒压输出与ZPA输入特性的系统电路参数优化设计方法;最后,基于优化的线圈和电路参数搭建了一套五线圈无线供电系统样机,对线圈特性、输入输出特性以及系统效率进行了实验,验证了所提出参数优化设计方法的有效性。

基于输入并联输出串联的高效高升压比DC-DC变换器

随着新型可再生能源的快速发展,对高效、高升压比DC-DC变换器的需求日益增加。传统两级级联式结构中,前后两级均需传递全部功率,不利于系统效率的提升。为此,该文提出一种基于输入并联输出串联(IPOS)连接的上下堆叠式高升压比直流变换器,系统的上部分变换器工作在直流变压器(DCX)状态,实现恒电压比传输,处理大部分功率,通过对谐振点处的参数优化实现效率提升;下部分变换器则起到系统闭环动态调压的作用,传输小部分功率。该文详细介绍所提出结构的工作原理、参数设计以及平面变压器的优化设计,并搭建24~32 V/400 V、额定功率200 W、开关频率1 MHz的实验样机验证了理论分析的正确性,所搭建样机峰值测试效率高达96.3%。

基于混合精度DAC的下行去蜂窝大规模MIMO-WPT系统能量效率研究

本文研究了采用混合精度数模转换器(Digital-to-Analog Converter,DAC)架构的下行去蜂窝大规模多输入多输出无线携能(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Wireless Power Transfer,MIMO-WPT)系统.该系统中的用户(User Equipment,UE)收集接入点(Access Point,AP)发射的无线射频信号能量,基于加性量化噪声模型对量化后的能量信号建模,并引入混合DAC功耗模型,推导出UE收集到的能量(Harvested Energy,HE)和系统能量效率(Energy Efficiency,EE)闭式表达式.分析关键参数,如DAC精度、高精度DAC占比、AP/UE数目和AP发射功率等对下行WPT性能的影响.设计基于加速投影梯度(Accelerated Projected Gradient,APG)的EE最大化功率控制算法.该算法是一阶优化方法,且能求解出最优功率控制系数的闭式解,因此时间复杂度低,运行耗时短.仿真结果表明,与全低精度DAC结构相比,混合精度DAC结构可以同时改善HE和EE;对于不同高精度DAC占比的混合精度DAC结构,当除高精度DAC外的其余DAC的分辨率设置为5 bit时,在保证实现高HE的同时也可获得最优的EE;在中、低信噪比场景下,可以通过增大AP发射功率来改善系统EE;在UE数目较多的去蜂窝大规模MIMO-WPT系统中,所提的基于APG的功率优化算法不仅使等功率分配方案下的EE提升了约19.5%,而且同基于内点法的功率优化算法相比,运行耗时也大幅降低.

基于EW-SE-DEA模型的铁路货场运营效能评价

根据铁路货场运营效能评价结果,优化铁路货场资源配置,提升铁路货场运营能力和运营效率。以L铁路局所属60个铁路货场为研究对象,建立熵权‒超效率数据包络分析模型(EW‒SE‒DEA),评价铁路货场运营能力和运营效率。首先,构建定量化的货场投入产出指标体系;其次,借助熵权法(EW)定量评价铁路货场运营能力,以及采用超效率数据包络分析模型(SE‒DEA)评价铁路货场运营绩效;最后,对L铁路局货场进行综合评价,将铁路货场划分为低效高能、高效低能、高效高能和低效低能4种类型,同时结合投入冗余和产出不足分析铁路货场实际运营问题,提出针对性的经营管理策略和建议。研究发现,EW‒SE‒DEA模型可以摆脱定性评价的人为因素影响,有效识别货场能力和货场绩效。L铁路局货场效率和能力匹配度不高,存在的低效低能货场共占比91.7%,而高效高能货场仅有5个,占比8.3%,表明资源配置欠优化。根据铁路货场效能评价结果,结合SE‒DEA模型获得铁路货场的投入冗余和产出不足信息,针对性提出投入改善对策。采用EW‒SE‒DEA模型评价铁路货场,可以有效识别货场的效率、能力高低和匹配情况,了解铁路货场运营的真实情况和存在的问题,为铁路货场实际运营改善提供辅助决策。

基于DEA-ESDA模型的广西县(区)中医药卫生资源配置效率空间相关性研究

目的研究广西县(区)中医药卫生资源配置效率空间分布特征及其相关性,为优化广西中医药卫生资源配置提供参考。方法通过DEA-ESDA模型分析广西各县(区)中医药卫生资源的配置效率情况和卫生资源投入产出情况。结果2020年相较2015年,广西中医药卫生资源运行效率呈现递增的态势;资源配置效率全局空间特征呈有到无的发展状态(2015年P<0.05,Z=3.312)(2020年P>0.05,Z=0.615);局部特征主要分布在南宁市县(区)及其往南的桂西南片区,为低配置效率状态;各投入产出指标的局部空间高-高集聚分布主要集中在南宁市县(区)、低-低集聚主要集中在百色市县(区)。结论广西县(区)中医药卫生资源配置效率大致向好发展,资源投入和产出不均衡或是配置效率的重要影响因素。发达县(区)投入和产出量较高于偏远贫困县(区),但发达县(区)资源配置效率相对较低。

中国民航业绿色发展效率及其影响因素研究——基于超效率DEA-Malmquist指数模型

绿色转型,低碳发展成为我国新的趋势与潮流,民航业作为重要的交通运输方式之一,更是我国绿色发展的重点关注对象。该研究搜集各统计年鉴中的全国31个省份民航发展和大气污染数据,再通过筛选确定民航业绿色发展的投入产出指标,依托于DEA-Malmquist指数模型,对各省份民航业2011—2020年绿色发展效率进行测算,从技术效率、规模效率、全要素生产率及其变动特征出发,研究10年间民航绿色发展效率及其影响因素,对比分析不同省份地区、不同时间阶段的民航发展效率及其动态变化。在此基础上,提出未来发展的对策建议。

Toward the Energy Efficiency of Resource Allocation Algorithms for OFDMA Downlink MIMO Systems

The problem of the simultaneous multi-user resource allocation algorithm in orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)based systems has recently attracted significant interest.However,most studies focus on maximizing the system throughput and spectral efficiency.As the green radio is essential in 5G and future networks,the energy efficiency becomes the major concern.In this paper,we develop four resource allocation schemes in the downlink OFDMA network and the main focus is on analyzing the energy efficiency of these schemes.Specifically,we employ the advanced multi-antenna technology in a multiple input-multiple output(MIMO)system.The first scheme is based on transmit spatial diversity(TSD),in which the vector channel with the highest gain between the base station(BTS)and specific antenna at the remote terminal(RT)is chosen for transmission.The second scheme further employs spatial multiplexing on the MIMO system to enhance the throughput.The space-division multiple-access(SDMA)scheme assigns single subcarrier simultaneously to RTs with pairwise“nearly orthogonal”spatial signatures.In the fourth scheme,we propose to design the transmit beamformers based on the zero-forcing(ZF)criterion such that the multi-user interference(MUI)is completely removed.We analyze the tradeoff between the throughput and power consumption and compare the performance of these schemes in terms of the energy efficiency.

基于DEA-Malmquist的河南省R&D投入产出效率评价

【目的】R&D活动是科技创新在行动上的首要表现,通过研究河南省各地市对科研活动的投入,了解各行业科技创新绩效水平,以使本地区在创新主导的大环境下具备更高水平的价值创造能力。【方法】基于DEA-Malmquist评价模型,对2013—2021年河南省18个地市的R&D投入产出效率进行测度分析。【结果】结果发现:不同地市的R&D活动投入产出效率有些差距,多数地市的纯技术效率和规模效率都存在不同程度的提升空间。【结论】绝大部分地市R&D活动投入产出效率在不断提升,发展态势良好,应着力破解制约因素,有效提升供给效率。

基于熵值法-固定比例技术的机场运营效率计算新方法

机场运营效率研究对于实现我国民航事业持续健康发展有着重要意义。由于机场生产系统在大多数情况下包括不可替代的投入和不可转换的产出,传统方法不能准确计算机场运营效率,因此,文章提出了熵值法-固定比例技术(EFPR)方法分析机场的运营效率。固定比例(FPR)是一种用于输入不可替代、输出不可转换情况下的效率分析技术。同时,通过熵值法来定义FPR计算中每个标准的优先级权重。最后以中国部分机场为研究对象,分别计算机场的效率表现,并将其与传统数据包络分析方法 (DEA)结果进行比较。结果表明,熵值法-固定比例技术方法可以识别机场生产系统的异质性,其中货运量是机场产业最显著的产出参数,而机场客运量的分离度自2015年以来呈上升趋势。该方法可以有效识别高效率机场,具有更好的鲁棒性。