Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Affective Filter Hypothesis and Their Enlightenment to English Teaching in China

"The Input Hypothesis"and"The Affective Filter Hypothesis"are the most important branches of the"Monitor The ory"declared by the famous American linguist Krashen in 1980s.This thesis is based on Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Affec tive Filter Hypothesis,aiming to provide an applicable guide for foreign language teachers and learners in China.

Voltage-Mode Universal Biquad Filter Employing Single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier

A new multi function voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors and one resistor is proposed. The proposed configuration has four inputs and one output and can realize all the five standard filters from the same circuit configuration. The presented biquad filter offers low active and passive sensitivities. The validity of proposed universal biquadratic filter has been verified by SPICE simulation using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology.

A new layered space-time detection algorithm for frequency selective fading multiple-input multiple-output channels based on particle filter

In this paper, a new observation equation of non-Gaussian frequency selective fading Bell Labs layered space time （BLAST） architecture system is proposed, which is used for frequency selective fading channels and non-Gaussian noise in an application environment of BLAST system. With othogonal matrix triangularization （QR decomposition） of the channel matrix, the static observation equation of frequency selective fading BLAST system is transformed into a dynamic state space model, and then the particle filter is used for space-time layered detection. Making the full use of the finite alphabet of the digital modulation communication signal, the optimal proposal distribution can be chosen to produce particle and update the weight. Incorporated with current method of reducing error propagation, a new space-time layered detection algorithm is proposed. Simulation result shows the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Unknown Input Extended Kalman Filter and Applications in Nonlinear Fault Diagnosis

未知输入观察员是为线性系统的柔韧的故障诊断的最著名的策略之一，但是非线性的案例上的研究不是足够的。在另一方面，当非线性的确定的系统的一个观察员最近被导出，扩大 Kalman 过滤器(EKF ) 在非线性的评价，和它的集中是著名的。由联合 EKF 和未知输入 Kalman 过滤器，我们建议一个柔韧的非线性的评估者把未知输入称为 EKF (UIEKF ) 并且用线性矩阵不平等(LMI ) 在一些温和条件下面作为一个非线性的柔韧的观察员证明它的集中。一个三坦克的系统的模拟“ DTS200 ”，在工艺程序的控制的一个基准，基于 UIEKF 与不确定性，和故障诊断为非线性的系统作为一个观察员表明 UIEKF 的坚韧性和有效性被发现成功。

Implications of Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Affective Filter Hypothesis in College English Teaching

American linguist Krashen proposed the input hypothesis and affective filter hypothesis which has influenced linguistic world deeply. These two assumptions play an important role in improving learners' language ability in the process of second language acquisition. Applying two hypothesis theories to college English teaching, teachers' aim is to establish a new mode of language teaching and improve the efficiency of college English teaching.

An Identical Inputs-Adaptive Filter for the Detection of Signal’s Breakdown Points

Detection of the signal’s breakdown points is important for many science and engineering applications. Numerous signal processing methods have been used for this purpose. Of these, the adaptive prediction is simple and easy to implement, however;its simplicity and robustness are hindered by the required delay in the input signal. This paper introduces an efficient alternative to the adaptive prediction in the application of breakdown and inflection points’ detection. Unlike the adaptive predictor, the proposed filter doesn’t require a delay in the primary input to produce the filter’s reference input, which significantly improves the computation speed and overcome the problem of performance sensitivity to the delay value. The Normalized Least-Mean Squares algorithm was used to realize both the adaptive predictor and the proposed filter. The filters were implemented in LabVIEW system design software. The performances of the filters were studied using simulated signals and the simulation results were verified using an experimental signal. The simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed filter efficiently detects the signal breakdowns. Furthermore, the simplicity of the filter offered a significant improvement in the computation speed.

Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Affective Filter Hypothesis'Enlightenment to the Vocational English Teaching

The Krashen's second language acquisition theory have two important assumptions: input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. They can guide and inspire vocational teaching, because they start from the student's learning situation, guide teachers to adjust their teaching methods, and provide better service for teaching and learning. This paper mainly analyzes the Krashen's input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis'enlightenment to the vocational English teaching.

考虑输入时滞的舵机伺服系统自适应指令滤波输出反馈控制

针对舵机伺服系统运行过程中存在复杂非线性以及信号输入时滞、使系统的精度降低,严重时甚至造成系统失稳的问题,提出了一种考虑输入时滞的自适应指令滤波输出反馈控制策略。首先,将系统中存在的输入时滞考虑为控制器信号输入时滞,给出舵机伺服系统状态方程,选用梯度下降法设计时滞估计律对未知时滞进行估计;其次,将系统中存在的复杂非线性统一为扰动,选用扩展状态观测器(ESO)加以估计,将观测的系统状态值用于设计控制量实现输出反馈控制;然后,选用指令滤波将高阶求导过程转化为求积分,实现信号滤波以抑制微分噪声;最后,基于Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函稳定性定理证明控制器实现系统有界稳定。仿真及实验表明,所提的控制方法与传统反步控制方法、自抗扰控制和比例微分积分(PID)控制方法相比,响应时间分别提升了92%、88%和51%,跟踪精度分别提升了90%、84%和26%。

5G基站射频滤波器发展和分析

大规模多输入多输出技术是5G的关键技术之一,包含了多个射频通道,系统中的滤波器数量大幅增加,使得5G滤波器在保持高性能的同时对小型化和高集成度提出了更高要求。分析了5G射频基站滤波器的基本要求,介绍了射频基站滤波器的形式和特点,包括微带、波导腔、同轴、介质加载、陶瓷介质滤波器。通过分析不同形式基站滤波器的特点及研究现状,并进行综合对比,从性能、尺寸、成本方面综合考虑,陶瓷介质滤波器在5G基站中具有更大的发展空间。

Particle filter based stochastic interference cancellation for frequency-selective MIMO channel equalization

To mitigate the effects of the previous symbol decision errors of a decision-feedback （DF） equalizer on the current decision, a particle filter （PF） based DF equalizer for frequency selective multiple-input-multiple-output （MIMO） channel is proposed. On the basis of the analyses of DF equalization for the MIMO wireless system, it is found that a stochastic interference cancellation （IC） scheme can be employed to prevent the error propagation in a severe space-time interference scenario. This is because the random rather than the deterministic scheme can reduce the probability of an error decision even if an error decision occurs. Besides, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio （SINR） based IC order, which is obtained via pilot, can guarantee the optimality of the cancellation. The bit error rate （BER） performance of the proposed scheme is verified through simulation experiments under different multipath interference environment.

发射波束域MIMO-STAP雷达发射接收联合设计方法

研究了信号相关杂波背景下机载多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)雷达发射波束形成和接收滤波器的联合设计问题,建立了机载MIMO雷达发射波束域空时自适应处理(space-time adaptive processing,STAP)信号模型。为了提升杂波环境下目标的检测性能,通过最大化输出信干噪比构建了发射波束形成和接收滤波器的联合设计问题;然后,设计了一种新的基于优化最小化(majorization-minimization,MM)框架的迭代优化算法来解决联合设计问题。该算法通过合理寻找目标函数的下界可以有效提升算法的收敛速度并降低算法的运行时间。此外,与传统的相控阵雷达和MIMO雷达相比,优化后的发射波束形成和接收滤波器可以显著提升输出信干噪比,仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

AN ITERATIVE PARTICLE FILTER SIGNAL DETECTOR FOR MIMO FAST FADING CHANNELS

For flat fast fading Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) channels,this paper presents a sampling based channel estimation and an iterative Particle Filter(PF) signal detection scheme. The channel estimation is comprised of two parts:the adaptive iterative update on the channel distribution mean and a regular update on the "adaptability" via pilot. In the detection procedure,the PF is employed to produce the optimal decision given the known received signal and the sequence of the channel samples,where an asymptotic optimal importance density is constructed,and in terms of the asymptotic update order,the Parallel Importance Update(PIU) and the Serial Importance Update(SIU) scheme are performed respectively. The simulation results show that for the given fading channel,if an appropriate pilot mode is selected,the proposed scheme is more robust than the conventional Kalman filter based superimposed detection scheme.

输入受限下机器人关节神经网络自适应控制

针对机器人关节控制输入受限以及动力学模型中存在非线性摩擦、柔性变形和未知外部干扰力矩等问题,提出了一种基于径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络的输入饱和指令滤波自适应控制方法。基于指令滤波反步法,采用饱和函数约束控制输入的幅值,使用RBF神经网络在线逼近未知干扰,并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了闭环系统的所有误差最终一致有界。仿真结果表明,控制算法不仅使系统的控制输入幅值被严格约束在规定的范围之内,完成了对目标轨迹的高精度跟踪(跟踪误差约为±0.003 rad),而且还可抵抗外部阶跃干扰力矩和建模误差对控制系统的不良影响,保证系统的高精度与强鲁棒性,性能优于PID(propotional integral derivative)控制和普通指令滤波反步控制(command filter backstepping control,CFBC),对机器人关节在高精度领域应用与智能控制具有重要价值。

基于结构随机场的桥梁移动荷载统计矩识别

由于结构、材料不确定等因素,桥梁结构往往具有随机性,因此,基于桥梁结构的响应识别得到的桥梁所受移动荷载也是不确定的,但相关研究还较少。为此,本文研究桥梁结构为空间随机场的情况下,有效识别移动荷载的统计矩。提出的识别方法基于桥梁结构随机场的Karhunen⁃Loeve(KL)展开、未知输入的卡尔曼滤波与改进的两点估计法的结合。桥梁结构参数为空间相关的随机场,通过KL展开将随机场转化为多随机变量的组合。在多随机变量下的不确定传播中,利用改进的两点估计法,将识别移动荷载统计矩问题转化为若干个确定性识别移动荷载识别的逆问题。采用未知输入的卡尔曼滤波进行确定性识别移动荷载,可有效估计识别移动荷载的统计矩。通过数值模拟算例验证了提出的估计方法的有效性。

Ka波段回旋行波管高效率输入耦合器设计

为了实现Ka波段回旋行波管高纯度TE01模式输入,通过在输出口添加滤波结构,对二级功分TE01输入耦合器进行改进,改进后杂散模式传输效率由平均7%下降至2%。该结构主体为一个级联的两级Y型功分网络,能高效地实现矩形波导TE10模式到圆波导TE01模式的转换。在基于传输线理论对功分网络的传输性能理论分析的基础上,借助三维电磁仿真软件进行多次优化迭代,最终得到了一个在31 GHz附近模式转换效率大于99%的宽带TE01输入耦合器,该输入耦合器具有5 GHz的−0.1 dB插入损耗带宽,同时有效频带内的平均模式转换效率高达98.6%,模式纯度在99%以上并且回波损耗小于−15 dB。采用矢量网络分析仪对该器件进行了背靠背冷测实验,结果表明,其带内衰减约为0.5 dB,与仿真计算结果偏差较小,符合工程实际需求。

部分约束下空中目标拦截制导控制一体化方法

针对拦截空中目标的场景,提出一种考虑攻击角度的制导控制一体化(integrated guidance and control,IGC)方法,同时考虑输入饱和以及攻角的约束问题。首先,在俯仰平面下对包含不确定性的系统进行了建模。基于反演法和指令滤波器,处理了攻击角度约束问题和执行器机械限制的输入饱和问题,设计了含误差积分反馈的补偿项以处理跟踪误差,引入了障碍Lyapunov函数将攻角约束在预设区间。基于Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性和变量的有界性,以及各约束条件的成立性。仿真实验表明,方法能够以预设角度有效拦截目标,过程满足对输入以及攻角的约束条件,同时具备较强的鲁棒性。

未知非线性多智能体系统的分布式有限时间自适应神经网络控制

针对一类具有未知磁滞输入的非线性多智能体系统,提出了一种基于改进命令滤波器的分布式预设性能自适应神经网络渐近一致控制方案。首先,为保证系统的跟踪性能,提出了基于新型性能函数的有限时间Funnel控制方案,使得跟随者与领导者在有限的时间内输出一致。其次,利用径向基神经网络和放缩方法消除了未知非线性的影响。然后,使用命令滤波器解决了传统递归方法的“微分爆炸”难题。理论分析表明:该控制方案消除了未知磁滞输入的影响并且实现了一致性误差渐近收敛至0。最后通过实例仿真验证了文中控制方案的有效性。

含未知输入不确定系统的扩展递归滤波算法

对一类具有未知输入、乘性噪声和量测丢失的不确定系统的扩展递归滤波问题进行研究。其中,实际系统存在时变性和不确定性的情形通过乘性噪声描述;量测丢失现象用服从伯努利分布且统计特性已知的随机序列表示;先验信息未知的外界干扰以未知输入的形式存在于系统方程和量测方程中。综合考虑上述因素,首先,利用传统的递归滤波性质和线性无偏最小方差估计准则,设计一种能同时估计系统状态和未知输入的扩展递归滤波器;然后,采用加权最小二乘优化理论和拉格朗日乘子法求取滤波器中待定的增益矩阵;最后,通过数值仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。

一种具有纹波抑制功能的斩波稳定放大器

基于SMIC 0.18μm BCD工艺设计了一种低失调、低噪声的斩波稳定放大器。针对斩波调制技术引入输出纹波的问题,设计新型的乒乓结构陷波滤波器来抑制纹波,并采用复合路径多级放大器结构拓展了带宽。通过Spectre仿真验证,放大器增益带宽积为11.7 MHz,共模抑制比为145 dB,电源抑制比为126 dB。蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,放大器失调电压分布的标准差为3.54μV,输入噪声谱密度为32.1nV/√Hz,纹波抑制效果达83.1 dB。