OER-Enabled教学法在研究生课程教学中的应用探索

研究生课程教学改革一直是深化研究生教育改革的重点话题。研究根据OER-Enabled教学法的特点,通过设计开放活动、组建虚拟社区和搭建脚手架等对研究生课程教学进行改进,以提高研究生的学习参与度,增强其科研体验,最后,根据自身体验讨论了实践过程中存在的问题。OER-Enabled教学法在研究生课程教学中的应用探索,可以为研究生课程教学改革提供新的视野,探寻更优质的研究生课程教学模式。

Effective extraction of polyribosomes from astrocytes enables future discoveries on translation regulation

Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).

基于XML Enabled数据库技术的应用研究

利用XMLEnabled数据库DB2XMLAPI技术可以实现传统数据库向XML数据的动态转换,并在此基础上对生成的XML文档进行查询和显示。这种方法在保留了现有数据的基础上,减少了数据库读取次数,又满足了XML应用的需求,可作为一种面向B2CXML应用的通用方法。

XML-enabled空间数据库的索引系统

基于可伸缩矢量图形空间信息表达模型和合理的数据库结构,提出空间索引算法优化选择策略。结合设计模式思想,设计高内聚、低耦合的空间数据索引系统。该系统具有并行建立空间索引的能力,能实现异构XML-enabled空间数据库并行查询。实验结果证明,其检索效率比普通SQL查询高约66%。

Fano Resonance Enabled Infrared Nano-Imaging of Local Strain in Bilayer Graphene

Detection of local strain at the nanometer scale with high sensitivity remains challenging.Here we report near-field infrared nano-imaging of local strains in bilayer graphene by probing strain-induced shifts of phonon frequency.As a non-polar crystal,intrinsic bilayer graphene possesses little infrared response at its transverse optical phonon frequency.The reported optical detection of local strain is enabled by applying a vertical electrical field that breaks the symmetry of the two graphene layers and introduces finite electrical dipole moment to graphene phonon.The activated phonon further interacts with continuum electronic transitions,and generates a strong Fano resonance.The resulted Fano resonance features a very sharp near-field infrared scattering peak,which leads to an extraordinary sensitivity of-0.002%for the strain detection.Our results demonstrate the first nano-scale near-field Fano resonance,provide a new way to probe local strains with high sensitivity in non-polar crystals,and open exciting possibilities for studying strain-induced rich phenomena.

Generating femtosecond coherent X-ray pulses in a diffractionlimited storage ring with the echo-enabled harmonic generation scheme

To study ultrafast processes at the sub-picosecond level, novel methods based on coherent harmonic generation technologies have been proposed to generate ultrashort radiation pulses in existing ring-based light sources. Using the High Energy Photon Source as an example, we numerically test the feasibility of implementing one coherent harmonic generation technology, i.e.,the echo-enabled harmonic generation(EEHG) scheme, in a diffraction-limited storage ring(DLSR). Two different EEHG element layouts are considered, and the effect of the EEHG process on the electron beam quality is also analyzed. Studies suggest that soft X-ray pulses, with pulse lengths of a few femtoseconds and peak powers of up to1 MW, can be generated by using the EEHG scheme, while causing little perturbation to the regular operation of a DLSR.

Systems Immunology Enabled Immune Engineering

The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade.Since CD8+T cell is the main driving force behind cancer elimination,then having a complete and competent T cell repertoire to cover all possible cancer antigens expressed by cancer cells should be a determining factor to the success of this therapy.Conversely,if there are'holes'in patients’T cell repertoire and/or'weak spots'manifested as functional dysregulation or exhaustion on T cells specific to a set of cancer antigens that dominantly expressed by cancer cells,cancer immune escape is inevitable.However,these two types of cancer immune escape might need different treatment strategies:the first group with'holes'in the T cell repertoire,whether the'holes'are taking on a form of missing T cells to cover these cancer antigens or missing high-affinity TCRs that are known to be more sensitive to antigen stimulation,would be benefited from TCR re-directed adoptive cell transfer(ACT)therapy;the other group with T cell repertoire'weak spots'would be benefited from immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with additional stimulatory factors such as cytokines and peptide vaccine.In the past decade,we have developed several tools to profile the T cell repertoire from T cell receptor diversity to T cell receptor affinity to high-throughput linking antigen specificity to single T cell receptor sequences in large scale.In this talk,I will first introduce these tools and then give examples on how we use them to answer some of the fundamental questions in systems immunology with a focus on cancer immunology,which in turn help us design new therapeutics immune engineering.

Next Generation Network Enabled by ZTE's Softswitch Technology

Softswitch technology integrates the su-periorities of both an intelligence net-work and the Internet, which embodiesits maturity and advancement. With ahierarchical network model, it effectivelysolves problems of evolution and convergenceof current communication networks. It also fol-

Biologically Enabled Syntheses of Nanostructured 3-D Sensor Materials:the Potential for 3-D Genetically Engineered Microdevices (3-D GEMs)

Three-dimensional (3-D)self-assembly of nanos- tructures and nanodevices on a large scale remains a grand quest for mankind.Freestanding nanostructured assemblies with controlled 3-D shapes can exhibit attractive properties for sensor and other applications. Protocols for 3-D self-assembly that can be scaled up for mass production on a large up to tonnage)scale, while preserving morphological features on a small (down to nanometer)scale,are needed to allow for widespread use of 3-D nanostructures in advanced devices.However,these often conflicting requirements of scalability and precision pose a difficult challenge for synthetic (man-made)processing routes.

An Internet-enabled Integration of Concurrent Engineering with Co-design

In this paper,the Web-based integration methodology and framework have been developed to facilitate collabora- tive and concurrent engineering design in distributed manufacturing environments.The distributed concurrent engineering and co- design are discussed as key components in the mechanism.The related integration system is presented,which includes four function- al modules:co-design,Web-based visualization,manufacturing analysis and look-up service.It can be used for a design team geo- graphically distributed to organize a collaborative and concurrent engineering design effectively.In particular,the collaborative mechanism incorporated with Java-based and Internet-enabled technologies can generate extended strategies for design and planning. Thus,the proposed integration architecture enables the system to be generic,open and scalable.Finally,for the trend of global manufacturing,a case study of Internet-enabled collaborative optimization is introduced and a discussion on teamwork capability is made.

Co-opting signalling molecules enables logic-gated control of CAR T cells

Although chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells have altered the treatment landscape for B cell malignancies,the risk of on-target,off-tumour toxicity has hampered their development for solid tumours because most target antigens are shared with normal cells1,2.Researchers have attempted to apply Boolean-logic gating to CAR T cells to prevent toxicity3-5;however,a truly safe and effective logic-gated CAR has remained elusive6.

An enzyme cascade enables production of therapeutic oligonucleotides in a single operation

Therapeutic oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful drug modality with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases;however,the rising number of therapies poses a manufacturing challenge.Existing synthetic methods use stepwise extension of sequences immobilized on solid supports and are limited by their scalability and sustainability.We report a biocatalytic approach to efficiently produce oligonucleotides in a single operation where polymerases and endonucleases work in synergy to amplify complementary sequences embedded within catalytic self-priming templates.This approach uses unprotected building blocks and aqueous conditions.We demonstrate the versatility of this methodology through the synthesis of clinically relevant oligonucleotide sequences containing diverse modifications.

算法赋能政府规制:逻辑、限度与发展方向

在算法治理时代,算法既是需要规制的对象,也是赋能政府规制以实现更好规制的治理工具。社会高度计算化和算法的规则属性给予了算法赋能的技术逻辑,数字化转型引致的规制困境和私人算法滥用奠定了算法赋能的现实逻辑,提升规制效能增进民生福祉形塑了算法赋能的价值逻辑。但是,算法运行本身存在的内在局限,以及规制者能力不足或不当运用,导致算法赋能政府规制存在着复杂性难以化约、被动规制俘获、规制权力泛化、可问责性和算法偏差等限度。发挥算法赋能政府规制的积极作用,促进算法与政府规制融合发展,必须坚持规制者的主体地位,完善政府规制的体制机制,强化制度建设,保障算法在可控和可信赖的轨道上运行。

赋能型增长与嵌入式发展:脱贫地区特色小镇何以从帮“扶贫”转向助“振兴”——基于陕西省石泉县“金蚕小镇”的实地调查

精准扶贫时期,在产业扶贫政策推动下,中西部地区兴起特色小镇建设热潮。随着脱贫攻坚任务胜利完成,这些特色小镇的角色能否从帮“扶贫”转向助“振兴”,关系着巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接。从调研来看,大多数特色小镇在脱贫攻坚结束后并未实现可持续发展。一方面,是因为其长期依赖外部扶持,自身发展能力严重不足;另一方面,是由于其未能真正融入乡土社会,难以适应乡村振兴的要求。陕西省石泉县“金蚕小镇”的实践经验表明,赋能型增长与嵌入式发展能够有效应对当前脱贫地区特色小镇面临的“只能帮扶贫,难以助振兴”的发展困境。其中,赋能型增长主要通过对特色小镇的制度、经济、服务、人才方面进行赋能,为其从帮“扶贫”转向助“振兴”奠定基础;嵌入式发展则为特色小镇参与主体、产业协同、文化创新、数字技术等融入乡村社会建立起沟通桥梁,为其从帮“扶贫”转向助“振兴”提供了实现路径。

人工智能赋能的居家社区养老服务发展及其生态系统优化策略研究

伴随人工智能技术在养老领域的应用,居家社区养老服务呈现协同演化的发展趋势。这既为人口老龄化下破解养老服务供给不足难题带来重大机遇,也给传统居家养老服务模式转型升级提出新的挑战。基于人工智能的技术特征,从“技术创新—要素整合—系统优化”过程维度揭示人工智能赋能的居家养老服务发展路径,并以生态系统理论为分析框架,从“宏观—中观—微观”层面剖析人工智能赋能居家社区养老服务面临规范性与引领性政策缺位、参与主体协作网络不紧密、养老服务供给和需求结构性失衡三个障碍。据此,应从宏观层面完善配套政策,加大对人工智能养老服务的支持力度;从中观层面推进数据汇聚与整合,促进多主体协同联动;从微观层面精准识别老年人需求,提升养老服务供给效率与能力。

Exploring“Enabling Behaviours”of Wives of Persons with Substance Use Disorder in Chapter 8 of the Big Book of Alcoholic Anonymous

Substance use disorder has a damaging effect on the family members of alcoholics and drug users.On the other hand,the reactions and behaviours of family members may negatively influence a person with substance use disorder.The behaviours of significant others of a person with substance use disorder that contribute to the maintenance of substance use disorder are called enabling.This study aimed to explore enabling behaviours of wives of persons with substance use disorder in Chapter 8 of Alcoholic Anonymous’Big Book by utilising qualitative content analysis.Alcoholics Anonymous(AA)is one of the most commonly used programs for recovery from alcoholism.The current study sought to help mental health professionals get a better understanding of the views and premises of the AA program in reference to enabling behaviours of wives by conducting a qualitative content analysis of the AA Big Book.The study also discusses the healthy behaviours suggested by the authors of the Big Book and the comprehensiveness of the text for the readers.

综采液压支架中部跟机多模态人机协同控制系统

我国煤矿智能化综采工作面建设处于初级阶段,液压支架电液控自动化技术已广泛应用,但目前液压支架单一固化的自动化控制逻辑难以适应复杂、多变、动态的工作面生产场景,现场实际控制过程仍大多采用自动化+人工干预方式。针对综采工作面复杂场景中液压支架人机交互协作任务需求,提出液压支架中部跟机多模态人机协同控制系统的理论方法与技术原理。首先,设计了人工式、分工式、批准式、否决式4种人机协同模态,以煤层地质、瓦斯粉尘、采煤机速度、液压支架智能水平、系统状态、岗位工技术水平、任务负荷等为判别因素,构建了基于AOG的液压支架人机协同模态选择模型,实现了人工、机器偏好的模态选择。然后,设计了液压支架中部跟机人机协同控制决策机制,提出液压支架中部跟机再次调控策略AI推理技术思路,利用现场数据学习人工操作经验,分别构建了液压支架是否再次调控决策树分类模型和再次拉架时间贝叶斯回归模型,基于上述模型开发了液压支架人机协同控制决策程序,实现了基于多模态与或推理和再次调控策略AI推理的液压支架人机协同控制。最后,采用云-边-端架构软硬件技术,开发了液压支架多模态人机协同控制系统,实现了模型进化、运算推理、程序执行等液压支架多模态人机协同控制功能。该系统在沙曲二矿3404工作面进行了工业试运行,相比于系统使用前,该工作面液压支架中部跟机效率平均提高2%。

从高原向高峰抵进——新时代戏剧艺术发展概览

进入新时代以来,戏剧工作者努力创造无愧于时代的优秀戏剧作品[1],由艺术高原向艺术高峰不断抵进。在历史剧创作中,挖掘中华民族的优秀传统、文化积淀、历史文献,出现了一批以古代历史和文人贤士为素材的戏剧,以此赓续优秀传统,弘扬民族精神,知古鉴今,推陈出新。在红色历史、革命题材戏剧创作中,表现中国共产党人艰苦奋斗的卓绝历程,塑造人民英雄。在现实题材戏剧创作中,以一大批主题性艺术作品书写当代传奇,追求现实诗意。在文学作品的戏剧改编中,有效实现了从文学到戏剧的转型,取得了良好的剧场效益。此外,“新空间”“云演艺”,科技赋能戏剧,在剧场艺术的呈现与传播途径的延展方面也取得了突破性进展。

人工智能赋能民族团结进步教育改革研究

民族团结进步教育是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要方式,也是全面推进民族团结进步事业的基础性工程。智能时代人工智能技术的广泛应用,为民族团结进步教育改革注入了新的动能。在人工智能的赋能下,民族团结进步教育在理念革新、主体协同、方法拓展、评价改革等方面呈现出全新发展态势,为推动民族团结进步教育高质量发展提供新的驱动力。但相关制度和数据标准欠缺、技术至上、智能素养缺乏、数据主义弊端、伦理抉择模糊等问题给人工智能赋能民族团结进步教育改革带来了一定隐忧,影响了民族团结进步教育实效。为实现人工智能赋能民族团结进步教育改革高质量发展,应坚持问题导向,着力在制度保障、价值引领、素养培育、数据治理、伦理嵌入等方面加以改革,进而不断延展和深化传统民族团结进步教育理论视野和实践视域,提升民族团结进步教育实效,进一步铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

AI赋能高校图书馆深度数字阅读推广的路径探索

AI技术迅猛发展并赋能各行各业,为高校图书馆数字阅读推广向深度拓展提质提供了新思路。结合研究现状及已有实践,从构建智能化知识服务流程、打造多模态应用场景支撑、设计沉浸式交互式活动、分析转化用户黏性活跃度、协作共建推广生态体系等方面,探索了AI技术赋能高校图书馆深度数字阅读推广的有效路径。