Pumping-induced Well Hydraulics and Groundwater Budget in a Leaky Aquifer System with Vertical Heterogeneity in Aquitard Hydraulic Properties

In groundwater hydrology,aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers,despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation.A semi-analytical solution is derived for pumping-induced well hydraulics and groundwater budget with consideration of vertical heterogeneity in aquitard hydraulic conductivity(K)and specific storage(S_(s)).The proposed new solution is innovative in its partitioning of the aquitard into multiple homogeneous sub-layers to enable consideration of various forms of vertically heterogeneous K or S_(s).Two scenarios of analytical investigations are explored:one is the presence of aquitard interlayers with distinct K or S_(s) values,a common field-scale occurrence;another is an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a regional-scale phenomenon supported by statistical analysis.Analytical investigations reveal that a low-K interlayer can significantly increase aquifer drawdown and enhance aquifer/aquitard depletion;a high-S_(s) interlayer can noticeably reduce aquifer drawdown and increase aquitard depletion.Locations of low-K or high-S_(s) interlayers also significantly impact well hydraulics and groundwater budget.In the context of an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a larger decay exponent can enhance aquifer drawdown.When using current models with a vertically homogeneous aquitard,half the sum of the geometric and harmonic means of exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s) should be used to calculate aquitard depletion and unconfined aquifer leakage.

Discussion on Construction Project Cost Budget Settlement Review

Construction project cost control involves many complex contents,forming a large amount of data information.If the processing method is unreasonable,it will likely affect the cost control efficiency.Therefore,in the current construction project management,the review of project cost budget settlement is the focus to solve the cost management problems of construction projects and promote the development of the construction industry.This article mainly analyzes the influencing factors and current situation of construction project cost budget settlement review,and based on this,it explores the project cost budget settlement review strategy to promote the healthy development of construction project cost work.

Discussion on Cost Budgeting and Cost Control Strategies for Prefabricated Construction Projects

In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of the prefabricated construction industry is constantly accelerating.To effectively ensure the economic benefits of engineering projects,it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen cost budgeting and cost control.This article analyzes the cost budget of prefabricated construction projects,introduces the application advantages of prefabricated construction,and proposes specific cost budgeting and cost control measures,hoping to provide some reference for relevant researchers.

Link Budget and Enhanced Communication Distance for Ambient Internet of Things

Backscatter communications will play an important role in connecting everything for beyond 5G(B5G)and 6G systems.One open challenge for backscatter communications is that the signals suffer a round-trip path loss so that the communication distance is short.In this paper,we first calculate the communication distance upper bounds for both uplink and downlink by measuring the tag sensitivity and reflection coefficient.It is found that the activation voltage of the envelope detection diode of the downlink tag is the main factor limiting the back-scatter communication distance.Based on this analysis,we then propose to implement a low-noise amplifier(LNA)module before the envelope detection at the tag to enhance the incident signal strength.Our experimental results on the hardware platform show that our method can increase the downlink communication range by nearly 20 m.

Analysis of Hospital Budget Management Control Based on Smart Hospital

Hospitals are crucial healthcare facilities where patients seek treatment,and effective budget management within hospitals significantly impacts their operational efficiency and financial performance.In the age of information technology and advanced healthcare solutions,the emergence of smart hospitals represents a new trend in the medical industry’s evolution.Leveraging modern information technology can enhance the development of hospital IT systems and drive budget management toward greater intelligence.This paper begins by analyzing the influence of smart hospitals on hospital budget control.It then examines the current state of budget management control within smart hospitals.Finally,it proposes several strategies for budget management control in smart hospitals,aiming to provide guidance for relevant stakeholders.

Incentive-compatible and budget balanced AGV mechanism for peer-to-peer energy trading in smart grids

Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading refers to a type of decentralized transaction,where the energy from distributed energy resources is directly traded between peers.A key challenge in peer-to-peer energy trading is designing a safe,efficient,and transparent trading model and operating mechanism.In this study,we consider a P2P trading environment based on blockchain technology,where prosumers can submit bids or offers without knowing the reports of others.We propose an Arrow-d’Aspremont-Gerard-Varet(AGV)-based mechanism to encourage prosumers to submit their real reserve price and determine the P2P transaction price.We demonstrate that the AGV mechanism can achieve Bayesian incentive compatibility and budget balance.Kernel density estimation(KDE)is used to derive the prior distribution from the historical bid/offer information of the agents.Case studies are carried out to analyze and evaluate the proposed mechanism.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in guiding agents to report the true reserve price while maximizing social welfare.Moreover,we discuss the advantages of budget balance for decentralized trading by comparing the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)and AGV mechanisms.

Pointing Fingers from A Glass House The fundamental purpose of the increase in China’s defense budget is to safeguard national security and meet the challenges of global changes unseen in a century

On March 5,the Ministry of Finance released the 2023 government budget draft report,according to which China’s defense budget of 2023 will be 1.55 trillion yuan(US$224.79 billion),an increase of 7.2 percent year on year,which is only 0.1 percentage points higher than 2022.The release of the defense budget attracted the attention of many foreign media outlets,some of which delivered distorted interpretations and exaggerated“China’s threat of force.”On March 6,Tan Kefei,spokesperson for the delegation of the People’s Liberation Army and the People’s Armed Police Force to the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress,said that China has adhered to the principle of coordinated development of national defense and economic development.

Kinetic Energy Budgets during the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Rammasun (2014)

In this study,Typhoon Rammasun(2014)was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model to examine the kinetic energy during rapid intensification(RI).Budget analyses revealed that in the inner area of the typhoon,the conversion from symmetric divergent kinetic energy associated with the collocation of strong cyclonic circulation and inward flow led to an increase in the symmetric rotational kinetic energy in the lower troposphere.The increase in the symmetric rotational kinetic energy in the mid and upper troposphere resulted from the upward transport of symmetric rotational kinetic energy from the lower troposphere.In the outer area,both typhoon and Earth’s rotation played equally important roles in the conversion from symmetric divergent kinetic energy to symmetric rotational kinetic energy in the lower troposphere.The decrease in the symmetric rotational kinetic energy in the upper troposphere was caused by the conversion to asymmetric rotational kinetic energy through the collocation of symmetric tangential rotational winds and the radial advection of asymmetric tangential rotational winds by radial environmental winds.

全成本预算绩效管理的改革实践与未来展望

全成本预算绩效管理通过打开成本的“黑箱”,进一步增强了成本与产出之间的实质联系,是避免预算绩效管理流于形式的关键所在。本文针对预算管理实践中存在的成本核定不准确、预算投入不合理等问题,从理论机制和实践应用两个方面入手,深入剖析了全成本预算绩效管理区别于传统预算绩效管理的主要特征与关键优势。面对成本界定、成本分摊与成本效益信息运用中的诸多挑战,本文提出在考虑成本生成主体的基础之上,构建基于不同主体的成本核算机制,统一成本分摊标准,审慎考虑成本效益分析的实施项目与运用程度,实行绩效奖励与收入分成机制。本文希望为进一步深化预算绩效管理改革提供有效抓手。

两次不同生命史东移高原涡的动力结构与成因分析

利用NCEP再分析资料对2008年6月25-27日和2013年6月4-10日两次东移出高原的高原涡过程进行结构特征和演变机制的诊断分析,探讨两次长、短路径高原涡过程的结构特征和造成不同生命史的影响因子。结果表明:(1)路径短的扎多涡活动过程中,南亚高压呈扁平状,高空急流偏南,高原涡处在下滑槽中移出高原;路径长的曲麻莱涡活动过程中,南亚高压有些北拱,高原涡处在南亚高压脊前西北气流下空,副高偏南,高原涡随低槽东移加强,并伴有西南涡东移。(2)两次高原涡过程结构特征差异明显,主要表现在扎多涡在高原上增强时、曲麻莱涡与西南涡耦合及之后再度加强时的结构特征,前者低涡处在600~350 hPa较深厚的正涡度、上升运动层内,还具有对流层高层强辐散的结构特征;后者具有对流层高、中、低层正涡度贯通、对流层内为上升运动、对流层低层辐合,对流层高层弱辐散的结构特征,其中对流层低层由整个对流层内为最强正涡度,演变为整个对流层内为最强正涡度、最强上升运动、最强辐合。(3)总涡度收支诊断表明,散度项变化对低涡总涡度变率变化起决定性作用。扎多涡的强度变化与散度项变化一致。曲麻莱涡在与西南涡伴行过程中,垂直输送项、水平平流项的影响在加强。(4)涡中心区500 hPa正涡度变率的收支分析看出,高原涡在没有西南涡活动时,对高原涡的500 hPa正涡度变率贡献的主要是涡度辐合造成的;在有西南涡活动时,随着与西南涡垂直方向叠合、伴行,正涡度垂直输送显得更加重要。

政府债务预算硬约束与地方财政可持续性提升

地方政府债务风险的不断积累已成为地方财政可持续性的最大阻碍。以新《预算法》实施后,地方政府债务管理的“开前门”和“关后门”两个阶段改革为准自然实验,分析了政府债务预算硬约束对地方财政可持续性的影响。研究发现:地方政府债务管理的两阶段改革都对地方财政可持续性具有显著的正向提升影响;从作用机制来看,“开前门”和“关后门”阶段改革分别通过财政收支巩固和债务规模控制来发挥对地方财政可持续性的有效作用;异质性分析来看,地方政府举债行为激励较弱和财政监管力度较高的地方,政府债务预算硬约束对地方财政可持续性的正向效应会更加显著。研究结果为推进债务预算硬约束来防范地方政府债务风险和提升地方财政可持续性提供了政策启示。

平衡计分卡在公共部门预算绩效管理中的应用分析——基于学习与成长视角的考察

作为平衡计分卡的基础,学习与成长视角不仅是平衡计分卡价值创造的动力和源泉,而且融入了预算绩效管理的各个环节。但是在具体应用中,平衡计分卡仍然面临着学习反馈与人才培养机制有待完善、预算绩效信息质量急需提高等一系列挑战。在未来的改革中,应不断优化预算绩效管理中的学习反馈机制,将奖惩激励措施有机融入人才培养机制,通过多元化数据来源和建立平衡计分卡专项数据库等手段,持续提升预算绩效信息管理的技术水平。

太行山中南段暖季极端降水的水汽输送特征

利用自动气象站观测降水、ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis version 5)再分析资料和GDAS(Global Data Assimilation System)资料,基于SOMs(self-organizing maps)算法和天气学检验方法,归纳总结2012—2021年太行山中南段75次暖季极端降水事件的环流形势,探讨不同形势下的水汽输送特征及降水差异。结果表明:影响太行山中南段暖季极端降水的环流形势可分为高空槽型、低涡型、副高纬向型、副高经向型和西北气流型5种,其中以高空槽型最为常见,西北气流型最少。低涡型存在孟加拉湾、南海和西北太平洋水汽输送通道,其日降水极值、最大小时降水强度和影响范围在所有类型中均最大,与低涡型相比,高空槽型缺少西北太平洋水汽输送通道,而副高纬向型和副高经向型缺少孟加拉湾水汽输送通道。利用HYSPLIT(hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory)模型追踪气团发现:低涡型和副高纬向型均以来自西北太平洋的水汽输送贡献最大,高空槽型和副高经向型分别以来自黄海沿岸和南海的水汽输送贡献最大。整层水汽收支分析表明:太行山中南段暖季极端降水最主要的水汽流入来自南边界,其他流入边界及各边界水汽流入贡献的相对大小与环流形势有关。

绩效管理视角下的社会性别预算改革

社会性别预算深入考量预算决策对不同性别群体的影响,有助于促进社会公平与性别平等。浙江温岭创新参与式性别预算之后,社会性别预算改革的推进略显顿挫,仅有个别地方的妇女发展规划对社会性别预算有所提及。笔者认为,通过强化绩效管理,有助于确定财政支出优先次序、评估性别目标的有效性、追踪性别预算成果进展。今后可以考虑从绩效管理视角出发来推动社会性别预算改革,在制度层面进一步健全包含性别统计、性别影响绩效评估、性别审计的性别预算绩效管理制度框架,在技术层面通过执行性别平等资源分配绩效评估、推进社会性别预算绩效评价、编制社会性别预算相关报表来提升性别预算绩效管理水平。

人工智能与财政预算支出管理——基于公共卫生预算的分析

通过将人工智能运用于公共卫生预算分配,本文实证检验了人工智能方法在财政预算支出管理中的有效性。本文以2014—2022年广东21个地级市为研究样本,构建人工智能模型探讨公共卫生预算支出与人口死亡率、甲乙类传染病发病数量和人均地区生产总值等多目标的联系。研究发现:第一,提高卫生监督机构、突发公共卫生应急处理以及疾病预防控制机构预算水平是降低人口死亡率的有效途径;第二,优化基本公共卫生服务、城市社区卫生机构和老龄卫生健康事务的预算分配是控制甲乙类传染病发病数量的关键;第三,疾病预防控制机构、突发公共卫生事件应急处理和采供血机构的预算支出是保障劳动力健康和经济增长的基石;第四,控制传染病发病数量与提高人均地区生产总值存在一定程度的目标冲突,而降低人口死亡率与提高生产总值的目标则较为一致。

市场渗透率约束下的拼车奖励方案优化模型

目前,我国拼车出行交通模式的市场份额相对较低,在缓解交通拥堵、节能减排方面仍有巨大潜力未被充分挖掘。基于奖励的交通需求管理策略可以提高民众拼车出行意愿,但奖励方案的设置与拼车出行的市场渗透率高度相关,不合理的奖励方案容易导致成本增加,甚至项目破产。为进一步激发拼车需求,合理利用交通资源,文中提出一种基于路段的拼车奖励方案优化模型,以拼车为支点,以奖励为杠杆,实现社会出行总成本的降低。其中,上层模型旨在寻找最优拼车奖励方案以最小化社会出行总成本,下层模型为相应奖励方案下的拼车出行车辆和单人驾驶车辆用户均衡流量分配模型。采用嵌套Frank-Wolfe算法的遗传算法求解该模型,并以Sioux Falls路网和Nguyen Dupuis路网为算例对模型的可行性及有效性进行了验证。结果表明:不符合市场渗透率的预算投入会导致社会总成本大幅上涨;在最优拼车奖励方案下,社会出行总成本降低约24.53%,50%的拥堵路段的拥堵得到缓解,出行公平性问题得到缓和。文中提出的模型可为道路管理者设置科学、合理的拼车奖励方案提供理论基础。

从乌海经验看用水预算管理的创新探索

内蒙古自治区乌海市基于自身水资源条件和现实需求,创新探索用水预算管理模式,建立“零基预算”的用水管理规则,明确用水预算管理各项程序,并将用水预算管理与定额管理、计划用水管理有机结合起来,推进全链条节水,构建水资源需求侧管理体系,为提升水资源利用效率提供了制度保障。文章基于对乌海市用水预算管理经验启示的总结,提出对用水预算管理的思考和认识,针对推进全国用水预算管理试点建设提出建议。

大气氧化能力量化研究

大气氧化能力(AOC)通常是指大气通过氧化过程去除大气中微量气体成分的速率总和。在对流层和近地层大气中,AOC主要表观为对污染气体的清除能力或净化能力,亦称大气氧化性。AOC是地球大气自洁净的核心能力,但一直缺乏对其内涵的深入认知和对其指标的量化描述。本文作者通过承担国家重点研发计划“区域大气氧化能力与空气质量的定量关系及调控原理”研究等项目,从大气化学基本理论入手,对AOC开展了系列研究,并在其量化表达方面取得了突破性进展。本文将围绕“大气氧化能力量化研究”这一科学问题,对这些进展进行简要的描述。首先在深入认知AOC内涵的基础上,分别从大气化学的热力学和动力学基本原理出发,构建了大气氧化能力表观指数(AOIe)和潜势指数(AOIp),并通过二者归一化指数日变化闭合研究,发现了非均相化学过程对AOC的贡献不容忽视。随着PM2.5污染的加重,无论夏季还是冬季,AOIe亦随之增加,但在冬季AOIp则出现了相反的情景,表现出AOIp的变化受气象条件的影响更大。AOC闭合研究思路用于大气OH自由基的储库分子HONO“未知源”研究,发现了北京大气HONO的重要非均相来源,阐释了MCM(Master Chemical Mechanism)机制对冬季AOC低估的重要原因。AOIp用于预测我国大气臭氧污染潜势格局,发现臭氧光化学生成表观潜势(AOIp_O_(3))与NO_(2)的光解系数[J(NO_(2))]直接相关,全国J(NO_(2))的年均值为4.39×10^(-3)s^(-1),高值区主要分布在四川、贵州、重庆和湖南等地。与其他化学反应氧化性指数对比,AOIe与AOIp组合指数更具准确性、普适性和实用性,可评价已发生的污染过程AOC的变化,亦可预测城市或区域重污染发生的可能性及其变化和格局。

基于聚类和深度学习的车联网轨迹隐私保护机制

针对车联网轨迹发布中用户面临的隐私泄露问题,提出基于聚类和深度学习的轨迹隐私保护机制(PPCDL).考虑轨迹中的时间因素,通过时间戳将轨迹空间划分为多个区域,获取区域中的轨迹分布点.对每个区域进行改进稳定隶属度多峰值聚类,根据区域轨迹密度进行隐私预算矩阵的预分配.利用时间图卷积网络模型提取轨迹数据的时空特征,对隐私预算预分配矩阵进行训练和预测.根据预测结果添加相应的拉普拉斯噪声,在轨迹数据发布前进行扰动.理论分析和实验结果表明,PPCDL相较于对比机制,时间开销更少,能够更精确地预测隐私预算.利用PPCDL可以合理地在轨迹数据中添加拉普拉斯噪声,有效地提高了轨迹数据的可用性.

碳中和背景下国家碳预算的理论同构与立法路径

国家碳预算制度兼具碳排放总量控制与统计核算工具的双重功能,碳达峰目标的迫近及碳中和目标下国家降碳任务的紧迫性,使得如何将碳预算融入“双碳”目标的实践过程,实现制度和理论的双向促进成为重要问题。一方面,通过梳理碳预算制度产生的背景、碳预算概念的演变,事实印证了应对气候变化立法,是把承载全球碳排放环境容量的国际碳预算,转移至各国碳预算本土化的可靠实现方式。另一方面,域外国家应对气候变化立法的碳预算制度经验发现,其对我国碳预算目标设置、机制协同、资金渠道等方面具有重要启示。将碳预算纳入我国“双碳”目标实现的法治保障体系,可以结合已有预算法程序化规定,通过建立专门性机构、权责配置、预算调整机制、专项资金供给等制度,建构起“双碳”目标下符合我国需要的碳预算制度体系。