Insect gut symbiotic microbiota play essential roles in the growth, development, pathogenesis and environmental adaptation of host insects. The molecular and systems level analysis of insect gut symbiotic microbial co...Insect gut symbiotic microbiota play essential roles in the growth, development, pathogenesis and environmental adaptation of host insects. The molecular and systems level analysis of insect gut symbiotic microbial community will allow us to discover novel biocatalysts for biomass deconstruction and to develop innovative strategies for pest management. We hereby review the various molecular biology techniques as applied to insect gut symbiont analysis. This review aims to serve as an informative resource for experimental design and research strategy development in the field. We first discuss various strategies for sample preparation and their pros and cons. The traditional molecular techniques like DGGE, RFLP and FISH are covered with respect to how they are applied to study the composition, diversity and dynamics of insect gut symbiotic microbiota. We then focus on the various ＇ omics＇ techniques. The metagenome analysis together with the recent advancements in next-generation sequencing will provide enormous sequencing information, allowing in-depth microbial diversity analysis and modeling of pathways for biological processes such as biomass degradation. The metagenome sequencing will also enable the study of system dynamics and gene expression with metatranscriptome and metaproteome methods. The integration of different ＇omics＇ level data will allow us to understand how insect gut works as a system to carry out its functions. The molecular and systems-level understanding will also guide the reverse design of next-generation biorefinery.展开更多
During surveys of the mycota inhabiting guts of insect species in Assiut area,Egypt,two interesting isolates were obtained from two different gut samples(out of 11 investigated)of the red palm weevil(Rhynchophorus fer...During surveys of the mycota inhabiting guts of insect species in Assiut area,Egypt,two interesting isolates were obtained from two different gut samples(out of 11 investigated)of the red palm weevil(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier).These isolates were identified phenotypically as Knoxdaviesia serotectus(≡Gondwanamyces serotectus).The isolates were deposited in the Assiut University Mycological Centre Culture Collection and given AUMC numbers,AUMC 10299 and AUMC 10293.Brief descriptions and photos are presented.This species is recorded here for the first time worldwide from the gut of red palm weevils.展开更多
Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut ...Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens(Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to4 dietary treatments(8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels(0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter(1–10 d), growing(10–24 d) and finisher(24–35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were performed.Results: The live weight(LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal(maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain(ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal(maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake(DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period(maximum for HI10 group).Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period(maximum for HI15).No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration,which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other groups.Conclusions: Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut morphology, thus suggesting that low levels may be more suitable. However, no significant effects on the haematochemical parameters or histological findings were observed in relation to HI meal utilization.展开更多
Background: The present work aimed at evaluating the effect of the dietary replacement of soybean oil(S) by two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae(H, Hermetia il ucens L.) and yel ow mealworm...Background: The present work aimed at evaluating the effect of the dietary replacement of soybean oil(S) by two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae(H, Hermetia il ucens L.) and yel ow mealworm larvae(T, Tenebrio molitor L.) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, intestinal morphology and health of growing rabbits.Methods: At weaning, 200 crossbred rabbits(36 days old) were allotted to five dietary treatments(40 rabbits/group): a control diet(C) containing 1.5% of soybean oil and four experimental diets where soybean oil was partially(50%) or totally(100%) substituted by H(H50 and H100) or T(T50 and T100) fats. Total tract digestibility was evaluated on 12 rabbits per treatment. The growth trial lasted 41 d and, at slaughtering(78 days old), blood samples were collected from 15 rabbits per treatment, morphometric analyses were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum mucosa,and samples of liver, spleen and kidney were submitted to histological evaluation.Results: No difference was observed between the control and the experimental groups fed insect fats in terms of performance, morbidity, mortality and blood variables. The addition of H and T fats did not influence apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, ether extract, fibre fractions and gross energy. Gut morphometric indices and organ histopathology were not affected by dietary inclusion of H and T fats.Conclusions: H and T fats are suitable sources of lipid in rabbit diets to replace soybean oil without any detrimental effect on growth performance, apparent digestibility, gut mucosa traits and health.展开更多
昆虫是世界上种类最为丰富、分布最为广泛的动物类群,其肠道内栖息着复杂且多样的微生物。不同昆虫因肠道结构、肠道内环境、食性、龄期、外界环境不同,肠道内微生物组成与丰度也存在差异。肠道微生物主要通过垂直方向与水平方向在种群...昆虫是世界上种类最为丰富、分布最为广泛的动物类群,其肠道内栖息着复杂且多样的微生物。不同昆虫因肠道结构、肠道内环境、食性、龄期、外界环境不同,肠道内微生物组成与丰度也存在差异。肠道微生物主要通过垂直方向与水平方向在种群与个体间传播,对昆虫宿主营养代谢、生理行为、防御、解毒等诸多方面有重要影响;通过体外培养的方法可从培养基对昆虫肠道微生物进行分离,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)及16S rRNA基因测序技术等可迅速鉴定微生物;宏基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等多种组学技术联合运用,使得肠道微生物鉴定与功能推测更为高效;体外试验、微生物补充、菌群移植、沉默微生物成员相关基因等试验方法使微生物功能验证更为准确;利用高温处理、溶菌酶处理、无菌饲养处理及抗生素处理等方式能清除肠道内的微生物群落,获得无菌昆虫用于功能验证试验,但当前使用最广的抗生素法在实际应用中仍存在一定局限;利用肠道微生物特性,通过共生菌基因工程防治有害生物与虫媒传染病。目前,昆虫肠道微生物在生态、经济、能源、环保等领域发挥着重要作用,随着新兴技术的发展融合,更多昆虫-微生物互作机制将会被揭示,通过昆虫肠道微生物控制有害生物控制手段也将更为多样、环保和高效。展开更多
从白蚁、蜜蜂、蝗虫、蜻蜓等10种昆虫肠道中分离得到昆虫肠道共生菌51株,采用薄层色谱法初筛、高效液相色谱法复筛,获得了多株产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的菌株.对其中一株GABA产量较高的菌株FE-7进行了显微形态观察、生理生化与16S r DNA扩...从白蚁、蜜蜂、蝗虫、蜻蜓等10种昆虫肠道中分离得到昆虫肠道共生菌51株,采用薄层色谱法初筛、高效液相色谱法复筛,获得了多株产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的菌株.对其中一株GABA产量较高的菌株FE-7进行了显微形态观察、生理生化与16S r DNA扩增序列系统发育分析,鉴定FE-7可能为芽孢杆菌属的一个新种,其发酵液中GABA含量初测为2.1 g/L以上.表明从昆虫肠道特境中筛选产γ-氨基丁酸菌株具有开发前景.展开更多
Bacterial communities are known to play important roles during the developmental stages of insects, but current knowledge of bacteria associated with the midgut of Apis dorsata, the giant Asian honeybee, is limited. U...Bacterial communities are known to play important roles during the developmental stages of insects, but current knowledge of bacteria associated with the midgut of Apis dorsata, the giant Asian honeybee, is limited. Using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis （PCR-DGGE） and 16S rRNA sequencing, the aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of bacterial community structure across four A. dorsata life stages in different geographical locations. The results reveal that bacterial diversity increased as the bee progressed through larval stage to newly emerged worker and old worker. However, in the pupal stage, no bands identified as bacteria could be observed. Overall, 2 bacterial phyla （Proteobacteria and Firmicutes） and 4 classes （Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacilli） were identified, but the frequency varied among the different stages and locations. The classes of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli dominated among larval, newly emerged worker and old worker developmental stages.展开更多
文摘Insect gut symbiotic microbiota play essential roles in the growth, development, pathogenesis and environmental adaptation of host insects. The molecular and systems level analysis of insect gut symbiotic microbial community will allow us to discover novel biocatalysts for biomass deconstruction and to develop innovative strategies for pest management. We hereby review the various molecular biology techniques as applied to insect gut symbiont analysis. This review aims to serve as an informative resource for experimental design and research strategy development in the field. We first discuss various strategies for sample preparation and their pros and cons. The traditional molecular techniques like DGGE, RFLP and FISH are covered with respect to how they are applied to study the composition, diversity and dynamics of insect gut symbiotic microbiota. We then focus on the various ＇ omics＇ techniques. The metagenome analysis together with the recent advancements in next-generation sequencing will provide enormous sequencing information, allowing in-depth microbial diversity analysis and modeling of pathways for biological processes such as biomass degradation. The metagenome sequencing will also enable the study of system dynamics and gene expression with metatranscriptome and metaproteome methods. The integration of different ＇omics＇ level data will allow us to understand how insect gut works as a system to carry out its functions. The molecular and systems-level understanding will also guide the reverse design of next-generation biorefinery.
文摘During surveys of the mycota inhabiting guts of insect species in Assiut area,Egypt,two interesting isolates were obtained from two different gut samples(out of 11 investigated)of the red palm weevil(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier).These isolates were identified phenotypically as Knoxdaviesia serotectus(≡Gondwanamyces serotectus).The isolates were deposited in the Assiut University Mycological Centre Culture Collection and given AUMC numbers,AUMC 10299 and AUMC 10293.Brief descriptions and photos are presented.This species is recorded here for the first time worldwide from the gut of red palm weevils.
基金supported by University of Torino(Italy)founding:SCHA_RILO_14_01(2015–2017)and SCHA_RILO_16_02(2016–2018)
文摘Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens(Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to4 dietary treatments(8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels(0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter(1–10 d), growing(10–24 d) and finisher(24–35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were performed.Results: The live weight(LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal(maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain(ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal(maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake(DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period(maximum for HI10 group).Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period(maximum for HI15).No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration,which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other groups.Conclusions: Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut morphology, thus suggesting that low levels may be more suitable. However, no significant effects on the haematochemical parameters or histological findings were observed in relation to HI meal utilization.
基金Financial support for this work was provided by the University of Turin(ex 60%)grants(Es.fin.2015–2016-2017)
文摘Background: The present work aimed at evaluating the effect of the dietary replacement of soybean oil(S) by two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae(H, Hermetia il ucens L.) and yel ow mealworm larvae(T, Tenebrio molitor L.) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, intestinal morphology and health of growing rabbits.Methods: At weaning, 200 crossbred rabbits(36 days old) were allotted to five dietary treatments(40 rabbits/group): a control diet(C) containing 1.5% of soybean oil and four experimental diets where soybean oil was partially(50%) or totally(100%) substituted by H(H50 and H100) or T(T50 and T100) fats. Total tract digestibility was evaluated on 12 rabbits per treatment. The growth trial lasted 41 d and, at slaughtering(78 days old), blood samples were collected from 15 rabbits per treatment, morphometric analyses were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum mucosa,and samples of liver, spleen and kidney were submitted to histological evaluation.Results: No difference was observed between the control and the experimental groups fed insect fats in terms of performance, morbidity, mortality and blood variables. The addition of H and T fats did not influence apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, ether extract, fibre fractions and gross energy. Gut morphometric indices and organ histopathology were not affected by dietary inclusion of H and T fats.Conclusions: H and T fats are suitable sources of lipid in rabbit diets to replace soybean oil without any detrimental effect on growth performance, apparent digestibility, gut mucosa traits and health.
文摘昆虫是世界上种类最为丰富、分布最为广泛的动物类群,其肠道内栖息着复杂且多样的微生物。不同昆虫因肠道结构、肠道内环境、食性、龄期、外界环境不同,肠道内微生物组成与丰度也存在差异。肠道微生物主要通过垂直方向与水平方向在种群与个体间传播,对昆虫宿主营养代谢、生理行为、防御、解毒等诸多方面有重要影响;通过体外培养的方法可从培养基对昆虫肠道微生物进行分离,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)及16S rRNA基因测序技术等可迅速鉴定微生物;宏基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等多种组学技术联合运用,使得肠道微生物鉴定与功能推测更为高效;体外试验、微生物补充、菌群移植、沉默微生物成员相关基因等试验方法使微生物功能验证更为准确;利用高温处理、溶菌酶处理、无菌饲养处理及抗生素处理等方式能清除肠道内的微生物群落,获得无菌昆虫用于功能验证试验,但当前使用最广的抗生素法在实际应用中仍存在一定局限;利用肠道微生物特性,通过共生菌基因工程防治有害生物与虫媒传染病。目前,昆虫肠道微生物在生态、经济、能源、环保等领域发挥着重要作用,随着新兴技术的发展融合,更多昆虫-微生物互作机制将会被揭示,通过昆虫肠道微生物控制有害生物控制手段也将更为多样、环保和高效。
文摘从白蚁、蜜蜂、蝗虫、蜻蜓等10种昆虫肠道中分离得到昆虫肠道共生菌51株,采用薄层色谱法初筛、高效液相色谱法复筛,获得了多株产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的菌株.对其中一株GABA产量较高的菌株FE-7进行了显微形态观察、生理生化与16S r DNA扩增序列系统发育分析,鉴定FE-7可能为芽孢杆菌属的一个新种,其发酵液中GABA含量初测为2.1 g/L以上.表明从昆虫肠道特境中筛选产γ-氨基丁酸菌株具有开发前景.
文摘Bacterial communities are known to play important roles during the developmental stages of insects, but current knowledge of bacteria associated with the midgut of Apis dorsata, the giant Asian honeybee, is limited. Using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis （PCR-DGGE） and 16S rRNA sequencing, the aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of bacterial community structure across four A. dorsata life stages in different geographical locations. The results reveal that bacterial diversity increased as the bee progressed through larval stage to newly emerged worker and old worker. However, in the pupal stage, no bands identified as bacteria could be observed. Overall, 2 bacterial phyla （Proteobacteria and Firmicutes） and 4 classes （Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacilli） were identified, but the frequency varied among the different stages and locations. The classes of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli dominated among larval, newly emerged worker and old worker developmental stages.
