Influencing factors of compressive strength of solidified inshore saline soil using SH lime-ash

Through unconfined compressive strength test,influencing factors on compressive strength of solidified inshore saline soil with SH lime-ash,ratio of lime-ash(1-K),quantity of lime-ash,age,degree of compression and salt content were studied.The results show that because inshore saline soil has special engineering characteristic,more influencing factors must be considered compared with ordinary soil for the perfect effect of solidifying.

A Hybrid Features Based Detection Method for Inshore Ship Targets in SAR Imagery

Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)have recently attracted much attention in the ship detection from Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images.However,compared with optical images,SAR ones are hard to understand.Moreover,due to the high similarity between the man-made targets near shore and inshore ships,the classical methods are unable to achieve effective detection of inshore ships.To mitigate the influence of onshore ship-like objects,this paper proposes an inshore ship detection method in SAR images by using hybrid features.Firstly,the sea-land segmentation is applied in the pre-processing to exclude obvious land regions from SAR images.Then,a CNN model is designed to extract deep features for identifying potential ship targets in both inshore and offshore water.On this basis,the high-energy point number of amplitude spectrum is further introduced as an important and delicate feature to suppress false alarms left.Finally,to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,numerical and comparative studies are carried out in experiments on Sentinel-1 SAR images.

Use of Diesel Engine and Surface-Piercing Propeller to Achieve Fuel Savings for Inshore Fishing Boats

Fishing is a major local industry in Malaysia, particularly in rural areas. However, the rapidly increasing price of fuel is seriously affecting the industry＇s viability. At present, outboard petrol engines are the preferred choice for use in small-scale fishing boats because they deliver the advantages of high speed and low weight, they are easy to install, and they use minimal space. Petrol outboard engines are known to consume a greater amount of fuel than inboard diesel engines, but installing diesel engines with conventional submerged propellers in existing small-scale fishing boats is not economically viable because major hullform modifications and extra expenditure are required to achieve this. This study describes a proposal to enable reductions in fuel consumption by introducing the combined use of a diesel engine and Surface-Piercing Propeller （SPP）. An analysis of fuel consumption reduction is presented, together with an economic feasibility study. Resulting data reveal that the use of the proposed modifications would save 23.31 liters of fuel per trip （40.75%） compared to outboard motors, equaling annual savings of RM 3962 per year.

Diatom distribution in surface sediments from Chinese inshore waters and the relationship to modern environmental variables

Diatoms are widely used to study past and present changes in the marine environment. Unimodal models are appropriate for exploring the relationship between environmental properties in Chinese inshore waters and fossil diatom species derived from modem surface sediments. The best-fit relationships between two multivariate datasets （diatom species and environmental variables） were identified using canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）, which is a constrained ordination technique. The absolute abundance of diatoms in the Chinese inshore waters ranged from 500 to 48 000 valves/g, and the average absolute abundance of all the 29 sites was l l 300 valves/g. 153 species and varieties of diatoms belonging to 42 genera in all were identified in the Chinese inshore waters. There were 28 dominant diatom species in all. According to the absolute abundance of the dominant species and the spatial distribution of the currents from the Chinese inshore waters, 12 diatom assemblages were distinguished from north to south, which reflected the different oceanographic conditions at the regional scale. Of the eight environmental variables considered, the most important environmental variable is winter sea surface salinity （WSS）, which was also the only environmental variable with statistical significance. Therefore, it may be used to establish a transfer functions for the Chinese inshore waters in future paleoclimate studies.

Toxic chemistry of heavy metals on hochrysis galbana (parke)in inshore water

Effects of heavy metals on Isochrysis galbana (Parke ) were studied in our laboratory. The research focused on toxic effects of metals on algal cells, effects of water-soluble and lipid-soluble organic ligands on metal toxicity and processes of metal uptake by cells. Interactions between two metals and the mechanisms involved were also studied in detail. Finally, some relationships between toxicity and chemical property of metals were revealed.

Progress on CASEarth Satellite Development

CASEarth satellite is the first space Earth science satellite produced by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The satellite has three payloads:high-definition Thermal Infrared Spectrometer(TIS),highdefinition Glimmer Imager for Urbanization(GIU),and high-definition Multispectral Imager for Inshore(MII).These payloads are used to explore the urbanization level and residential layout,the coastal ecosystem,and new methods and approaches of environmental detection during night-time and even under conditions of polar aurora and provide scientific evidence for the refined depiction of human traces.The CASEarth satellite can provide space observation data for A Project on Big Earth Data Science Engineering as well as scientific and application studies inside and outside China.

Seasonal Variability in the Distribution of Phytoplankton in Paracas Bay/Peru, as a Response to Environmental Conditions

During 2013-2015, a series of bio-oceanographic surveys was carried out in Paracas bay (13°50′ S). This coastal habitat represents a transition between open ocean and continent. Changes in distribution and structure of phytoplankton community and presence of noxious algal blooms were evaluated. The vertical stability of water column was analyzed on transects of temperature, salinity and potential density. Stratification of the water column as well as other variables presented a seasonal behavior. The maximum values were recorded in summer and were directly related to the seasonal heat flux in surface layers of the bay, while in winter this stratification index was minimum. N/P ratios showed a seasonal variation with highest values in winter and lowest ones in summer. Silicate concentrations were minimum mainly during in spring due to high biological fixation. The dominance of diatoms was evident in winter and spring, with maximum abundances of r strategists. The diversity and equitability indexes were low (< 3 bits?cel^-1 and 0.31, respectively). During summer, there was a greater contribution of oceanic species, with high concentrations of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum;and a higher frequency of algal blooms (Akashiwo sanguinea, Heterosigma akashiwo, Eutreptiella gymnastica and Gonyaulax polygramma) in the coastal zone. Silicates and pH presented a significant correlation with diatom abundances in spring, whilst dinoflagellates were associated to warm and salinity conditions in summer. Weak correlations were found for potentially toxic dinoflagellates with temperature and for Pseudo-nitzschia group with silicates and phosphates.

A trap with light-emitting diode(LED)lights:Evaluating the effect of location and orientation of lights on the catch rate of snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)

This study investigated the effect of installing underwater light-emitting diode(LED)lights in different locations(close and distant to the trap entrance)and orientations(normal and upside down direction)inside baited traps targeting snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador,Canada.Four experimental treatments were evaluated in comparison with traditional baited traps(control).Our results showed each of the experimental treatments produced significantly higher(39%–57%;48%on average)catch per unit effort(CPUE)compared to the control traps,with no significant differences for both legal and sublegal-sized crab among the different experimental treatments.Longer soak times significantly increased the CPUE of the illuminated traps,but did not affect the catch rate of the control traps.Our results also indicated crab size frequency distributions were independent of experiment treatments.Our results suggest that fishing enterprises could improve their catching performance by adding LED lights to their traps,but the location and orientation of the lights appears unimportant.