Mapping Climate Services for Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review and Research Gaps from a Policy Process Perspective

Climate services (CS) are crucial for mitigating and managing the impacts and risks associated with climate-induced disasters. While evidence over the past decade underscores their effectiveness across various domains, particularly agriculture, to maximize their potential, it is crucial to identify emerging priority areas and existing research gaps for future research agendas. As a contribution to this effort, this paper employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to review the state-of-the-art in the field of climate services for disaster risk management. A comprehensive search across five literature databases combined with a snowball search method using ResearchRabbit was conducted and yielded 242 peer-reviewed articles, book sections, and reports over 2013-2023 after the screening process. The analysis revealed flood, drought, and food insecurity as major climate-related disasters addressed in the reviewed literature. Major climate services addressed included early warning systems, (sub)seasonal forecasts and impact-based warnings. Grounded in the policy processes’ theoretical perspective, the main focus identified and discussed three prevailing policy-oriented priority areas: 1) development of climate services, 2) use-adoption-uptake, and 3) evaluation of climate services. In response to the limitations of the prevalent supply-driven and top-down approach to climate services promotion, co-production emerges as a cross-cutting critical aspect of the identified priority areas. Despite the extensive research in the field, more attention is needed, particularly pronounced in the science-policy interface perspective, which in practice bridges scientific knowledge and policy decisions for effective policy processes. This perspective offers a valuable analytical lens as an entry point for further investigation. Hence, future research agendas would generate insightful evidence by scrutinizing this critical aspect given its importance to institutions and climate services capacity, to better understand intricate facets of the development and the integration of climate services into disaster risk management.

Industrial Policy Analysis of Restricted Development Zones in Western China——A Study of State-level Main Producing Areas of Agricultural Products and Key Ecological Functional Areas

As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.

Institute of Policy and Management: Aiming at the Ranks of World-class Think Tanks

Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, and Section of Optimization and Overall Planning under the CAS Institute of Applied Mathematics), the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM), CAS, is characterized by interdisciplinary studies of social and natural sciences. It applies itself to theoretical, methodological and applied research into national strategies, policies and management for S&T development. It also provides consultancy services for government departments, local authorities and CAS on issues concerning S&T development, social and economic growth, S&T management and administration of enterprises.……

Environmental regulatory and policy framework in China: an overview

China has developed one of the most comprehensive environmental regulatory and policy framework in the world. This paper provides a description of the main institutions for environmental management in China, and overviews the regulatory and policy framework in place.

Assessment of Gender Policy in Selected Tertiary Agricultural Education Institutions in Africa

The paper assesses the existing gender policy document in fourteen (14) selected agricultural faculties and colleges in tertiary institutions in Africa. This paper is an output of research report on Programme of Strengthening Africa’s Strategic Agricultural Capacity for Impact on Development (SASACID) implemented by the African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resources Education (ANAFE). Data for the study were collected from 207 respondents (8 deans of ANAFE SASACID pilot institutions, 36 academic staff/lecturers of SASACID pilot institutions and 163 students of SASACID pilot institutions) through the use of online survey. Data collected were analysed and presented using frequency, percentage and charts. Results of the survey revealed that 25.0% of the institutions studied indicated that they had a formal gender policy document in place in their institutions with regards to staff recruitment and students’ admission, while about 25.0% had an informal gender practices on staff recruitment and students’ admission. Higher proportion (60.0%) of the institution had neither a formal policy document nor informal practices as regards staff recruitment and students admission. Some of the constraints faced by the Institutions with a gender policy were insufficient female applicants in agricultural courses, societal norms and remote location of some of the faculties/colleges of agriculture. To encourage both males and females to study agriculture in higher institutions of learning and to create and sustain a fair and just academic environment where both have equal opportunities, there is a need to have a gender policy document and the need to create awareness.

The Trump Administration's Policy toward the United Nations

Sinternational institutions, saying that "we can only realize the promSince Donald Trump took office, a far-reaching revision of US policy instruments toward the United Nations has been underway, replacing the "assertive multilateralism"1 approach of the Obama era. On the one hand, the Trump administration has taken a series of drastic measures against international institutions, especially the UN.

Evaluation of the Impact of Government Policy on the Overuse of Groundwater in the Minqin Basin in China

The existing literature simply concludes that the irrational behaviors of local people and natural factors are the major reasons for overuse of groundwater. Using the OLS and ARIMA (BJ) Statistical Methods and Trend Analyses, this article finds that government policy, as measured by four proxy variables, is a very important factor that strongly influences the overuse of groundwater at the collective level. This means the government is a very important actor in the game of groundwater usage. Although these findings cannot clearly separate government effects from local effects, using a Trend Analysis, they reveal that these significant effects are strictly consistent with variations in government policy. Moreover, they show that government policy effective at the county level strongly impacts the overuse of ground-water by influencing the behavior of the local people and that policy at the operative level impacts four policy domains: population, cultivated land, water assignments and peasant income.

U.S.’ Recognition, Evaluation of China-U.S. Educational Cooperation and Its Enlightenment to China--Analysis Based on the Survey Reports by U.S.’Policy Elites

Educational cooperation is one of the key factors to embody humanistic exchanges and promote the development of international relations.Through the analysis of four survey reports on China-U.S.educational cooperation,it is found that American policy elites generally attach importance to the distribution of power,the application of law,mutual benefit between the two countries in educational cooperation,and pay attention to the potential motivation and influence of China.China should rationally refer to the views and suggestions,strengthen the effectiveness of dialogue mechanism,enhance the credibility of international discourse,and at the same time encourage the negotiation and governance among cooperative universities,so as to promote the stable and sustainable development of education cooperation.

Implementing Open Access Policy:First case studies

When implementing open access, policy pioneers and flagship institutions alike have faced considerable challenges in meeting their own aims and achieving a recognized success. Legitimate authority, sufficient resources and the right timing are crucial, but the professionals charged with implementing policy still need several years to accomplish significant progress. This study defines a methodological standard for evaluating the first generation of open access policies. Evaluating implementation establishes evidence, enables reflection, and may foster the emergence of a second generation of open access policies.While the study is based on a small number of cases, these case studies cover most of the pioneer institutions, present the most significant issues and offer an international overview.Each case is reconstructed individually on the basis of public documents and background information, and supported by interviews with professionals responsible for open access implementation. This article presents the highlights from each case study. The results are utilized to indicate how a second generation of policies might define open access as a key component of digital research infrastructures that provide inputs and outputs for research,teaching and learning in real time.

MAKING CLEAR STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, STRENGTHENING POLICY ORIENTATION AND PROMOTING INSTITUTIONAL ADJUSTMENT

Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The socialist market economy system will gradually develop to perfection,the market will play a fundamental role in allocating resources,and the State’s centralizing guidance and macro-control over the social and economic development will be more scientific,reasonable and effective.In recent years,despite of

层层加码与层层递减:不同类型公共政策自上而下执行的权变逻辑

公共政策自上而下执行中层层加码的现象由来已久且较为普遍。基于不同类型公共政策主要直接功能存在的差异,对规范性、分配性、导向性等3类公共政策自上而下执行中对政策目标、政策工具、政策监控层层加码或层层递减的表现和结果展开分析,从利益逻辑、行为逻辑、制度逻辑探寻行为背后的逻辑动因。要消解政策执行中的层层加码或层层递减现象,应制定明确的政策目标并运用有效的政策工具,健全公共政策执行者激励相容机制,积极践行全过程人民民主,增强目标群体的民主法治监督能力和公共舆论客观理性,在减少政策执行层级的同时加强跨层级治理。

国家安全战略视域下的美国对华制度制衡及影响

形成于21世纪初的制度制衡理论,实际上已成为后冷战时期美国外交政策特别是对华政策的主导理论之一。从美国国家安全战略的角度,可以发现自2001年以来美国历届政府制约中国的因素不断上升,其对华实施的制度制衡方略经历了从包容性向排他性的转变。小布什政府采用试图将中国纳入美国主导的国际体系的包容性制度制衡方略,奥巴马政府则采用两面下注的混合型对华包容性制度制衡方略。特朗普政府主要利用美国国内法律和制度对华进行排他性制度制衡,而拜登政府采用“小圈子”对华进行排他性制度制衡。拜登政府在高科技领域对华实行制度制衡,企图在某种程度上迟滞中国高科技发展,客观上却促使中国自立自强形成尽可能完整的高科技生产链,对美国自身高科技产业和国内经济也产生“反噬”效应,无法从根本上改变经济全球化大趋势。

我国养老服务产业优化发展策略研究

我国正处在人口老龄化进程加速发展的关键期,对养老服务产业提出了庞大需求。文章探索养老服务产业发展的优化策略,为政府决策提供现实依据。通过实地调研、访谈等方式调查国内养老服务产业的需求和供给现状,查找养老服务产业发展过程中的难点,结合对美国、澳大利亚、日本和德国等国家养老服务产业的文献分析,总结其成功的经验。基于上述分析研究,提出增加制度供给引导行业有序发展、鼓励参与主体公平竞争、建立多渠道筹资机制、探索长期护理保险制度、完善养老服务服务人才培养体系、建立资格准入制度、搭建人才发展平台等方面提出具体对策。

“双高计划”背景下高职院校专业群建设的政策演进与内涵特质

高水平专业群建设是高职院校治理体系和治理能力现代化的集中体现。纵观我国高职教育发展进程,专业(群)建设作为高职院校发展水平的核心要素和显著标识始终贯穿其中。从政策演进透析专业群建设的历史脉动和演进逻辑,有助于从政策制度层面理解高水平专业群建设在“双高计划”背景下所具有的功能定位和价值旨向,从专业理论层面理解高水平专业群所体现出的“群”“高”“才”诸方面的内涵特质,从而为高水平专业群建设的实现路径和行动方略等提供制度依据和理论支撑。

精神卫生机构开放式心理病区人文关怀护理研究进展

对精神卫生机构实施人文关怀的意义、护理措施、培训现状进行综述,并分析既往研究的贡献、优点与不足,以期实践和发展开放式心理病区人文关怀护理,为病人身心整合和康复提供思路。

“双减”背景下校外培训机构的法治化监管

自“双减”政策出台以来,我国在义务教育阶段文化课校外培训机构监管方面取得了一定进展。但此类校外培训机构的监管仍存在各种问题,主要表现在对校外培训机构监管立法上存在欠缺、执法上监管合力不强等方面。为实现校外培训机构监管的法治化,对构建校外培训机构监管长效机制进行了研究。通过分析我国校外培训机构监管的现状,从促进监管部门有效承担监管职责、鼓励学校提升教学效果、引导家长塑造正确教育理念等方面提出了合理化建议。

“双减”背景下我国校外培训机构治理政策何以遭遇执行阻滞——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析

探讨校外培训机构治理政策的执行过程和实效,对于促进校外教育回归公益性和重塑校外教育生态,实现“双减”目标意义重大。基于“史密斯政策执行过程模型”,分析“双减”背景下校外培训机构治理政策的执行情况,发现校外培训机构治理政策执行过程中存在政策本身局限、执行机构能力欠缺、目标群体认知偏差、政策环境支持不足等四方面的制约因素。为突破校外培训机构治理政策执行过程中的瓶颈,须做到重视政策本身设计,增强政策执行效果;提升执行机构能力,健全政策执行机制;调整目标群体认知,降低政策执行阻力;改善政策执行环境,夯实政策执行基础。

延迟退休政策的功能替代、系统拓展与协同治理

传统延迟退休政策的思路在国际实践中已遭遇瓶颈,且日益不适应中国延迟退休的推进目标,昭示着应跳出既有政策思维定式,寻找政策设计的新突破。延迟退休政策的核心目标在于推动劳动者生命历程重构,应以公平清晰的养老金制度设计来替代养老金延迟领取,以老龄多元就业代替职业生涯的固化延续,建立延迟退休政策推进的新思维。需要从养老金制度的保障性和清晰性、生命历程的纵贯性和交叉性、退休阶段的适老化和过渡性出发,对延迟退休政策进行系统化拓展及功能分解,推动养老金制度和劳动就业制度的协同优化,强化老龄劳动能力提升和老龄多元角色协调。通过延迟退休政策的系统拓展和协同推进,可以探索延迟退休政策从消极被动走向积极有为的可行路径。