Open access(OA) resources are becoming a main part of scholarly information. The paper summarizes the fast growth of OA journals and OA repositories, the outstanding OA journal impact increase, the rise of mega-OA jou...Open access(OA) resources are becoming a main part of scholarly information. The paper summarizes the fast growth of OA journals and OA repositories, the outstanding OA journal impact increase, the rise of mega-OA journals like PLoS ONE, the overwhelming support of research communities to open access of publicly funded research, and the quick building up of OA support structures. These forces work together to push scholarly communications toward a turning point where OA resources occupy a major and increasing share of scholarly research resources and when management of OA resources becomes a strategic, yet unfamiliar, and potentially disruptive task for research libraries. This paper is composed of two parts. The first part will focus on the development of OA resources, while the second part will analyze the challenges in management of OA resources and develop an OA resource strategy exemplified by some of NSL's initiatives.展开更多
Background:During the last 30 years,the development of geographical information systems and satellites for Earth observation has made important progress in the monitoring of the weather,climate,environmental and anthr...Background:During the last 30 years,the development of geographical information systems and satellites for Earth observation has made important progress in the monitoring of the weather,climate,environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence the reduction or the reemergence of vector-borne diseases.Analyses resulting from the combination of geographical information systems(GIS)and remote sensing have improved knowledge of climatic,environmental,and biodiversity factors influencing vector-borne diseases(VBDs)such as malaria,visceral leishmaniasis,dengue,Rift Valley fever,schistosomiasis,Chagas disease and leptospirosis.These knowledge and products developed using remotely sensed data helped and continue to help decision makers to better allocate limited resources in the fight against VBDs.Main body:Because VBDs are linked to climate and environment,we present here our experience during the last four years working with the projects under the,World Health Organization(WHO)/The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)-International Development Research Centre(IDRC)Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change to integrate climate and environmental information into research and decision-making processes.The following sections present the methodology we have developed,which uses remote sensing to monitor climate variability,environmental conditions,and their impacts on the dynamics of infectious diseases.We then show how remotely sensed data can be accessed and evaluated and how they can be integrated into research and decision-making processes for mapping risks,and creating Early Warning Systems,using two examples from the WHO TDR projects based on schistosomiasis analysis in South Africa and Trypanosomiasis in Tanzania.Conclusions:The tools presented in this article have been successfully used by the projects under the WHO/TDRIDRC Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change.Combined with capacity building,they are an important piece of work which can significantly contribute to the goals of WHO Global Vector Control Response and to the Sustainable Development Goals especially those on health and climate action.展开更多
Corporate ESG performance is an important way for stakeholders to understand the corporate environment,social responsibility,and governance behavior.Under China’s implementation of the“carbon peak and carbon neutral...Corporate ESG performance is an important way for stakeholders to understand the corporate environment,social responsibility,and governance behavior.Under China’s implementation of the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”dual carbon strategic background,ESG has become an important tool to promote the achievement of the“dual carbon”goals and high-quality development.How enterprises can reasonably and effectively improve their ESG performance and promote their green and sustainable development has become a major practical problem that urgently needs to be solved.Based on social learning and dynamic competition theories,this study takes Shanghai-Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021 as research samples,empirically tests whether there is a peer effect in the ESG performance of listed companies in China,and examines the generation mechanism and influencing factors of the peer effect in the ESG performance of enterprises.The results show that:(i)There is an industry and regional peer effect on the ESG performance of enterprises,where the average ESG performance of other enterprises in the same industry and region,except for the focus enterprise,significantly affects the ESG performance of the focus enterprise.This core conclusion still holds true after robustness tests such as instrumental variable method,propensity score matching method,and first order difference method to eliminate endogeneity issues,replace key measurement indicators,and control for macro factors.(ii)The mechanism analysis results show that the“information learning”and“competitive pressure”mechanisms promote the peer effect of ESG performance.(iii)Further research has found that institutional investors’attention and government environmental regulations positively and significantly impact the peer effect of corporate ESG performance.(iv)Heterogeneity analysis shows that the ESG performance peer effect is more significant for large-scale,eastern,and state-owned enterprises than for small-scale,central,western,and non-state-owned enterprises.This study expands the boundaries of current ESG theory and empirical research,and the conclusions provide important policy implications for governments and enterprises.展开更多
文摘Open access(OA) resources are becoming a main part of scholarly information. The paper summarizes the fast growth of OA journals and OA repositories, the outstanding OA journal impact increase, the rise of mega-OA journals like PLoS ONE, the overwhelming support of research communities to open access of publicly funded research, and the quick building up of OA support structures. These forces work together to push scholarly communications toward a turning point where OA resources occupy a major and increasing share of scholarly research resources and when management of OA resources becomes a strategic, yet unfamiliar, and potentially disruptive task for research libraries. This paper is composed of two parts. The first part will focus on the development of OA resources, while the second part will analyze the challenges in management of OA resources and develop an OA resource strategy exemplified by some of NSL's initiatives.
基金UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR),Geneva,Switzerland and the International Development Research Center,CanadaNASA ROSES grant:“NASA SERVIR PROJECT NNX12AQ70G Development and Implementation of Flood Risk Mapping,Water Bodies Monitoring and Climate Information for Disaster Management and Human Health。
文摘Background:During the last 30 years,the development of geographical information systems and satellites for Earth observation has made important progress in the monitoring of the weather,climate,environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence the reduction or the reemergence of vector-borne diseases.Analyses resulting from the combination of geographical information systems(GIS)and remote sensing have improved knowledge of climatic,environmental,and biodiversity factors influencing vector-borne diseases(VBDs)such as malaria,visceral leishmaniasis,dengue,Rift Valley fever,schistosomiasis,Chagas disease and leptospirosis.These knowledge and products developed using remotely sensed data helped and continue to help decision makers to better allocate limited resources in the fight against VBDs.Main body:Because VBDs are linked to climate and environment,we present here our experience during the last four years working with the projects under the,World Health Organization(WHO)/The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)-International Development Research Centre(IDRC)Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change to integrate climate and environmental information into research and decision-making processes.The following sections present the methodology we have developed,which uses remote sensing to monitor climate variability,environmental conditions,and their impacts on the dynamics of infectious diseases.We then show how remotely sensed data can be accessed and evaluated and how they can be integrated into research and decision-making processes for mapping risks,and creating Early Warning Systems,using two examples from the WHO TDR projects based on schistosomiasis analysis in South Africa and Trypanosomiasis in Tanzania.Conclusions:The tools presented in this article have been successfully used by the projects under the WHO/TDRIDRC Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change.Combined with capacity building,they are an important piece of work which can significantly contribute to the goals of WHO Global Vector Control Response and to the Sustainable Development Goals especially those on health and climate action.
基金National Social Science Foundation General Project:Study on Audit Evaluation and Accountability Mechanism of Overall Budget Performance Management from the Perspective of National Governance [Grant No.20BGL080]Soft Science Research Project of Henan Science and Technology Department:Study on the Triggering Mechanism and Influencing Factors of the Peer Effect of Enterprise ESG Performance [Grant No.242400412067].
文摘Corporate ESG performance is an important way for stakeholders to understand the corporate environment,social responsibility,and governance behavior.Under China’s implementation of the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”dual carbon strategic background,ESG has become an important tool to promote the achievement of the“dual carbon”goals and high-quality development.How enterprises can reasonably and effectively improve their ESG performance and promote their green and sustainable development has become a major practical problem that urgently needs to be solved.Based on social learning and dynamic competition theories,this study takes Shanghai-Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021 as research samples,empirically tests whether there is a peer effect in the ESG performance of listed companies in China,and examines the generation mechanism and influencing factors of the peer effect in the ESG performance of enterprises.The results show that:(i)There is an industry and regional peer effect on the ESG performance of enterprises,where the average ESG performance of other enterprises in the same industry and region,except for the focus enterprise,significantly affects the ESG performance of the focus enterprise.This core conclusion still holds true after robustness tests such as instrumental variable method,propensity score matching method,and first order difference method to eliminate endogeneity issues,replace key measurement indicators,and control for macro factors.(ii)The mechanism analysis results show that the“information learning”and“competitive pressure”mechanisms promote the peer effect of ESG performance.(iii)Further research has found that institutional investors’attention and government environmental regulations positively and significantly impact the peer effect of corporate ESG performance.(iv)Heterogeneity analysis shows that the ESG performance peer effect is more significant for large-scale,eastern,and state-owned enterprises than for small-scale,central,western,and non-state-owned enterprises.This study expands the boundaries of current ESG theory and empirical research,and the conclusions provide important policy implications for governments and enterprises.
