Research on typical problems and the development strategies of the institutional pension

As an important support of socialized pension service system, institutional pension plays an important role in satisfying the needs of the elderly. Based on the analysis of the present situation and the typical problems of the development of the institutional pension service in Shanghai in recent years, the paper puts forward the pertinent suggestions from the aspects of the allocation of the aged resources, the transformation of the government functions, the standardization of the old-age service, the talent incentive and the medical reimbursement.

On the Experience, Problems in Science and Technology Services of Basic Scientific Research Institutes and Suggestions——Taking Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of Jiangsu as an Example

Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and technology services and analyzed the difficulties and solutions in the services. process of science and technologyservices.

Modified bottleneck-based heuristic for large-scale job-shop scheduling problems with a single bottleneck

A modified bottleneck-based （MB） heuristic for large-scale job-shop scheduling problems with a welldefined bottleneck is suggested, which is simpler but more tailored than the shifting bottleneck （SB） procedure. In this algorithm, the bottleneck is first scheduled optimally while the non-bottleneck machines are subordinated around the solutions of the bottleneck schedule by some effective dispatching rules. Computational results indicate that the MB heuristic can achieve a better tradeoff between solution quality and computational time compared to SB procedure for medium-size problems. Furthermore, it can obtain a good solution in a short time for large-scale jobshop scheduling problems.

MODIFIED BOTTLENECK-BASED PROCEDURE FOR LARGE-SCALE FLOW-SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEMS WITH BOTTLENECK

A new bottleneck-based heuristic for large-scale flow-shop scheduling problems with a bottleneck is proposed, which is simpler but more tailored than the shifting bottleneck （SB） procedure. In this algorithm, a schedule for the bottleneck machine is first constructed optimally and then the non-bottleneck machines are scheduled around the bottleneck schedule by some effective dispatching rules. Computational results show that the modified bottleneck-based procedure can achieve a tradeoff between solution quality and computational time comparing with SB procedure for medium-size problems. Furthermore it can obtain a good solution in quite short time for large-scale scheduling problems.

Bottleneck Analysis of the Minimum Cost Problem for the Generalized Network Based on Augmented Forest Structure

The bottleneck analysis of the minimum cost problem for the generalized network (MCPGN) is discussed. The analysis is based on the network simplex algorithm, which gains negative cost graphs by constructing augmented forest structure, then augments flows on the negative cost graphs until the optimal revolution is gained. Bottleneck structure is presented after analyzing the augmented forest structure. The negative cost augmented graphs are constructed with the bottleneck structure. The arcs that block the negative cost augmented graph are the elements of the bottleneck. The bottleneck analysis for the generalized circulation problem, the minimum circulation problem and the circulation problem are discussed respectively as the basal problems, then that for MCPGN is achieved. An example is presented at the end.

民办应用型高校教育现代化:办学逻辑、核心问题与改革策略

民办应用型高校教育现代化不仅影响高等教育现代化的整体水平和高质量内涵建设,而且关乎民办应用型高校生存发展的关键诉求、内生动力、发展潜力和适应社会等核心竞争力,是民办应用型高校发展之本。教育现代化不仅是教育技术、设备等物质的现代化,更是教育管理、人文素质等精神的现代化,但归根结底是“人”的现代化,是中国“本土化”与西方“现代化”的有机融合。民办应用型高校要遵循教育规律、办学规律和人的发展规律,尊重民办高校特点,遵守教育现代化准则,按照为党育人,为国育才的宗旨要求,把培养人、办好学放在首位,通过探索民办应用型高校教育现代化的办学逻辑和路径方法,梳理制约发展的瓶颈问题、关键环节和重要节点,提出有针对性的措施和改进办法,充分发挥民办高校体制与机制灵活、用人充分等优势,最大限度地发挥人的潜力、活力和创造力,“为学生一切,为一切学生”,在高素质应用型人才培养方面发挥不可替代的作用。

一类推广的Bottleneck问题的多项式算法

本文讨论了一类Bottleneck问题,给出了判定最优解的三个定理,并在此基础上给出了一个求最优解的算法和算例,算法的复杂度为O(n2).

一类推广的Bottleneck问题的求解算法

本文讨论了一类推广的Ｂｏｔｌｅｎｃｅｋ问题，给出了最优解的一个充分必要条件，在此基础上给出了一个求最优解的一个算法。最后给出了一个数值例子。

Marginalization and invasion of architects＇ role on house projects： Institutional intervention inadequacy and super wicked problems

The design and construction of houses normally require an architect＇s input. However, architects are increasingly being marginalized in these projects, and their roles are constantly being invaded by others. Despite repeated institutional interventions toward remedying this phenomenon, signs are not abating. This article examines the complexity of this phenomenon to explain the inadequacy of institutional interventions to address the problem. This article conceptualizes the phenomenon of marginalization and role invasion as a super wicked problem with six key features. First, the problem has a difficult definition. Second, the solution involves a large structural and economic burden. Third, time is of the essence. Fourth, multiple stakeholders attempting to solve the problem are part of the cause. Fifth, institutional interventions addressing the issue are weak or ill-equipped. Sixth, institutional interventions discount the future irrationally. The implications of this conceptualization for institutional intervention and research are discussed.

Foreign Public Medical Institution Reform Experience and Lesson

Public medical institution reform is entering a crucial stage, it＇ s difficult but important. This paper enumerates several public medical institution reform successful countries such as Singapore, the United States, Britain＇s reform measures, in order to pass the mature experience of western countries for reference, based on China＇s national conditions, find the reasonable reform. Hope can stimulate public hospitals on diversified reform attempt of stakeholders to invest more resources, create more value, let the state and the public get bigger interest. In the end, improve the national medical and health undertakings.

Opening and Sharing of Large-scale Instruments and Equipment in Agricultural Research Institutes:A Case Study of Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

The article introduces the main practices and achievements of the Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in promoting the sharing of large-scale instruments and equipment in recent years,analyzes the existing problems in the management system,management team,assessment incentives and maintenance guarantee,and proposes improvement measures and suggestions from aspects of improving the sharing management system,strengthening management team building,strengthening sharing assessment and incentives,improving maintenance capabilities and expanding external publicity,to further improve the sharing management of large-scale instruments and equipment.

以瓶颈问题为导向的本科生创新能力跨专业培养——以机械工程学科本科生毕业设计为例

本科阶段的教育是培养创新型人才的基础环节。探讨以瓶颈问题为导向的本科生创新能力跨专业协作培养方法,具体包括:促进本科生全流程积极参与实际科研项目、以瓶颈问题为导向设置本科生培养环节、跨专业协作培养以提升本科生知识融合水平,以及面向本科生的跨专业或校内资源共享等有效途径,提升本科生创新能力的培养效果,为我国创新型人才培养助力。

公共机构节水的认识与思考

公共机构节水对全社会节水起到重要的引领示范作用,做好公共机构节水工作是实施国家节水行动的重要领域,也是推动全社会节水的关键。文章介绍了我国公共机构及其用水的基本情况,分析了目前公共机构节水存在的主要问题,并提出了几点想法和建议。

解决大党独有难题:党的自我革命的主攻方向

“解决大党独有难题”是中国共产党立足新的历史方位加强全面领导、推进自身建设的重大时代命题,也是党的自我革命的主攻方向。党在回应历史和时代之问,解决每一历史阶段的难题中推进了理论创新、制度完善、事业发展,锻造了强大的马克思主义执政党。新时代解决大党独有难题,必须遵循习近平总书记关于党的自我革命的重要思想,坚持“九个以”的实践要求,进一步健全全面从严治党体系、党的自我革命制度规范体系,始终坚持严的基调,不断增强党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力。

智慧图书馆中的“卡脖子”技术问题:存在原因、主要表现和应对策略

文章通过分析智慧图书馆技术领域中的“卡脖子”技术问题,探讨智慧图书馆建设中的人工智能应用、线下服务、线上服务中的“卡脖子”现象,认为有必要进一步提升技术对智慧图书馆的契合度,深刻认识智慧图书馆与技术的关系,明确智慧图书馆技术的可为与应为,立足智慧图书馆建设需要,开发和使用实践需求驱动的技术,尽可能地提升技术和工具效能来克服“卡脖子”的重大挑战。

“卡脖子”难题下创新联合体知识共创影响因素分析——基于二元语义-决策试验与评价实验室(DEMATEL)方法

创新联合体是破解“卡脖子”难题的有效组织形式。识别创新联合体知识共创的影响因素,实现创新联合体知识共创,是有效发挥创新联合体作用的关键,但已有文献对创新联合体知识共创影响因素的识别尚不清晰。从系统角度出发,基于多主体说理论模型,从主体、客体、介体、环体4个方面分析提炼创新联合体知识共创的16个影响因素,采用二元语义-决策试验与评价实验室(DEMATEL)方法对各因素的因果类别和重要程度展开深入研究,辨析创新联合体知识共创的原因组因素和结果组因素,并综合比较各因素的影响度、被影响度、原因度和中心度得分,以此识别关键影响因素。结果表明:创新联合体知识共创受多重因素共同影响,其中知识共创平台是最重要的原因因素,知识共创绩效是最重要的结果因素,而知识存量水平、知识共享意愿、知识共创绩效、知识共创平台、数字技术工具、网络结构、政策制度是关键因素。鉴于此,要通过有效利用数字化工具、搭建知识共创平台,以及强化政府赋能营造优良知识共创环境,以提高创新联合体知识共创效果。

中国式现代化中的全过程人民民主

人民民主是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的应有之义,全过程人民民主是社会主义民主政治的本质属性,发展全过程人民民主是中国式现代化的本质要求。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期,发展全过程人民民主具有重大意义和特殊功能。坚持以人民为中心发展全过程人民民主,可以切实保障人民在现代化进程中当家作主的主体地位;坚持以问题为导向发展全过程人民民主,可以不断满足人民在现代化进程中日益增长的美好生活需要;坚持以制度为保障发展全过程人民民主,可以充分释放制度现代化促进高质量发展的国家治理效能。因此,扎实推进全过程人民民主,必将有力拓展和保障以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。

医疗机构中药制剂备案管理比较研究

目的:比较分析各医疗机构中药制剂备案管理工作的开展情况,为后续完善备案制度提供参考。方法:探析国家药品监督管理局发布的《关于对医疗机构应用传统工艺配制中药制剂实施备案管理的公告》(以下简称《公告》)与各省及直辖市出台的备案制实施细则和内容,选取8省市近5年来备案数据进行整理、比较和分析。结果:部分省市在《公告》基础上结合本地实际情况细化或扩充了备案范围、中药制剂品种取消备案、备案申报流程等内容。统计情况显示,2018-2020年各省市备案及备案机构数量呈逐年递增趋势,2021-2022年备案及备案机构数量有所减少。结论:通过分析发现医疗机构传统中药制剂存在相关制度不完善、申报配制制剂的医疗机构增长乏力、监管难度加大、中药制剂人才培养机制不健全等问题。建议落实各类激励政策,完善备案制制度;激励医疗机构配制中药制剂,加大投入;加强医疗机构中药制剂监管力度;加强专业人才队伍建设;加强宣传引导,引导医疗机构中药制剂向中药新药转化等。最终推动医疗机构中药制剂的良性发展,促进中医药事业的繁荣昌盛。

科技成果转化瓶颈与突破研究

近年来,科技成果转化作为推动国家科技进步和经济发展的关键环节,受到了广泛关注。本研究基于深入剖析科技成果转化的现状,识别并分类影响其效率的多维瓶颈问题,包括技术、管理、政策等方面。文章进一步深化对瓶颈问题的理解,并结合理论和实践探讨一系列针对性的突破策略,旨为理论研究和实际操作提供有益参考,并推动科技成果更高效地转化应用,进而驱动经济持续健康发展。

行政事业单位预算管理存在的问题和解决对策

预算管理一体化改革的推进和新预算法的出台,对行政事业单位预算管理工作提出了新要求。文章以行政事业单位预算管理过程中发现的问题作为出发点,提出相应的解决对策和思路,为当下预算管理的新要求提供参考。