The Institutionalization of Life Cycle Assessment in Mexico

This article presents a study of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at a slaughterhouse located in north-western Mexico with the purpose of testing the premise of a low degree of institutionalization of Industrial Ecology in Mexico. The article aims at analyzing the current role played by the Mexican academia in increasing the degree of institutionalization of the concept of LCA in northwestern Mexico. There was conducted a life cycle analysis study according to the standards ISO 14040: 2006, NMX-SAA-14040-IMNC-2008NOM in a Federally Inspected Type (TIF by Spanish acronym) Slaughterhouse in the state of Sonora in Northwest Mexico. The slaughter process was characterized by observing the production tasks during several walkthroughs the production lines and by having short interviews with workers, supervisors, and the manager. The CH4 emissions were calculated using the guidelines suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2006). The present LCA case study revealed opportunities for improving the environmental performance of the slaughterhouse by taking measures such as the reduction of CH4 from enteric fermentation since methane was one of the main greenhouse gases responsible for climate change. Although, the LCA generated reliable information in terms of climate change or water eutrophication, the chances of implementing sustainable initiatives were unlikely because the benefits to reduce the impacts to climate change or to reduce the water crisis would be unnoticeable and unaffordable for companies. Findings in this study also confirmed the importance of Mexican universities for promoting and conducting more LCA studies among private and public organizations in order to guide firms towards this tool. The case study here presented gives insights to LCA stakeholders in Mexico to implement or improve the effectiveness of their potential LCA initiatives through the identification of strategies, opportunities, and barriers.

Institutionalization of a Human Community with a Shared Future and Principles of International Law

The doctrine of building“a human community with a shared future”(HCSF)is a Chinese diplomatic strategy in the new era moving closer to the center of global affairs.It includes enriched ideas about international law and the essential elements of institutionalization.The emergence and development of modem international law have revealed the critical importance of the ideas about international law as guidance for institutions.It is necessary and possible to institutionalize the HCSF by setting its ideas as principles of international law.The principles of international law for the HCSF are those of durable peace,universal security,common prosperity,coexistence of different civilizations,and sustainable development.The new five principles of the HCSF are integrated with the existing general principles of international law and Chinese proposals for the new era,which is not only the development of Chinese-initiated Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence but also a new contribution to the contemporary international law.It will be the new guidance to advance the profound changes of international relations unseen in a century for the common interest of mankind.

Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and quality.Design/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly prowess.Rankings of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS database.The rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique Specialties.Rankings associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,Engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer Engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are discussed.Findings:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in Engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant change.The evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and Discipline-dependent.Practical implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow area of research for comparison,diminishing the broader applicability and impact of the assessment.In general,existing institutional rankings depend on which institutions are included in the ranking process,which areas of research are considered,the breadth(or granularity)of the research areas of interest,and the methodologies used to define and quantify research performance.In contrast,the methods presented here can provide important data over a broad range of granularity to allow responsible individuals to gauge the performance of any institution from the Overall(all Fields)level,to the level of the Specialty.The methods may also assist identification of the root causes of shifts in institution rankings,and how these shifts vary across hundreds of thousands of Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties of scholarly endeavor.Originality/value:This study provides the first ranking of all academic institutions worldwide over Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties based on a unique methodology that quantifies the productivity,impact,and quality of individual scholars.

2024国际标准化(麒麟)大会在南京成功举办

Directed by International Electrotechnical Committee(IEC),German Commission for Electrical,Electronic&Information Technologies(DKE),and British Standards Institution(BSI),the 2024 International Standardization(Chilin)Forum was held at the IEC Promotion Center(Nanjing)on June 25 with the theme of“Digital empowerment and the synergy between electricity and carbon:International standardization driving sustainable development”.The forum was co-hosted by Nanjing Municipal Government,State Grid Corporation of China,China Huaneng Group Co.,Ltd.,and Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering.It was jointly held by China Three Gorges Corporation Association for Science and Technology,NARI Group Corporation,IEC Promotion Center(Nanjing),Nanjing Chilin Science and Technology Innovation Park,and Institute of Next Generation Power Systems and International Standards of Wuhan University.

Can We Manage Coastal Area? Will We?——The Institutional Change of the Coastal Area Management of Taiwan

The Coastal Zone Management Act was finally promulgated in 2015,while Ministry of the Interior was asked to draft a coastal management act in 1991 by Executive Yuan.It was until the government’s lifting of martial law in 1987,vigorous activities started prevailing on coastal areas.And relevant legal documents were on sea reclamation for development in the 1980’s by Council of Agriculture.The approval of“Taiwan Coastal Area Natural Environment Protection Plan”showed an era of environmental protection in 1980s.However,it was surely not market driven,similar to land development,but some efforts by the administration systems.Through all the years,the efforts were put on drafting plans and these efforts were not quite sounding.The coastal disasters and further climate change caught the attention of relevant NGOs,scholars,politicians,and the society.At the critical juncture the government was made to react to outside demands.And then the Coastal Zone Management Act was passed by Legislative Yuan,establishing an integrated coastal management system in Taiwan.As such,it is proposed to look into this long process of the attempt with the concept of institutional change in order to understand this coastal environmental preservation and protection issue in a broader scope.

Determinants of Satisfaction at Work and Its Reflections on Performance

This study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and performance,investigating personality traits and satisfaction aspects among employees of a Federal Higher Education Institution.A questionnaire was administered to 658 participants,using structural equation modeling for analysis.Results highlighted that challenging work,neuroticism,and self-esteem significantly influenced overall workplace satisfaction,while general satisfaction,self-efficacy,and lack of attention were key determinants of work performance.This emphasizes the importance for managers to prioritize factors enhancing employee satisfaction,as it positively correlates with job performance.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions in Shaanxi Province

To understand the current situation of institutional registration in Shaanxi Province after the implementation ofregistration system management in drug clinical trial institutions.Relevant information was collected on the“Announcement on the Accreditation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions”issued by the National Medical Products Administration from 2005 to August 2022,the record management information system of drug and medical device clinical trial institutions,and the drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform.A retrospective analysis was carried out in terms of institutional development,regional distribution,registered majors,principal investigators,and the number of drug clinical trials.After the implementation of institution registration,the number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province increased by 47.4%,884 principal investigators were registered,the number of registered majors expanded from 58 qualified to 117,and the professional scope increased by 50.4%.The policy of institution registration is conducive to promoting the rational use of medical resources and the development of drug clinical trial institutions and improving the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry in Shaanxi Province.

强基层:深圳南山区域医疗联合体的策略和效果

目的分析区域医疗联合体(以下简称“医联体”)政策指引下深圳南山区域医联体发展的探索,为其他地区医药卫生体制改革提供参考。方法通过知情人访谈、现场调研、二次资料分析、头脑风暴等方法剖析深圳南山区域医联体强基层的策略背景、实施内容和实施效果。结果统一管理所有基层医疗卫生机构,实行标准化建设,有助于更好地发展基层医疗卫生机构;实施区域学科联盟,以契约方式加强医院和基层医疗卫生机构的人员联系,具有可行性。结论强基层是医药卫生体制改革的重点,深圳南山区域医联体强基层的策略具有参考借鉴价值。

新医改后我国乡镇卫生院医疗服务量变化趋势及其影响因素:基于29个省际面板数据的实证分析

目的了解我国乡镇卫生院医疗服务量情况,明确不同因素对乡镇卫生院医疗服务量的影响及其程度,为进一步发挥乡镇卫生院功能提供依据。方法数据来自2010—2019年《中国农村统计年鉴》《中国人口和就业统计年鉴》《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《中国交通年鉴》,对新一轮医药卫生体制改革后我国29个省(自治区、直辖市)乡镇卫生院医疗服务量情况进行描述性分析。利用面板数据分析乡镇卫生院医疗服务量的影响因素,包括乡镇卫生院医疗卫生资源配置,以及农村地区经济、老龄化、教育、社会发展水平。结果2009—2018年我国乡镇卫生院医疗服务量整体呈上升趋势。卫生资源配置是影响乡镇卫生院医疗服务量的重要因素;农村道路密度对医疗服务量有显著正向影响,即农村道路密度越高,医疗服务量越多;农村地区老龄化水平、居民教育水平对出院人数具有负向影响。结论我国仍需重视乡镇卫生院卫生资源配置,关注卫生资源配置数量、质量与效率;提高乡镇卫生院服务能力,拓展服务内涵,持续推进强基层建设。

三级医疗机构医院卫生技术评估实施现况

目的分析三级医疗机构医院卫生技术(hospital-based health technology assessment,HB-HTA)评估开展现状,为完善医疗机构HB-HTA的应用提供参考和依据。方法运用便利抽样方法,对国家卫生健康委员会医疗管理服务指导中心HB-HTA工作试点医院和已开展HB-HTA的其他医院进行问卷调查和关键知情人访谈。结果共调查19家三级医疗机构,开展HB-HTA有利于促进医疗机构科学管理决策、保障医疗质量和安全、节约医院预算、提高HB-HTA认知水平。但目前HB-HTA还存在缺乏长期持续开展的激励机制、缺乏HB-HTA相关专业人才和部门、HB-HTA流程过于繁杂、卫生技术评估时效性较差、决策支持效率较低、研究结果推广率低等问题。结论建议加强政策、资金支持,注重加强医院内部卫生技术评估人才的引进和能力培训,积极鼓励和引导医院内部建立具体HB-HTA小组或者部门,探索开发HB-HTA支持决策流程的智能化工具或软件,通过多种方式促进评估成果和评估报告的传播共享,不断完善HB-HTA的开展。

上海疾病预防控制机构人员公共卫生伦理审查认知现况和改进策略

目的了解上海市疾病预防控制机构(以下简称“疾控机构”)从业人员公共卫生伦理审查认知现况,为提升疾控机构从业人员伦理认知水平、加强疾控机构伦理审查委员会建设和规范公共卫生伦理审查工作提供依据。方法采用问卷调查,调查疾控机构从业人员的人口学与职业特征、公共卫生伦理审查相关认知等情况,对上海市、区两级疾病预防控制机构的从业人员按比例发放电子问卷,回收有效问卷146份。结果受调查者认为在业务实践和科研活动开展中有必要构建公共卫生伦理审查规定与机制的分别有87.7%、89.7%;有必要构建公共卫生伦理审查评估体系的分别有86.3%、88.4%;有必要开展形式审查、跟踪审查和结题审查的分别有90.4%、92.5%、90.4%;伦理审查委员会有助于业务实践和科研开展的有93.2%。设有伦理审查委员会的机构受调查者与未设有伦理审查委员会的机构受调查者在开展形式审查的必要性认知、医学伦理相关规则对公共卫生伦理价值判定的体现程度认知、公共卫生伦理知识对目前工作或课题研究的帮助程度认知、在机构业务实践或科研开展中构建公共卫生伦理审查规定与机制或评估体系的必要性认知等方面差异有统计学意义;参加伦理培训的受调查者与未参加伦理培训的受调查者在公共卫生伦理知识对工作或课题研究的帮助程度认知差异有统计学意义。结论疾控机构从业人员高度认可全过程伦理管理和公共卫生伦理审查制度建设的必要性,伦理审查委员会建设、人员培训参加情况可能影响公共卫生伦理审查认知。建议强化疾控机构科研项目的全过程伦理管理,加强疾控项目伦理审查制度建设,探索建立疾控机构纵向型伦理审查体系;强化伦理培训,增强从业人员伦理意识,提高从业人员伦理认知。

上海市医疗卫生机构职工休息室建设需求与对策建议

目的调查分析上海市医疗卫生机构职工休息室建设需求和管理现状,为改善医务职工的工作环境和工作条件提供方法和经验。方法对各级医院和医疗急救中心的医务职工进行线上电子问卷调查,内容包括休息室现状及对休息室需求等,共回收有效问卷1434份。对9家医疗卫生机构开展现场调查,并与休息室建设负责人、管理负责人等15名相关人员进行访谈。结果所调查的医务职工中,13.7%没有时间休息,16.9%在休息室中休息,医疗机构现有职工休息室建设存在设置不均衡、总体数量少、使用率有待进一步提高等问题。医务人员对休息室的需求主要集中于面积、布局、室内环境、功能等方面,其中不同工作特性医务人员的休息需求有所不同。医务职工休息室建设与推行难点主要为用房紧张、法规标准不明确、管理困难、医务职工休息需求不被重视。结论在医务职工休息室规划建设上,建议加大政策支持力度,建立规范化管理制度,并通过加强组织领导、多方协同合作,确保休息室建设改善工作能有效落实。在具体建设方面,应满足医务职工多元需求,可因地制宜规划设计、合理划分功能分区。此外,还应重视宣传总结,营造“健康工作,科学休息”的积极氛围。

河南省远程医疗业务系统建设及应用

目的了解河南省远程医疗业务系统建设与应用效果,为河南省远程医疗发展提供建议。方法2019年10月—2020年12月,采用自行设计的调查问卷对河南省二级、三级医疗机构的业务系统建设及业务开展情况进行调研,并采用描述性分析方法对不同等级医疗机构远程医疗建设情况进行分析。结果河南省三级医院远程会诊系统、远程教育系统建设占比达100.0%,其中远程教育系统2019年占比较2018年上升30.0个百分点,二级医院除远程会诊系统之外,其余远程医疗业务系统建设占比下降。远程教育服务人次最多,服务1000人次以上的三级医院占50.0%,二级医院占5.0%。三级医院普通会诊响应时长在12 h以内的占比提升16.5个百分点,紧急会诊响应时长在2 h以内的占比提升26.6个百分点。结论远程医疗在三级医院发展速度较快,在二级医院普及速度放缓,并存在基础建设工作推进困难以及平台、数据标准不统一的问题。应引导大型医院、企业点对点帮扶基层医疗卫生机构,在各级医院推广远程教育,提高医护工作者远程服务意识,并加强医疗系统标准化建设工作,促进数据互联互通,提高远程医疗业务便捷度。

疾病预防控制机构深化党建带群建工作的理论基础与实践例证

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃。其中,党的群团工作百年经验开创了中国特色社会主义群团发展道路,推动了马克思主义群团观的中国化时代化进程。研究基于马克思主义的理论与实践辩证统一关系,以党的群团工作百年经验为理论基础,指引形成疾病预防控制机构深化党建带群建工作的实践思路与内容:聚焦“制度建设”,加强党的群团工作制度化、规范化;聚焦“人才队伍与组织架构建设”,夯实党的群团工作组织基础;聚焦“能力提升”,提升党的群团工作服务能力和水平。最终,在党建带群建工作的计划性与连续性、群团组织内部工作的整体性与联动性、党建带群建工作的服务意识和实践能力等方面取得显著的实践成效。

美欧对华“去风险”战略及对中国的影响

At the end of March 2023,President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen delivered a speech on EUChina relations,reiterating what she said at the World Economic Forum held at the beginning of the year that“we need to focus on derisking rather than decoupling,”1 elaborating on the concept of“derisking”proposed by the EU and putting forward initial strategic ideas on how to“de-risk”from China.2 On April 27,US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan pointed out in a speech at the Brookings Institution that“US and European leaders are for de-risking and diversifying,not decoupling,toward trade with China.”3 This statement marked the Biden administration’s denial of its earlier idea of“decoupling”from China,and shift of its position to support the EU's“de-risking”strategy from China.Since then,the concept of“de-risking”has begun to replace“decoupling”and become the linchpin of the United States and Europe’s policy toward China,and the idea is increasingly spreading outward to other US allies and partners.Particularly.

International Renowned Databases and Institutions Indexing Asian Agricultural Research

Asian Agricultural Research(ISSN 1943-9903),founded in 2009,is a monthly comprehensive agricultural academic journal published and approved by the Library of Congress of the United States of America.·CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure),China·CSA Illumina(Cambridge Scientific Abstracts),USA·EBSCO database,USA·CABI(Center for Agriculture and Biosciences International),UK·AgEcon Search(Research in Agricultural and Applied Economics),USA·Naresuan University Library,Thailand·Agricultural Development Foundation(ADF),India。

上海妇幼保健系统党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作现状与对策建议

目的调查当前上海市妇幼保健机构党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作现状,对本系统人才队伍建设提出对策建议,为打造一支政治过硬、业务精湛、作风优良的妇幼健康人才队伍打好基础。方法通过召开1场人才工作专题会,发放17张机构调查表和321份调查问卷,到3个区妇幼保健院(所)实地调研,收集17家机构工作总结等方式,了解2020—2022年上海市、区两级17家妇幼保健机构党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作情况。结果上海妇幼保健系统党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作在机制建设、思想引领和培养方式上已经取得一定成效,但在受访者中,仍有39.75%对该项工作不了解;57%的非党员业务骨干不愿意或不确定是否入党;82名非业务骨干党员认为自身与业务骨干在工作格局(27.27%)、管理能力(24.43%)、业务能力(14.2%)和人际沟通能力(11.93%)等方面存在差距。结论本市妇幼保健系统要进一步加强党员和业务骨干“双培养”工作的推进力度:一要立足“党管”、立足“精准”、立足“长远”;二要加强对业务骨干思想引领和文化引领;三要实现党员工作格局、职业素养和综合实力三方面超越,从而不断提升人才素质,夯实妇幼事业的人才基础。

“新华盛顿共识”与美国经济战略的转型

On April 27,2023,US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan delivered a speech at the Brookings Institution titled“Reinvigorating US Economic Leadership,”1 giving a comprehensive account of the Biden administration’s international economic agenda and presenting for the first time the“new Washington consensus”which lay down the ideological foundations for future economic strategic planning in the United States.The fact that a senior official in charge of national security announced US international economic policy sends an unusual signal.Moreover,US Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo,Secretary of the Treasury Janet L.Yellen,and President Biden have delivered several vital speeches on American economic strategy.Some basic ideas demonstrated in these speeches represent the major consensus the US strategic elite have formed based on the shifts in the US domestic interest groups’structure and social ideology.They outline the primary direction of the future economic strategy of the United States and show that it is undergoing the most significant transformation of economic thoughts and strategic posturing since the 1970s.This transformation will profoundly affect the evolution of the future international economic order and significantly impact China’s economic development and security.

上海市试点推进医疗机构疾控监督员制度创新探索与实践

上海市推进医疗机构疾控监督员制度试点工作,以系统集成理念探索试点制度创新,推动打造预防、治疗、管理一体化的医疗服务模式。选取浦东、长宁、嘉定作为试点区,开展多元路径实践,推出多项创新举措,探索疾控监督员驻点模式,形成了行之有效的经验做法,提高重大传染病疫情早发现、早报告、早处置能力,建立了可借鉴、可复制的工作样板。同时,也指出了当前面临能力建设、激励机制等问题和挑战,提出了未来高质量推进疾控监督员制度建设的工作举措。

A Study on Informatization Teaching Efficacy in Higher Vocational Education in Guangzhou,China

China has been vigorously promoting the construction and development of Informatization teaching efficacy education.Informatization teaching efficacy was used as an indicator of the psychological state of teachers.This article analyzes relevant literature at home and abroad and determines the five dimensions that affect teachers’informatization teaching efficacy in informatization teaching.