A Study of Pharmacist-Patient Communication: Examining Optimal Distance and Angle Using an Eye-Tracking System

This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analysis based on the subjective evaluation of the patient and the objective evaluation of eye movements. Seven female simulated patients and one male and one female pharmacist cooperated as patients and pharmacists, respectively. The medication teaching scenes were set up with three pharmacist placements (face-to-face at 50 cm and 70 cm, 90-degree at 70 cm) and three hospital rooms (0-degree, 45-degree, 90-degree). Pupil diameter, blink rate, saccades, and fixation rate of the patient at each of these locations were measured using a Tobii Pro Glass 2. The patient’s subjective evaluation at each placement was also investigated using the conversation scale, which assesses the optimal distance for conversation. The results for the pharmacy setting revealed that pupils were significantly more mydriatic at the 50 cm point than at the other points. The results for the hospital room setting showed the greatest mydriasis at the 0-degree point. The result of the 50 cm point for the pharmacy setting and the 0-degree point for the hospital room setting was similar to that of the subjective evaluation. When the likelihood of saccades occurrence in the hospital room setting was compared, saccades were found to be most likely to occur when medication instructions were given to patients at the 0-degree point. We believe that using pupil diameter for interpersonal distance, and saccades for angle will enable more accurate determinations of the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient. The results of the present study suggest that the 70 cm face-to-face point in the pharmacy and the 45-degree point in the ward may be suitable for medication instruction.

A TSE based design for MMSE and QRD of MIMO systems based on ASIP

A Taylor series expansion(TSE) based design for minimum mean-square error(MMSE) and QR decomposition(QRD) of multi-input and multi-output(MIMO) systems is proposed based on application specific instruction set processor(ASIP), which uses TSE algorithm instead of resource-consuming reciprocal and reciprocal square root(RSR) operations.The aim is to give a high performance implementation for MMSE and QRD in one programmable platform simultaneously.Furthermore, instruction set architecture(ISA) and the allocation of data paths in single instruction multiple data-very long instruction word(SIMD-VLIW) architecture are provided, offering more data parallelism and instruction parallelism for different dimension matrices and operation types.Meanwhile, multiple level numerical precision can be achieved with flexible table size and expansion order in TSE ISA.The ASIP has been implemented to a 28 nm CMOS process and frequency reaches 800 MHz.Experimental results show that the proposed design provides perfect numerical precision within the fixed bit-width of the ASIP, higher matrix processing rate better than the requirements of 5G system and more rate-area efficiency comparable with ASIC implementations.

PEPFL:A framework for a practical and efficient privacy-preserving federated learning

As an emerging joint learning model,federated learning is a promising way to combine model parameters of different users for training and inference without collecting users’original data.However,a practical and efficient solution has not been established in previous work due to the absence of efficient matrix computation and cryptography schemes in the privacy-preserving federated learning model,especially in partially homomorphic cryptosystems.In this paper,we propose a Practical and Efficient Privacy-preserving Federated Learning(PEPFL)framework.First,we present a lifted distributed ElGamal cryptosystem for federated learning,which can solve the multi-key problem in federated learning.Secondly,we develop a Practical Partially Single Instruction Multiple Data(PSIMD)parallelism scheme that can encode a plaintext matrix into single plaintext for encryption,improving the encryption efficiency and reducing the communication cost in partially homomorphic cryptosystem.In addition,based on the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and the designed cryptosystem,a novel privacy-preserving federated learning framework is designed by using Momentum Gradient Descent(MGD).Finally,we evaluate the security and performance of PEPFL.The experiment results demonstrate that the scheme is practicable,effective,and secure with low communication and computation costs.

Lecturers’Efforts in Building Rapport in the English-Medium Instruction(EMI)Context:Focus on the Use of Communication Strategies

Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on learning outcomes,it is imperative that teachers establish positive emotional rapport with their students.This study explores how experienced and highly rated EMI lecturers at a Chinese university’s overseas campus use communication strategies to build rapport with their students during interactive academic activities.It identifies the strategies used by these lecturers and examines how the strategies facilitate the teaching-learning process.The data,consisting of 10 hours of tutorials and 10 hours of supervisor-student supervision meetings,is analyzed using an adapted Conversation Analysis(CA)approach.The analysis reveals three types of communication strategies(CSs)frequently used by lecturers:back-channeling,codeswitching,and co-creation of messages.By employing these strategies,the lecturers established a strong rapport with the students,which created an encouraging and supportive learning environment.Consequently,this positive atmosphere facilitated students’learning of content knowledge through English.The findings of this study have implications for the training of lecturers who encounter difficulties in establishing rapport with multilingual students in the EMI setting.

An Assessment of English Instruction for Elementary-Level Students in Jeddah Governorate, as Perceived by English Supervisors and Educators

This study investigated the perceptions of English educators and supervisors in Jeddah Governorate regarding the process of teaching English to elementary students.A survey was conducted using a sample size of 94 educators and 10 supervisors.The data indicate that respondents considered English instruction at the elementary level essential for expanding kids’perspectives,improving academic performance,and promoting international involvement.The main advantages cited are the development of English language skills and the promotion of early education.Although not as easily noticeable,the disadvantages include potential negative impacts on an individual’s proficiency in Arabic and their sense of national identification.The highlighted challenges encompass insufficient teacher training,student reluctance towards English,limited resources,and school disparities.The proposed techniques focused on prioritizing English instructors’training,ensuring the use of appropriate content,utilizing technology,and promoting awareness of students and educators.The current research found different obstacles in teaching English at elementary stages.To overcome these obstacles,it will be essential to enhance teacher competencies,develop efficient teaching methods,get the backing of stakeholders,assign adequate resources,and carry out continuous evaluations.Further research can also contribute to a better understanding of how early English learning impacts on Arabic identity and proficiency.

A Survey Study of Kindergarten Teachers’Use of ChatGPT to Support Instructional Design

With the rapid development of information technology,Artificial Intelligence(AI)is gradually applied to a wide range of fields,especially the powerful ability of ChatGPT to bring infinite possibilities for education,but teachers’attitudes toward using it are not yet clear.The study investigates the use of ChatGPT by kindergarten teachers to support instructional design using questionnaires and interviews to explore the attitudes and perceptions of kindergarten teachers toward its use.The results indicate that kindergarten teachers hold positive preferences for technology acceptance,perceived self-efficacy,and learning attitudes toward using ChatGPT for instructional design.Meanwhile,the study argues that more research is needed in the future to focus on how kindergarten teachers can aptly use ChatGPT to improve the quality of instruction in realistic instructionenvironments.

A Study on the Application of Task-Driven Teaching Method in High School Mathematics Teaching: Taking “The Determination of Vertical Line and Plane” as an Example

The“Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition,2020 Revision)”clearly stated in“Teaching Suggestions”that“teaching activities based on the core literacy of mathematics should grasp the essence of mathematics,create appropriate teaching situations,put forward appropriate mathematical questions,stimulate students to think and communicate,and form and develop the core literacy of mathematics.”The task-driven teaching model is a new type of teaching method that takes tasks as the main line,teachers as the guide,and students as the main body,which can enable students to engage deeply in classroom discussions and think actively.Based on the characteristics and principles of the task-driven teaching method,this paper designs a high school mathematics classroom teaching based on the task-driven teaching method,hoping to provide a reference for the majority of front-line teachers.

GAFEE:5 Steps to Teach Effectively

The authors first propose the GAFEE(Goal-Oriented Engagement,Autonomous Exploration,Feedback-Enhanced Explanation,Challenge-Driven Elaboration,Collaborative Evaluation,Iterative Design,and Technological Synergy)instructional design model,which is based on the integration of gamified teaching and the 5E teaching model.It aims to address the issue of gamification not being systematically incorporated into the curriculum,while also enhancing engagement in the educational setting,stimulating interest in learning,and achieving better learning outcomes.The theoretical application of the GAFEE model is demonstrated through a hypothetical case involving a fourth-grade English class,highlighting its potential to improve students'vocabulary acquisition,grammar comprehension,and speaking proficiency.The study argues that the GAFEE model offers a novel approach to enhancing instructional practices by leveraging gamification strategies.It also emphasizes the need for empirical research to validate the model's effectiveness and broader applicability in gamified educational settings.

A Study on High School Mathematics Teaching Design Based on Teaching for Robust Understanding: Taking the Cosine Theorem as an Example

Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opportunities for students’classroom performance as well as lack of formative evaluation of students.In order to solve the phenomenon,this paper analyzes and explains how to promote teaching based on the Teaching for Robust Understanding(TRU)evaluation framework with the goal of focusing on the development of all students,taking the teaching design of The Cosine Theorem as an example,and provides ideas and methods for first-line high school mathematics teachers.

Exploring Pedagogical Ideologies and Strategies for College English Writing Instruction from a Generative Artificial Intelligence Perspective

This study,drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction,outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction,including auxiliary use of generative artificial intelligence tools,primary focus on humanistic education,and the re-production of knowledge,aiming to foster students’critical thinking,collaborative skills,and creativity.Building on this foundation,the study delves into generative artificial intelligence tools applicable to different stages of process-genre writing and their strategic applications.The use of generative artificial intelligence tools is beneficial for students to present,discuss,and share writing content,encouraging them to enhance their writing,collaboration,critical thinking,and creative abilities through deep interaction with model essays and creative discourses.

Teaching Design and Implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology Course Based on Teaching Ability Competition

The teaching ability competition is a vital method for stimulating teachers’enthusiasm and enhancing their teaching skills.This approach has gained increasing attention from colleges and universities in recent years.The competition focuses on evaluating teachers’capabilities in designing and implementing lessons,encouraging the exchange of new educational ideas and high-quality teaching methods.Reforming the teaching of Electrical and Electronic Technology courses based on insights from teaching competitions can significantly improve teaching quality.This paper explores the teaching design and implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology course,drawing on the principles of teaching ability competitions.First,it analyzes the existing problems in teaching this course.Then,it highlights the significant benefits that teaching competitions bring to the course.Based on these insights,the paper proposes practical strategies aimed at enhancing students’interest and practical skills,thereby promoting innovative developments in teaching Electrical and Electronic Technology.

Teaching Design of the Junior High School English Reading for Deep Learning

English reading holds a pivotal position in junior high school English teaching,constituting an integral component of the entire educational process.Nowadays,it is imperative for English teachers to transcend the conventional,superficial reading instruction models and adopt a deep learning framework to fashion a profound reading classroom for students.This approach allows students to engage in inductive integration,application evaluation,and internalization and transfer,enabling them to delve into seemingly intricate and challenging texts,exploring them from multiple dimensions,including content,structure,and cultural implications.Ultimately,this fosters the development of students'comprehensive reading abilities and English core literacy.This paper,drawing from the perspective of deep learning and incorporating specific case studies,aims to devise a junior high school English reading instruction design that is both academically rigorous and emotionally engaging,with a focus on enhancing students'English core literacy and overall reading proficiency.

Research on rapid development platform of PLC control system

In the field of industrial process control,a fast-development platform for programmable logic controller(PLC)systems is designed in order to solve two main problems of rapid development of PLC control system and programmability of controlling software.In the aspect of design,the platform is composed of hardware controlling and software monitoring and is taking industrial computer as the core.Under the Windows environment,the platform establishes the control instruction set,develops the configuration function and visual programming function of the monitoring software and it integrates PLC controller based on Visual Basic software.In order to achieve the function of data monitoring,it has realized the serial communication between computer and PLC by using RS-485 and RS-232 serial ports line communication.The platform designs the intelligent instruction scheduling strategy by studying the encoding and decoding rules of the communication instruction set.It proposes a method for rapidly developing control programs by adopting the expert control mode,which enables clients to develop and modify programs conveniently by importing instructions in a non-coded manner.After experimental testing,the platform is proved successful achieving both the rapid development of PLC control system and the rapid modification of monitoring software.

Combining Task Scheduling in Power Adaptive Dynamic Reconfigurable System

Supplying the electronic equipment by exploiting ambient energy sources is a hot spot. In order to achieve the match between power supply and demands under the variance of environments at real time, a reconfigurable technique is taken. In this paper, a dynamic power consumption model by using a lookup table as a unit is proposed. Then, we establish a system-level task scheduling model according to the task type. Based on single instruction multiple data （SIMD） architecture which contains a processing system and a control system with a Nios II processor, a practical dynamic reconfigurable system is built. The approach is evaluated on a hardware platform. The test results show that the system can automatically adjust the power consumption in case of external energy input changing. The utilization of the system dynamic power of their portion is from 80.05% to 91.75% during the first task assignment. During the entire processing cycle, the total energy efficiency is 97.67%.

A scalable and low power VLIW DSP core for embedded system design

Aims to provide the block architecture of CoStar3400 DSP that is a high performance, low power and scalable VLIW DSP core, it efficiently deployed a variable-length execution set (VLES) execution model which utilizes the maximum parallelism by allowing multiple address generations and data arithmetic logic units to execute multiple instructions in a single clock cycle. The scalability was provided mainly in using more or less number of functional units according to the intended application. Low power support was added by careful architectural design techniques such as fine-grain clock gating and activation of only the required number of control signals at each stage of the pipeline. The said features of the core make it a suitable candidate for many SoC configurations, especially for compute intensive applications such as wire-line and wireless communications, including infrastructure and subscriber communications. The embedded system designers can efficiently use the scalability and VLIW features of the core by scaling the number of execution units according to specific needs of the application to effectively reduce the power consumption, chip area and time to market the intended final product.

Numerical Modeling of Explosive Loading on Strong Rock Mass with Discontinuity System in Depth 25 m

Effect of Explosion on underground structures where drilled on the stony materials can be affected by explosive strength and rock mass properties of tunnel. In this paper, it has been studied on effect of explosion of 10 tons TNT on the round tunnel (diameter: 10 m) in 25 m depth in the mass rocks (RMR > 90) to estimate stability of tunnel to construct underground structure. Regarding to the studied stones, geo-mechanical indices of rock mass have been found to use as strength criteria in UDEC. In the next step, tunnel in real dimensions and founded indices is modeled with UDEC and analyzed stably. Explosion wave indices are found by UFC Instruction and other experimental relations to administer force from explosion wave on the model. Finally, on the base of FISH, indices of explosion wave are administrated in UDEC and tunnel is analyzed dynamically. According to modeling in depth of 25 m, amount of displacement of drilled tunnel in mass rocks (RMR < 90) is very lower than standard criterion and the tunnel is very stable. Development of plastic zone, vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass around the tunnel, speed variations and stress from explosion wave are modeled and recorded as the graphs and figures.

Design of Teaching System of Industrial Robots Using Mixed Reality Technology

Traditional teaching and learning about industrial robots uses abstract instructions,which are difficult for students to understand.Meanwhile,there are safety issues associated with the use of practical training equipment.To address these problems,this paper developed an instructional system based on mixed-reality(MR)technology for teaching about industrial robots.The Siasun T6A-series robots were taken as a case study,and the Microsoft MR device HoloLens-2 was used as the instructional platform.First,the parameters of the robots were analyzed based on their structural drawings.Then,the robot modules were decomposed,and 1:1 three-dimensional(3D)digital reproductions were created in Maya.Next,a library of digital models of the robot components was established,and a 3D spatial operation interface for the virtual instructional system was created in Unity.Subsequently,a C#code framework was established to satisfy the requirements of interactive functions and data transmission,and the data were saved in JSON format.In this way,a key technique that facilitates the understanding of spatial structures and a variety of human-machine interactions were realized.Finally,an instructional system based on HoloLens-2 was established for understanding the structures and principles of robots.The results showed that the instructional system developed in this study provides realistic 3D visualizations and a natural,efficient approach for human-machine interactions.This system could effectively improve the efficiency of knowledge transfer and the student’s motivation to learn.

An efficient adapting virtual intermediate instruction set towards optimized dynamic binary translator (DBT) system

A new efficient adapting virtual intermediate instruction set,V-IIS,is designed and implemented towards the optimized dynamic binary translator (DBT) system.With the help of this powerful but previously little-studied component,DBTs can not only get rid of the dependence of machine(s),but also get better performance.From our systematical study and evaluation,experimental results demonstrate that if V-IIS is well designed,without affecting the other optimizing measures,this could make DBT's performance close to those who do not have intermediate instructions.This study is an important step towards the grand goal of high performance "multi-source" and "multi-target" dynamic binary translation.

A wireless endoscope based on an embedded system

We presented a wireless endoscope system developed on the embedded Linux platform. This wireless endoscope system consists of three parts: the endoscope capsule,the portable equipment and the image workstation,which make this system wireless and portable. Hardware design of this system and software design of the portable equipment are described. In clinical use,patients swallow the endoscope capsule for gastrointestinal inspection. The portable equipment receives images of gastrointestinal tract via the radio frequency module while it sets and reads back parameters of the capsule via the low frequency module. Acquired image data can be saved as a FAT32 format file in an universal serial bus disk. Images can be processed and reviewed at an Microsoft Windows PC workstation in the next stage. The image acquired by this wireless endoscope system is quite effective with clear details of gastrointestinal tract. However,the endoscope capsule was large,making it difficult to swallow. So the printed circuit board design of endoscope capsule needs to be improved.

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics

General: The Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics is a joint publication of Chinese Society of Astronautics, Systems Engineering Society of China and Chinese Association for System Simulation. It appears four times a year in English. The EDITORIAL BOARD strives to publish well-written papers that present important research results within the JOURNAL SCOPE, which includes system analysis, system modeling and simulation, information systems engineering, pattern