Clinical prediction of insufficient vaults after implantable collamer lens implantation

AIM:To determine the factors related to preoperative ocular characters that are predictive of insufficient vault(<250μm)after implantable collamer lens(ICL V4c;STAAR Surgical)implantation.METHODS:The participants underwent ICL surgery and were divided into the low(<250μm)and normal(250-1000μm)vault groups based on the postoperative vault at 3mo.The preoperative biometric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.The relationship between the 3-month vault values and preoperative ocular parameters were evaluated by Generalized estimating equations.RESULTS:Sixteen(23 eyes)and 36 patients(63 eyes)were in the low and normal vault groups,respectively.All implantation procedures were uneventful with no cataract formation in the early postoperative period.The sulcusto-sulcus lens rise(STSL)and iris ciliary angle(ICA)were correlated with vault at 3mo after surgery.Every 0.1 mm increase in STSL was associated with 38.9μm decrease in the postoperative 3-month vault.A rise of 1 degree in ICA is associated with a reduction of 4μm in vault.CONCLUSION:Eyes with a narrow ciliary sulcus are associated with a higher rate of low vault after ICL implantation,suggesting a need for adjustments to the ICL size in these patients.Evaluating the characteristics of the ciliary sulcus contributes valuable information to predict low vault after surgery.

Analysis and Producing Causes of Available Sulphur Status quo(Rich or Insufficient) in Farmlands and Countermeasures in Dengzhou City

In the research, available sulphur in 4 700 soil samples was tested and analyzed in 2006-2007 in Dengzhou, and the results showed that available sulphur was insufficient in farmlands in Dengzhou for cereal crop and about 60% farmlands with available sulphur belong to the farmlands with potential shortage of available sulphur for Cruciferae, Liliaceae and Leguminosae. Meanwhile, the producing causes were analyzed from the perspectives of fertilization structure and planting structure and the countermeasures were proposed in terms of sulphur movements in plants and characters.

Biodegradable interference distraction implant:a promising replacement for conventional implant in patients with insufficient alveolar bone height

Background Dental implants have been widely used in the last few decades.However,patients with insufficient bone height need reconstructive surgeries before implant insertion.Distraction implant(Dl)has been invented to simplify the treatment procedure,but the shortcomings of Dl have limited its clinical use.We introduced biodegradable polyester to a novel Dl,called biodegradable interference distraction implant(BIDI).The purpose of this study was to assess the radiological,histological,and biomechanical properties of BIDI in animal models.Methods BIDIs were manufactured and inserted into the atrophied mandibles of 6 dogs.

Intelligent Recognition Method of Insufficient Fluid Supply of Oil Well Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Traditional methods for judging the degree of insufficient fluid supply in oil wells have low efficiency and limited accuracy. To address this problem, a method for intelligently identifying the degree of insufficient fluid supply in oil wells based on convolutional neural networks is proposed in this paper. Firstly, 5000 indicator diagrams with insufficient liquid supply were collected from the oilfield site, and a sample set was established after preprocessing;then based on the AlexNet model, combined with the characteristics of the indicator diagram, a convolutional neural network model including 4 layers of convolutional layers, 3 layers of down-pooling layers and 2 layers of fully connected layers is established. The backpropagation, ReLu activation function and dropout regularization method are used to complete the training of the convolutional neural network;finally, the performance of the convolutional neural network under different iteration times and network structure is compared, and the super parameter optimization of the model is completed. It has laid a good foundation for realizing the self-adaptive and intelligent matching of oil well production parameters and formation fluid supply conditions. It has certain application prospects. The results show that the accuracy of training and verification of the method exceeds 98%, which can meet the actual application requirements on site.

Vibration Characteristics of Rotor System with Loose Disc Caused by the Insufficient Interference Force

The rotating parts looseness is one of the common failures in rotating machinery.The current researches of looseness fault mainly focus on non-rotating components.However,the looseness fault of disc-shaft system,which is the main work part in the rotor system,is almost ignored.Here,a dynamic model of the rotor system with loose disc caused by the insufficient interference force is proposed based on the contact model of disc-shaft system with the microscopic surface topography,the vibration characteristics of the system are analyzed and discussed by the number simulation,and verified by the experiment.The results show that the speed of the shaft,the contact stiffness,the clearance between the disc and shaft,the damping of the disc and the rotational damping have an influence on the rotation state of the disc.When the rotation speed of the disc and the shaft are same,the collision frequency is mainly composed of one frequency multiplication component and very weak high frequency multiplication components.When the rotation speed of the disc and the shaft is close,the vibration of the disc occurs a beat vibration phenomenon in the horizontal direction.Simultaneously,a periodical similar beat vibration phenomenon also occurs in the waveform of the disc-shaft displacement difference.The collision frequency is mainly composed of a low frequency and a weak high frequency component.When the rotation speed of the disc and the shaft has great difference,the collision frequency is mainly composed of one frequency multiplication,a few weak high frequency multiplication components and a few low frequency multiplication component.With the reduction of the relative speed of the disc,the trajectory of the disc changes from circle-shape to inner eight-shape,and then to circle-shape.In the inner eight-shape,the inner ring first gradually becomes smaller and then gradually becomes larger,and the outer ring is still getting smaller.The obtained research results in this paper has important theoretical value for the diagnosis of the rotor system with the loose disc.

The Effectiveness of the Number of Extra Negative Items in Detecting Insufficient Effort Responses in Non-Cognitive Scales

This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of the number of extra negative items in identifying insufficient effort responses in Attitudes toward Statistics (SATS-36). The (SATS-36), which consists of 36 5-point Likert Scale items, was used to actually achieve the goal of this study. Furthermore, the researchers developed three forms, each with a different set of extra negative items (2, 4, and 6). The three forms were distributed to a sample of (750) students at Yarmouk University. The results revealed that form 1, which enclosed 6 extra negative items, had the lowest detected rate of insufficient effort responses (IERs) (7.20%), while form 3, which contained 2 extra negative items, had the highest detection rate (15.6%). The detection rate was discovered respectively among the Lie Detection Scale, Mahalanobois, lpz and the method of extra negative items. The highest detection rate was found in form 3 with two extra negative items, and data reliability decreased after the insufficient effort responses were removed (IERs). Furthermore, the results showed that the maximum changes in model-data fit indices after data filtering were in form 3, which contained two extra negative items. Moreover, the results indicate that the reliability of data after filtering those with insufficient effort responses (IERs) is reduced.

Insufficient Investment in Agriculture

ＩｎｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＩｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔｉｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ￥／／Ｕｎｌｉｋｅｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｉｓｉｎｇｄｅｍａｎｄｓｆｏｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ，ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ...

Effects of Insufficient Investment and Overproduction on Iran＇s Oil Production Trend

This paper, using multiple-Hubbert model, forecasts oil production trend of Iran with special focus on Iran＇s insufficient investment for developing recently discovered oilfields and overproduction from mature oilfields. This is mostly due to Iran＇s political and technical limitations to carry out oil and gas projects. The trend of Iran＇s oil production has been forecasted based on a multi-cycle modified Hubbert. Three different scenarios have been assumed. In the first scenario, it is assumed that Iran does not have any limitations to carry out oil and gas projects and develop its oilfields. International sanctions and lack of foreign investment have been taken into account in the second scenario. Overproduction from currently producing mature oilfields and its effect on production trend is investigated in the third scenario. The most important parameter to forecast oil production trend is URR （ultimate recoverable resource）. URR of Iran has been estimated by parabolic fractal curve. Here, based on the plotted parabolic fractal curve for the oil fields, amount of URR of Iran has been calculated that is around 200 Gb. First scenario has two peaks while the second and third scenarios have three peaks. All of the scenarios have forecasted Iran＇s first peak in 1975 at annual production rate of 2 Gb/Year. Based on first scenario, Iran＇s second peak will occur in 2029 at 2.334 Gb/Year. Second scenario has forecasted Iran＇s second and third peaks in 2011 at 1.575 Gb/Year and in 2064 at 2.205 Gb/Year respectively, and third scenario＇s peaks have been estimated to occur in 2011 at 1.573 Gb/Year and in 2061 at 2.030 Gb/Year.

Effect of low-dose glucocorticoid on corticosteroid insufficient patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of critical illness-related corticosteroid insuffi ciency(CIRCI) and the effect of low-dose glucocorticoid on prognosis of CIRCI in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).METHODS: Since January 2010 to December 2012, 385 patients, who met the criteria of AECOPD, were enrolled in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU) of the First People's Hospital and Municipal Central Hospital of Xiangtan City. The AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI screened by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test within 12 hours after admission to ICU were divided into a treatment group(n=32) and a control group(n=31) for a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. Hydrocortisone(150 mg/d) or normal saline was injected intravenously for 7 days. The patients were followed up for 28 days after injection. The endpoint included 28-day survival time, non-shock time, ICU stay and the period of non-mechanical ventilation. The markers ofinfl ammation C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 and procalcitonin were measured at baseline and 7 days after treatment. The variables were analyzed by Student's t test, the non-parametric statistical test, the Chi-square test or the Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS18.0 statistic software. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically signifi cant.RESULTS: Totally 63 patients were diagnosed with CIRCI by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test and the prevalence rate was 16.4%. The shock rate of the AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI was higher than that of the AECOPD patients without CIRCI(23.8% vs. 8.7%, P<0.01). KaplanMeier analysis revealed that the 28-day survival time of the treatment group was obviously longer than that of the control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, shock-free days within 28 days was longer in the treatment group(18.2±9.5 vs. 25.8±4.1, P<0.05). Treatment with low-dose glucocorticoid obviously decreased the markers ofinfection and inflammation(P<0.01), such as C-reactive protein(13.2±5.5 mg/L vs. 8.3±3.1 mg/L for the control group; 13.5±5.9 mg/L vs. 5.1±2.3 mg/L for the treatment group), tumor necrosis factor-α(26.1±16.2 g/L vs. 17.5±11.7 g/L for the control group; 25.0±14.8 g/L vs. 10.4±7.8 g/L for the treatment group) and procalcitonin(3.88 g/L vs. 2.03 g/L for the control group; 3.77 g/L vs. 1.26 g/L for the treatment group). Furthermore, the markers in the treatment group decreased more obviously than those in the control group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of CIRCI was higher in the patients with AECOPD in the department of critical medicine, and low-dose glucocorticoid treatment for one week reduced the 28-day mortality, shock time and markers ofinfection and infl ammation.

Hyper-Excitability Followed by Functional Quiescence in Neuronal Cells Caused by Insufficient Cellular Energy (ICE): Treatable by Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway

Living organisms derive energy for cellular activities through three primary mechanisms. The first is photosynthesis, which is restricted to plants and certain bacteria. It uses energy in sunlight to combine carbon dioxide with water to form carbohydrates plus oxygen. The second is chemical energy, which is ob-tainable by all organisms from the cellular metabolism of carbohydrates and other organic molecules. The third mechanism of obtaining cellular energy is the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. The ACE pathway is expressed as an added dynamic (kinetic) quality of the body’s fluids. It results from the absorption of an environmental force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). The fundamental role of KELEA is presumably to pre-vent the fusion and annihilation of electrostatically attracted opposing electrical charges. KELEA can loosen the hydrogen bonding between fluid molecules. KELEA benefits living organisms in part by enabling more efficient biochemical reactions. Cells require a minimal amount of energy to remain viable. Additional energy is required to undertake specialized cellular functions. Illnesses result if cells have insufficient cellular energy (ICE) for their specialized functions. Since KELEA is attracted to separated electrical charges, it is presumably attracted to the electrical charges comprising the membrane potential of cells. It is proposed that the depolarization of neuronal cells leads to the partial release of KELEA for use by the depolarized cell and as a contribution to the overall activation of the body’s fluids. Many brain illnesses currently attributed to cellular neurodegeneration are explainable as neuronal cells’ adaptations to ICE. The adaptations likely comprise initial hyper-excitability to obtain additional KELEA, followed by functional quiescence prior to actual neuronal cell death. Clinical recovery during both the hyper-excitable and hypoactive phases is potentially achievable by enhancing the ACE pathway. Furthermore, among the restored specialized functions of quiescent neuronal cells may be the capacity to again attract KELEA, leading to sustainable recovery. The opportunity exists for extended clinical trials involving the ACE pathway in neurological and psychiatric illnesses.

Acupuncture Treatment of 42 Cases of Insufficient Blood Supply to Vertebrobasilar Artery

Insufficient blood supply to vertebrobasilarartery is one of the ischemic cerebrovascular diseasesencountered commonly and frequently in old people.Its clinical symptoms are capricious,and severeischemia may jeopardize the life of the patient.Thekey point for saving the patient's life and raising thequality of life is to relieve the symptoms and improveblood supply to the brain.From May 1995 to

SELECTION OF ACUPOINTS BY DOPPLER SOUND SPECTROGRAM FOR TREATMENT OF INSUFFICIENT BLOOD SUPPLY OF CEREBRAL BASILAR ARTERY

Acupuncture moxibustion has been recognized to be effective for treatment of cerebral ischemia, but there are still some problems such as undefined criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and unchecked selection of acupoints. In the late 1980s, cerebrovascular examination was revolutionized in China

Reliability measure approach considering mixture uncertainties under insufficient input data

Reliability analysis and reliability-based optimization design require accurate measurement of failure probability under input uncertainties.A unified probabilistic reliability measure approach is proposed to calculate the probability of failure and sensitivity indices considering a mixture of uncertainties under insufficient input data.The input uncertainty variables are classified into statistical variables,sparse variables,and interval variables.The conservativeness level of the failure probability is calculated through uncertainty propagation analysis of distribution parameters of sparse variables and auxiliary parameters of interval variables.The design sensitivity of the conservativeness level of the failure probability at design points is derived using a semi-analysis and sampling-based method.The proposed unified reliability measure method is extended to consider p-box variables,multi-domain variables,and evidence theory variables.Numerical and engineering examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,which can obtain an accurate confidence level of reliability index and sensitivity indices with lower function evaluation number.

A Proposal on the Novel Method to Estimate Optimal Sleep Duration Based on Self-Reported Survey Data

Background: Many adolescents have a sleep debt. Individuals sleeping for their optimal sleep duration are expected to experience no sleepiness. Then, it is important to recognize one’s optimal sleep duration to reduce sleep debt. However, there is no simple method to determine this value. Since body mass index and sleep duration exhibit a U-shaped association, it is expected that a person taking optimal sleep duration would show no marked deviation from the mean body mass index value for the population evaluated. By using self-reported sleepiness and standardized body mass index, this study aimed to estimate individual optimal sleep duration. Methods: Data from 2540 grade 5 - 11 students were used. Students who declared no sleepiness during class and also had a gender- and grade-standardized body mass index of ±1.5 were termed ideal students. The average sleep durations of ideal students were compared with those of non-ideal students. The differences of sleep duration between ideal and no-ideal students were added to habitual sleep duration of each non-ideal student to obtain assumed optimal sleep duration. A multiple regression line to predict assumed optimal sleep duration was calculated using the least squares method. Results: The mean sleep duration of 666 ideal students exceeded the lower limit of daily sleep duration proposed as “may be appropriate” for children aged 6 - 17 years by National Sleep Foundation of the USA, being longer than those of non-ideal students. Significant regression formula for assumed optimal sleep duration was obtained (adjusted R2 = 0.996, p Conclusions: No contradiction was identified in the sleep duration obtained from ideal students as with optimal sleep duration. Although further studies to confirm the current estimation are needed, a simple formula to estimate individual optimal sleep duration through easily obtainable parameters was proposed.

Isolated Thyrotropin Elevation is Associated with Insufficient Night-sleep in Night-sleep Restricted Subjects

Mild thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） elevations are highly prevalent whereas large proportion of individuals with TSH elevations is without chronic autoimmune thyroid diseases.TSH secretion exhibits a daily circadian rhythm,and we previously reported that individuals with sleep disorders have significantly higher TSH levels than controls.

Diagnostic values of questionnaires of Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey and College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life in the screening of convergence insufficiency

AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.

Real-time shear wave elastography combined with biochemical indicators for evaluating liver injury in patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective To observe the value of real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)combined with biochemical indicators for evaluating liver injury in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods Totally 210 patients with CKD(CKD group)and 64 healthy subjects(control group)were retrospectively enrolled.Patients in CKD group were further divided into CKD1—5 subgroups according to CKD stages.SWE parameters of liver and kidney,including mean value,the maximum value and the median value of Young's modulus(EQI mean,EQI max and EQI med)were compared between CKD subgroups and control group.Spearman correlation analysis were performed to explore the correlations of liver and kidney SWE parameters with CKD stage,as well as of liver SWE parameters with biochemical indicators.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent predictors of liver injury in CKD patients.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of the independent predictors alone and their combination for assessing liver injury in CKD patients.Results Significant differences of liver and kidney SWE parameters were found among CKD subgroups and control group(all P≤0.001).Pairwise comparison showed that liver SWE parameters in CKD5 subgroup and liver EQI max in CKD4 subgroup were all higher than those in control group(all P<0.003).Kidney SWE parameters in CKD3 subgroup were all higher than those in control group,while in CKD4 subgroup were all higher than those in control group and CKD1—3 subgroup(all P<0.003).Kidney EQI mean and EQI med in CKD5 subgroup were all higher than those in control group and CKD1—4 subgroup,while kidney EQI max in CKD5 subgroup were higher than those in control group and CKD1—3 subgroup(all P<0.003).Liver and kidney SWE parameters were lowly-moderately and positively correlated with CKD stages(r=0.364—0.665,all P<0.001).Liver SWE parameters of CKD were weakly and positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(r=0.229—0.248,all P<0.01).Theγ-glutamyl transferase,ALP and liver EQI max were all independent predictors of liver injury in CKD patients(all P<0.01),with AUC for evaluating liver injury in CKD patients alone of 0.645,0.756 and 0.741,respectively,lower than that of their combination(0.851,all P<0.01).Conclusion Real-time SWE combined with liver function indicators could reflect degree of liver injury in patients with different CKD stages.

The in vitro digestion fates of diacylglycerol under different intestinal conditions:a potential lipid source for lipid indigestion patients

The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols(DAGs)are potential good lipid sources for these patients.Linseed oil-based DAG(LD)and linseed oil(LT)were selected.LD-based emulsion((83.74±1.23)%)had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion((74.47±1.16)%)when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously reported.Indigestion conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion((40.23±2.48)%-(66.50±3.70)%)while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion((64.18±2.41)%-(81.85±3.45)%).As opposed to LT-based emulsion,LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids(especially oleic acid andα-linolenic acid)due to their different glycerolipid compositions.LD-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients(including essential fatty acids)for lipid indigestion patients.

Chronic venous insufficiency, could it be one of the missing pieces in the puzzle of treating pain?

Pain is a common complaint among patients seeking medical care.If left un-treated,pain can become chronic,significantly affecting patients’quality of life.An accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of pain is crucial for effective treatment.Chronic venous insufficiency(CVI)is frequently overlooked by pain physicians.Moreover,many pain physicians lack sufficient knowledge about CVI.CVI is a common condition resulting from malfunctioning or damaged valves in lower limb veins.Symptoms of CVI,ranging from mild to severe,include pain,heaviness,fatigue,itching,swelling,skin color changes,and ulcers in the lower limbs.Recently,it has become more widely known that these symptoms can be attributed to CVI.Even slight or mild CVI can cause related symptoms.Pain physicians primarily consider neuromusculoskeletal disorders when assessing patients with leg pain,and often neglect the possibility of CVI.In clinical practice,when pain physicians encounter patients with unresolved leg pain,they must assess whether the patients exhibit symptoms of CVI and conduct tests to differ-entiate CVI from other potential causes.

Addison's disease caused by adrenal tuberculosis may lead to misdiagnosis of major depressive disorder: A case report

BACKGROUND Addison’s disease(AD)is a rare but potentially fatal disease in Western countries,which can easily be misdiagnosed at an early stage.Severe adrenal tuberculosis(TB)may lead to depression in patients.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of primary adrenal insufficiency secondary to adrenal TB with TB in the lungs and skin in a 48-year-old woman.The patient was misdiagnosed with depression because of her depressed mood.She had hyperpigmentation of the skin,nails,mouth,and lips.The final diagnosis was adrenal TB that resulted in the insufficient secretion of adrenocortical hormone.Adrenocortical hormone test,skin biopsy,T cell spot test of TB,and adrenal computed tomography scan were used to confirm the diagnosis.The patient’s condition improved after hormone replacement therapy and TB treatment.CONCLUSION Given the current status of TB in high-burden countries,outpatient doctors should be aware of and pay attention to TB and understand the early symptoms of AD.