Flange Cover装置在海洋油气储运设施上的应用分析

针对Flange Cover的安装空间及形式需求;在设计中采用经验公式对Flange Cover的尺寸及结构强度进行计算,采用ANSYS及CFD等数值分析辅助工具进行模拟及核算,得出满足安装、强度及J-60防火要求的Flange Cover形式。

Computation of the Fatigue Life of Road Wheel with Double-Layer Rubber Flange

In order to increase the fatigue life (FL) of road wheels (RW), a kind of double layer rubber flange (DLRF) is put forward. It consists of two layers of rubber, where metal wires are laid in the inner layer and the outer layer has no inlaid metal wires. Stress, strain and temperature field of DLRF were calculated with ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software, FL of DLRF RW was also computed with fracture mechanics fatigue theory. The results of computation indicate that the heat generated in RW's rubber flange (RF) can be reduced by the use of DLRF, and the FL of RW can be increased without affecting the mechanical intensity of RW.

Numerical simulation of the seismic behavior of self-centering steel beam-column connections with bottom flange friction devices

A new type of steel moment resisting frame with bottom flange friction devices （BFFDs） has been developed to provide self-centering capacity and energy dissipation, and to reduce permanent deformations under earthquakes. This paper presents a numerical simulation of self-centering beam-column connections with BFFDs, in which the gap opening/closing at the beam-column interfaces is simulated by using pairs of zero-length elements with compression-only material properties, and the energy dissipation due to friction is simulated by using truss elements with specified hysteretic behavior. In particular, the effect of the friction bolt bearing against the slotted plate in the BFFDs was modeled, so that the increase in lateral force and the loss of friction force due to the bolt bearing could be taken into account. Parallel elastic-perfectly plastic gap （ElasticPPGap） materials in the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation （OpenSees） were used with predefined gaps to specify the sequence that each bolt went into the bearing and the corresponding increase in bending stiffness. The MinMax material in OpenSees is used to specify the minimum and maximum values of strains of the ElasticPPGap materials. To consider the loss of friction force due to bok bearing, a number of parallel hysteretic materials were used, and the failure of these materials in sequence simulated the gradual loss of friction force. Analysis results obtained by using the proposed numerical model are discussed and compared with the test results under cyclic loadings and the seismic loading, respectively.

Avoiding sealing failure of flanged connection for tubes made of dissimilar materials subjected to elevated temperature

Carbonic composite materials and ceramics appear to be excellent structural materials for parts subjected to very high temperatures in molten salt reactors(MSRs), in which the reactor core outlet temperature is normally above 700℃. Because of the high temperature,there are major challenges in the sealing of flanged connections for tubes made of alloys and nonmetallic materials. In this study, an improved method for sealing bolted flange connections for tubes made of dissimilar materials at high temperature is analyzed. The study focuses on the compensation mechanism for the difference in thermal expansion between the bolts and the flanges. An angle is introduced for the sealing surface in the flanged connection to provide effective sealing. The arctangent of the angle is the ratio of the thickness between the theoretical core of the sealing surface and the outside end face of the flange to the distances between the axis of the flanged joint and the theoretical core of the sealing surface of the flange; the sealing surface of the flange, which is made of the same material as the fastening assemblies, faces the fastening assemblies. To ensure effective sealing, the frictional coefficient between the two sealing surfaces should not exceed the tangent of the angle. This result does not agree well with the solution given by previous researchers. Further, in the modified flanged connection, the compression of each bolt in the clamped condition is increased to maintain the compaction force unchanged without increasing the number of bolts on the flanged joint.

Experimental Investigation of Performance of the Wind Turbine with the Flanged-Diffuser Shroud in Sinusoidally Oscillating and Fluctuating Velocity Flows

The wind turbine with a flanged-diffuser shroud—so called “wind-lens turbine”—is developed as one of high performance wind turbines by Ohya et al. In this paper, the wind turbine performance is investigated for both steady and unsteady winds. The compact-type wind lens turbine shows higher efficiency than the only rotor wind turbine. Also, the flow structure around the compact-type wind turbine is made clear by CFD and PIV in steady wind. Furthermore, the performances of the only rotor and the compact-type wind-lens turbines for unsteady wind are experimentally and numerically investigated. Experimental and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the dependence of frequency of the harmonic oscillating velocity wind on power coefficient. Consequently, the compact-type wind-lens turbine show better performance than the only rotor one in sinusoidally oscillating velocity wind. Furthermore, the numerical estimation can predict the power coefficient in the oscillating flows to an accuracy of 94% to 102%. In addition, the dependence of the turbine performance on turbulent intensity and vortex scale of natural fluctuating wind is presented.

A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE FLANGE EARRINGS OF STRONG ANISOTROPIC SHEET METALS IN DEEP-DRAWING PROCESSES

Flange earrings of strong anisotropic sheet metals in deep-drawing process are numerically analyzed by the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation based on a discrete Kirchhoff triangle plate shell element model. A Barlat-Lian anisotropic yield function and a quasi-flow corner theory are used in the present formulation. The numerical results are compared with the experimental ones of cylindrical cup drawing process. The focus of the present researches is on the numerical analysis and the constraining scheme of the flange earring of circular sheets with strong anisotropy in square cup drawing process.

EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BOX GIRDER UNDER UNIFORM LOAD

A new method for the determination of effective flange width under uniform load on simply supported box girder bridges considering shear lag effect is proposed in this paper. Based on the Symplectic Elasticity method, the flange slab of the box girder is simplified into a plane stress plate. Using equilibrium conditions of the plates, the Hamilton dual equations for top plate element is established. The analytical formulas of each plate element considering shear lag effect are derived. The closed polynomial effective width expression of flange slab under uniform load on the whole span length has been obtained. Through examples using the finite element method, the results obtained by the proposed method are examined and the accuracy of the proposed method is verified.

Plastic Deformation Mechanism in Double-Roller Clamping Spinning of Flanged Thin-Walled Cylinder

Double?roller clamping spinning(DRCS) is a new process for forming a thin?walled cylinder with a complex surface flange. The process requires a small spinning force,and can visibly improve forming quality and production e ciency. However,the deformation mechanism of the process has not been completely understood. Therefore,both a finite element numerical simulation and experimental research on the DRCS process are carried out. The results show that both radial force and axial force dominate the forming process of DRCS. The deformation area elongates along the radial direction and bends along the axial direction under the action of the two forces. Both the outer edge and round corner of the flange show the tangential tensile stress and radial compressive stress. The middle region shows tensile tangential stress and radial stress,while the inner edge shows compressive tangential stress and radial stress. Tan?gential tensile strain causes a wall thickness reduction in the outer edge and middle regions of the flange. The large compressive thickness strain causes material accumulation and thus,an increase in the wall thickness of the round corner. Because of bending deformation,the round corner shows a large radial tensile strain in addition. The inner edge of the flange shows small radial compressive strain and tensile strain in thickness. Thus,the wall thickness on the inner edge of the flange continues to increase,although the increment is small. Furthermore,microstructure analysis and tensile test results show that the flanged thin?walled cylinder formed by DRCS has good mechanical properties. The results provide instructions for the application of the DRCS process.

Analysis of Leakage in Bolted-Flanged Joints Using Contact Finite Element Analvsis

The evolution of leakage is studied using detailed contact finite element analysis. The distribution of stress at the gasket is analyzed using a contact condition based on slide-line elements using ABAQUS, a commercial finite element code, Slide-line elements also take into account pressure penetration as contact that is lost between flange and gasket. Results are presented for a particular flange, a raised face flange sealed by a mild steel gasket. A comparison of the results from the gasket contact analysis and the contact conditions specified by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sections VIII, Division 1 shows that the conditions specified in the ASME Code predict leakage relatively accurately.

Maxillary denture flange and occlusal discrepancies of Vertex ThermoSens in comparison with conventional heat-cured denture base materials

This study was conducted to investigate the maxillary denture bases and occlusal discrepancies using the Vertex Thermosens in comparison with the conventional polymethyl-methacrylate materials. Twenty maxillary denture bases were prepared from the Vertex ThermoSens and a conventional heat-cured denture base materials. Acrylic maxillary second molars were arranged in their respective positions on the ridge. After curing of both types of denture bases, they were deflasked with their respective master casts. Reference points were prepared for measurements of the antero-posterior and cross-arch dimensions at the denture borders using caliper device. Furthermore, the teeth discrepancies were measured between reference points in the ligual aspect of the second maxillary molars. The recorded data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. The results showed initial shrinkage of both denture bases in the antero-posterior and cross-arch dimensions immediately after decasting. This contraction was compensated gradually during storage in water up to 2 weeks. Regarding the variable time, there was a significant difference between the tested materials. Moreover, the results revealed occlusal discrepancies and shifting of teeth inward immediately after decasting, followed by outward movement after storage in water for 2 weeks. Regarding the variables time and materials, there were significant differences. Both materials exhibited inward shrinkage in the antero-posterior and cross-arch dimensions immediately after decasting. Both denture bases showed inward shifting of teeth immediately after decasting, followed by outward movement after storage in water up to 2 weeks.

Three Dimensional FE Analysis on Flange Bending for TC4 Alloy during Shear Spinning

In this paper, the 3D elastic-plastic simulation was carried out by using finite element （FE） code according to the phenomena of flange keeping straight, bending towards headstock and bending towards tailstock in the shear spinning experiments for TC4 alloy. The simulation results for the three kinds of deformations of the flange agree well with the experimental results. So it is possible to explain the reason of flange bending by analyzing the strain vectors in the flange for the three kinds of deformation, which shows that it is important to apply the FE simulation technology for predicting the defects and optimizing the spinning process of TC4 alloys.

Mechanical Properties of Two Kinds of New Cold-Formed Flange-Closed Welding Section Members

The hollow flange beam(HFB) is a unique cold-formed steel section developed in Australia for use as a flexural member.It′s a particular cross section with two torsion rigid closed triangular flanges and a comparatively flexible web,and it is a type of high efficient cross section.This paper presents two kinds of new cold-formed flange-closed welding sections named HF1 and HF2 according to different section component and parameters of HFB.Nonlinear finite element method has been adopted to investigate the mechanical properties such as buckling mode,deformation process,rigidity,ductility and correlation curve of two kinds of new section members which being subjected to axial compression,flexure,combined compression and bending.Systematical comparisons of the consumed steel quantities of per unit load carrying capacity between new section members and the same section dimensions of cold-formed C-section members have been carried out.Some conclusions can be drawn from above work that the new sections have some superior properties including higher load carrying capacity and section modulus,sufficient section stiffness,and difficult occurrence for the sub element local buckling.The new sections are suitable for bearing flexure,compression,combined compression and bending.The new sections′ consumed steel quantities of per unit load carrying capacity are almost half as those of the same dimension C-section members′.The experimental investigation is carried out further on the new cold-formed flange-closed welding section members and can be used in the practical engineering.

FLANGE EARING AND ITS CONTROL ON DEEP-DRAWING OF ANISOTROPY CIRCULAR SHEETS

The Hill's quadric anisotropy yield function and the Barlat-Lian anisotropy yield func- tion describing well anisotropy sheet metal with stronger texture are introduced into a quadric-flow cor- ner constitutive theory of elastic-plastic finite deformation suitable for deformation localization analy- sis.And then,the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation based on the virtual power principle and the discrete Kirchhoff shell element model including the yield functions and the constitutive theory are established.The focus of the present research is on the numerical simulation of the flange earing of the deep-drawing of anisotropy circular sheets,based on the investigated results, the.schemes for controlling the flange earing are proposed.

Influence of Friction Condition on Cold Upsetting of Tube Flange

FEM is used to analyze the influence of interface friction on the material flow and the cause of forming defect in the cold upsetting of tube flange. Based on the FEM simulation results, the relationships between flange width and the extreme friction factors are established. The concept of forming limit diagram for cold upsetting of tube flange is presented.

Optimization of Sectional Dimensions of I-Section Flange Beams and Recommendations for IS 808: 1989

This study covers optimization of I-sectional flange beams. Scope of this study is limited to medium weight flange beams of Table 1 of IS 808:1983 but it can be further extended for the other sections of this code. Best possible geometric shape of the cross-section is found for maximum performance of the beam with minimum material consumption. All possible loading conditions are considered in the study for which a beam in flexure undergoes in its life. ANSYS software program is used for the analysis and optimizing the sections. It is found that sections MB 125, MB 300 and MB 400 of Table 1 of IS 808 are not the optimum sections but other alternative of these cross-sections is available which within the same material consumption performs better than these sections of IS code.

Loads Analysis of Flanges of a Transonic and Supersonic Wind Tunnel Wide Angle Diffuser

Compared with general circular flanges, flanges on conical shells have different configurations. In the Chinese national code GBISO, however, there are no related contents about flange design of this kind of type. So, it needs to study loads of flanges of this kind of type. This paper takes the flange connection of a wide angle diffuser in a transonic and supersonic wind tunnel as the background, according to the principles of flange design in Chinese national code GB150, combining the characteristics of flanges of a wide angle diffuser, the loads of flanges have been analyzed, and the equations of loads and their locations have been presented.

基于凸型线圈双向电磁力加载的管件电磁翻边成形

传统线圈电磁力单一导致管件翻边角度不佳。本文提出采用凸型线圈管件翻边的方法,通过设计新型线圈,同时为管件翻边提供双向电磁力。建立了两组模型,分别采用传统线圈和凸型线圈驱动管件发生电磁翻边成形,探讨分析了两组管件模型翻边成形过程中的电磁力矢量以及变形速率的变化。结果表明,凸型线圈加载管件翻边时提供的双向电磁力极大地提高了管件变形的流动性,从而提高了翻边角度。此外,相同放电参数下基于凸型线圈的管件翻边角度较传统线圈提高了1.25倍。显然,新型线圈能够在一定程度上改善管件电磁翻边的质量问题,为电磁翻边成形的工业化应用提供更多可能。

Flange technique的开发及临床应用

目的解决下颌牙槽嵴低平，吸收严重，修复难度高的无牙牙合患者的义齿修复，确保义齿在口腔内的安定性。方法采用Ｆｌａｎｇｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ专用蜡，粘附于下颌基托上，戴入患者口腔内，使其作口腔机能性运动，形成义齿的空间，并在此空间内排列人工牙，然后再作牙龈部的机能性修整。结果完成的全口义齿能处于口腔肌压的等压区域内，减少了肌压脱离作用，增强了义齿的安定性，有效地恢复患者的咀嚼、吞咽、语言及审美等各项功能。结论应用Ｆｌａｎｇｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ作全口义齿的修复。

新型空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁设计理念与力学性能

工字钢组合梁桥正朝着少主梁、精简横向联系的方向发展。与传统多主梁复杂横向联系组合梁桥相比,双主梁桥由于采用了开口截面的结构形式,极大地削弱了其抗扭能力,在偏载作用下会产生较大的变形及翘曲应力,使钢主梁处于弯扭耦合的受力状态。空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁采用空心钢管取代传统的平板上翼缘,提升了稳定性,改善了结构性能。本文通过理论分析和实体有限元法的计算,研究了单梁在自重与横向风荷载作用下的稳定性;对非组合截面的组合体系下的稳定性能进行了分析与比较,并分离出扭转翘曲应力和纵向正应力,研究了不同跨径下扭转效应的影响。最后,对横向联系、加劲肋的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明,空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁桥扭转刚度大于传统工字形截面组合梁扭转刚度,自身横向稳定性好,并且需要较少的横向联系与加劲肋,可实现单梁吊装,避免采用过多临时加固及支撑措施,提高施工效率。

工艺参数对AZ31B镁合金单点渐进翻边精度的影响

目的以AZ31B镁合金板为研究对象,研究初始成形角、工具直径、成形温度及层间距对单点渐进圆孔翻边精度的影响规律。方法使用有限元软件对2 mm厚的镁合金板材进行数值模拟,通过计算翻边直壁处的平均回弹量,得出不同工艺参数对单点渐进圆孔翻边直壁轮廓的影响规律。通过正交实验分析了交互作用下工艺参数对圆孔翻边直壁处平均回弹量的影响,通过极差分析确定了最优工艺参数组合,并通过实验对所得结果进行了验证。结果随着初始成形角的增大、工具直径的增大、成形温度的升高及层间距的减小,圆孔翻边制件直壁处的成形精度提高,各因素按影响程度由大到小的顺序依次为:成形温度、初始成形角、工具直径和层间距。成形精度最高的工艺参数组合如下:初始成形角为30°、工具直径为10 mm、成形温度为275℃、层间距为0.5 mm。结论采用仿真模型模拟单点渐进圆孔翻边过程具有较高的准确性,使用优化后的工艺参数得到翻边零件直壁区域的最小厚度以及平均回弹量与仿真结果误差均在3%以内,升高温度可以明显提高单点渐进圆孔翻边的制件精度。